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| #REDIRECT ] | |||
| ] in ], ].]] | |||
| Buddhism arose in India and flourished for a long time. It eventually declined and disappeared from most regions of India around 13th century, but not without leaving a significant impact. In ] areas like ], ] and ], Buddhist practice was continued. It has reemerged as a major faith in India in the past century. | |||
| ] | |||
| ==