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{{Short description|Haredi portion of the religious Zionist Jewish community in Israel}}
'''Hardal''' ({{hebrewterm|חרד"ל, חרדי לאומי|Haredi Le-umi|pl={{small|]:}} Hardalim|National Haredi}}) refers to those Haredi Orthodox Jews who support the ].
]
==History and Groups==


'''Hardal''' (also spelled '''Chardal'''; {{langx|he|חרד״ל}}, acronym for {{script/Hebrew|חרדי לאומי}} {{transliteration|he|Ḥaredi Le'umi}}, {{Literal translation|"Nationalist ''Haredi''"}}, plural {{transliteration|he|Hardalim}}) usually refers to the portion of the ] ] community in ] which inclines significantly toward ] ideology (in terms of outlook on the secular world, or in their stringent '']'' approach to '']''). In their approach to the State of Israel, though, they are very much Zionist, and believe that Israel is '']''.
The term Hardal is part of a broad process of certain groups of ] youth becoming more strict in certain observances and more ideologically driven by the thought of R. Zvi Yehudah Kook. In the late 1970's graduates of ] began to reject certain aspects of Religious Zionist and ] life. At that time, some of the graduates were already referred to as "plain clothes Haredim."


Hardal Jews are also known as ''Torani'' (lit., "Torah-oriented"), or ''Torani-Leumi'' ("Torahic Nationalist").
According to some sources, the term Hardal was created at a meeting of the youth group EZRA in 1990. (Ezra is the Poalei Agudah youth group associated with ].)
In later years, the term Hardal became a group that actually started separating itself from the broader religious Zionist community in order to dedicate itself to leading a life dedicated to strict Jewish practice, without the influence of outside culture. There was stress placed on modesty in dress and early marriage. Rabbi ] was the major ideologue for this group.


==Overview==
All Hardalim built their thought on the writings of Rabbi ] as interpreted by his son Rabbi ]. This approach gives a great role for faith, emotions, and messianism in Judaism. They also stress the study of Yehudah Halevi's Kuzari and the writings of the Maharal.
On yeshiva.org.il, "Chardal" is described as, "The people who classify themselves as 'Charedi Leumi', or 'Chardal', try to keep the Mitzvot strictly, ''Kalah Kechamurah'' , while being involved in the national life in the state, and in the settling of Eretz Yisrael".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yeshiva.org.il/ask/eng/print.asp?id=1914 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120319203351/http://e.yeshiva.org.il/ask/printAsk.aspx/1914 | archive-date = March 19, 2012 | url-status = dead |title=Charedi Dati Leumi |publisher=yeshiva.org.il |access-date=2012-06-28}}<!-- See note on talk page --></ref> It has also been explained as the "Anglo Orthodox religious sector who follow a Charedi lifestyle, yet may also serve in the army in religious units, attend a ] yeshiva, and pursue a work career".<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121042111/http://www.yeshabulletin.com/Education.htm|date=November 21, 2010}}</ref> Yet another explanation is, "those connected to the seriousness of ] and stricter observance of Jewish Law - like the ] - but who are ] and have a more positive view of the secular world and ], like the dati leumi camp".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nefeshbnefesh.org/news/2003_news/JTA_udren.htm |title=Jta News |publisher=Nefeshbnefesh.org |access-date=2012-06-28}}</ref>


The term ''Hardal'' is sometimes used to refer to those coming from the Haredi world who join ] (the shortened army service for Yeshiva graduates) and continue to live within the broader Hardal world.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} It is also sometimes used for American ] Jews who moved to Israel and support the state.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}
In recent years, it refers to those under the influence of Rabbi Tau, who left yeshivat Merkaz Harav to found the more Hardal Yeshivat Har Hamor. Rabbi Tau rejects secular studies and secular influences. He is also against any academic influence on teacher's colleges, rejecting the influence of modern educational psychology and modern approaches to the study of Bible. Those who follow this approach are called followers of Yeshivat HaKav- "Yeshivot that follow the line."


==History==
The term Hardal is sometimes used to refer to those coming from the Haredi world who join Nahal Haredi (the shortened army service for Yeshiva graduates) and continue to live within the broader Hardal world. It is also sometimes used for American ] Jews who moved to Israel and support the state.
The term ''Hardal'' is part of a broad process of certain groups of ] youth becoming more strict in certain religious observances, and more ideologically driven by the thought of ] (son of ]).{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} In the late 1970s, graduates of ] yeshiva began to reject certain aspects of the Religious Zionist and ] lifestyle.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}


According to some sources, the term ''Hardal'' was created at a meeting of the youth group EZRA in 1990.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} (Ezra is the Poalei Agudah youth group associated with '']''.) In later years, the term Hardal became a group that actually started separating itself from the broader religious Zionist community in order to dedicate itself to leading a life dedicated to strict Jewish practice, without the influence of outside culture. There was emphasis placed on modesty in dress, and early marriage. ] was a major ideologue for this group.{{Citation needed|date=February 2019}}
== Ideological Crisis and Schism ==


In recent years, it refers to those under the influence of ], who left Yeshivat Merkaz HaRav to found the more ''Hardalic'' ].{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} Thau rejects secular studies and secular influences. He is also against any academic influence on teachers colleges, rejecting the influence of modern educational psychology, and modern approaches to the study of the Bible. Those who follow this approach are called followers of ''Yeshivat HaKav'' - "''Yeshivot'' that follow the line".
In earlier years, the Religious Zionist movement downplayed the reports of what some called traitorous actions of the Israeli Government, and continued to stress its unconditional support. However, ever since the call to implement ]'s ] of ] and Northern ] from their homes and surrender their land to the ] and ] ] groups, the Hardalim have been undergoing an intense ideological crisis. Many have come to change their ideological attitude toward the State of Israel, coming to see it not as an inherently valuable entity, but as a means to an end. Thus, they have come to realize that the State of Israel can no longer be considered "the ]" as Rabbi Zvi Yehudah Kook taught. Thus, their support for the State is conditional on the State's adherence to Torah law. Others, particularly Shlomo Aviner, have declared that they continue to support the State regardless.


==Schools==
This schism process was accelerated after the ] at the behest of then-acting-] ] brutally attacked youth who came to protest against the expulsion and demolition of a group of houses in the Jewish village of ], near Jerusalem, deliberately smashing skulls and testicles repeatedly with batons and engaging in sexual abuse of many of the female protesters. ]
There are schools for both boys and girls located in ], as well as in ] (Ahavat Yisrael). Their philosophy is, "To adhere to an open Haredi approach to ] and lifestyle, while at the same time leaving the possibility for army service and university studies as a goal".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nbn.org.il/aliyahpedia/community-a-housing/community-guide-beta-listings/12279-rappaport-boys-ramot-jerusalem.html |title=Ahavat Yisrael (Rappaport) Boys, Ramot Jerusalem |website=www.nbn.org.il |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117071039/http://www.nbn.org.il/aliyahpedia/community-a-housing/community-guide-beta-listings/12279-rappaport-boys-ramot-jerusalem.html |archive-date=2012-01-17}}</ref>


==Leadership== ==Leadership==
Past leaders (deceased)
Some influential leaders of the Hardal world include former Chief Rabbis of Israel Rabbi ] of the ] yeshiva.


* ], dean of the ] yeshiva (1937-2021)
Other important Rabbis and thinkers of the Hardal movement are:
* Rabbi ], his son Rabbi ] * ], former ] (1929–2010)
* ], former ], and dean of the ] yeshiva (1914–2007)
* Rabbi ]
* ], former dean of the ] yeshiva (1891–1982)
* Rabbi ]
* ], former dean of the ] yeshiva (1930–2009)
* Rabbi ]
* ], former leader of ] (1932–1990)
* Rabbi ]
* ], former leader of ] (1966–2000)
* Rabbi ]
* ], former rabbi of ] and dean of the ] yeshiva (1909–1995)
* ]
* ], former dean of the Hazon Ya'akov yeshiva (1946–2013)
* ], founder and former dean of the Siach Yitzchak yeshiva (1949–2007)
* ], former dean of the ] yeshiva (1933–2018)
* ], dean of the ] yeshiva
* ], former leader of ]


Current leaders:
==Locations==
* ], member of the ], leader of the ], and co-founder of ]
Many Hardalim live in the settlements. The settlement ], led by its Rabbi Dov Lior, is considered a Hardal stronghold as is the settlement of Beit El, led by Rabbi Shlomo Aviner. They are also predominant in settlements like Ofra, Shiloh, and Hevron. There are yeshivot in Ramat Gan and Yeruham which are seen as Hardal yeshivot. Some Jerusalem neighborhoods are also Hardal strongholds, such as Har Nof and the Jewish settlers in the Old City.
* ], former ], and former leader of ]

* ], leader of ]
==External Sources==
* ], MK for ]

* ], former ] and leader of ]
*, Shlomo Fischer
* ], former leader of the ]
*, Yoske Ahitov, Deot 24
* ], former leader of the ]
*, Bambi Sheleg
* ], former chairman and spokesman for ]
*, Nadav Shenrav
* ], leader of ]
*
* ], leader of ] and ]
*
* ], leader of ] and former ] MK
* ], former ] MK
* ], head of the Machon Shilo Institute
* ], spokesman for Jewish settlers in ]
* ], former rabbi of ]
* ], rabbi of ]
* ], rabbi of ]
* ], rabbi of ]
* ], rabbi of ]
* ], dean of the ] yeshiva and spiritual leader of ]
* ], former dean of the ] yeshiva
* ], dean of the ] yeshiva
* ], dean of the ] yeshiva
* ], dean of the ] yeshiva
* ], dean of the ] yeshiva
* ], dean of the ] yeshiva
* ], former rabbi of ] and founder of the ]
* ], founder and head of ]
* ], former mayor of Kedumim Village in Samaria
* ], of "]"
* ], senior lecturer at ]
* ], ] winner and professor at the ]


==See also== ==See also==
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* {{section link|Modern Orthodox Judaism|Ideological spectrum}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |year=2004 |orig-year=1990 |surname=Aran |given=Gideon |chapter=From Religious Zionism to Zionist Religion |title=Social Foundations of Judaism |editor-surname=Goldscheider |editor-given=Calvin |editor-surname2=Neusner |editor-given2=Jacob |editor-link2=Jacob Neusner |place=Eugene, Or |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publ. |edition=2nd |pages=259–282 |chapter-url= |url={{Google books|id=2TxLAwAAQBAJ|plainurl=y|page=|keywords=|text=}} |isbn=1-59244-943-3}}

==External links==
*

{{Religious Zionism}}
{{Authority control}}


] ]
] ]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 13:09, 22 December 2024

Haredi portion of the religious Zionist Jewish community in Israel
Har Hamor Yeshiva - a renowned institution of the Hardal community

Hardal (also spelled Chardal; Hebrew: חרד״ל, acronym for חרדי לאומי‎ Ḥaredi Le'umi, lit. '"Nationalist Haredi"', plural Hardalim) usually refers to the portion of the Religious Zionist Jewish community in Israel which inclines significantly toward Haredi ideology (in terms of outlook on the secular world, or in their stringent khumra approach to Halakha). In their approach to the State of Israel, though, they are very much Zionist, and believe that Israel is Atchalta De'Geula.

Hardal Jews are also known as Torani (lit., "Torah-oriented"), or Torani-Leumi ("Torahic Nationalist").

Overview

On yeshiva.org.il, "Chardal" is described as, "The people who classify themselves as 'Charedi Leumi', or 'Chardal', try to keep the Mitzvot strictly, Kalah Kechamurah , while being involved in the national life in the state, and in the settling of Eretz Yisrael". It has also been explained as the "Anglo Orthodox religious sector who follow a Charedi lifestyle, yet may also serve in the army in religious units, attend a Hesder yeshiva, and pursue a work career". Yet another explanation is, "those connected to the seriousness of Torah learning and stricter observance of Jewish Law - like the Charedim - but who are Zionist and have a more positive view of the secular world and Israel, like the dati leumi camp".

The term Hardal is sometimes used to refer to those coming from the Haredi world who join Nahal Haredi (the shortened army service for Yeshiva graduates) and continue to live within the broader Hardal world. It is also sometimes used for American yeshivish Jews who moved to Israel and support the state.

History

The term Hardal is part of a broad process of certain groups of Religious Zionist youth becoming more strict in certain religious observances, and more ideologically driven by the thought of Zvi Yehuda Kook (son of Abraham Isaac Kook). In the late 1970s, graduates of Mercaz HaRav yeshiva began to reject certain aspects of the Religious Zionist and Bnei Akiva lifestyle.

According to some sources, the term Hardal was created at a meeting of the youth group EZRA in 1990. (Ezra is the Poalei Agudah youth group associated with Torah im Derech Eretz.) In later years, the term Hardal became a group that actually started separating itself from the broader religious Zionist community in order to dedicate itself to leading a life dedicated to strict Jewish practice, without the influence of outside culture. There was emphasis placed on modesty in dress, and early marriage. Shlomo Aviner was a major ideologue for this group.

In recent years, it refers to those under the influence of Zvi Thau, who left Yeshivat Merkaz HaRav to found the more Hardalic Yeshivat Har Hamor. Thau rejects secular studies and secular influences. He is also against any academic influence on teachers colleges, rejecting the influence of modern educational psychology, and modern approaches to the study of the Bible. Those who follow this approach are called followers of Yeshivat HaKav - "Yeshivot that follow the line".

Schools

There are schools for both boys and girls located in Jerusalem, as well as in Ramat Beit Shemesh (Ahavat Yisrael). Their philosophy is, "To adhere to an open Haredi approach to Halakha and lifestyle, while at the same time leaving the possibility for army service and university studies as a goal".

Leadership

Past leaders (deceased)

Current leaders:

See also

References

  1. "Charedi Dati Leumi". yeshiva.org.il. Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
  2. Archived November 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  3. "Jta News". Nefeshbnefesh.org. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
  4. "Ahavat Yisrael (Rappaport) Boys, Ramot Jerusalem". www.nbn.org.il. Archived from the original on 2012-01-17.

Further reading

External links

Religious Zionism
Ideas
Organizations
Political parties
Media
Education
Other
Demographics
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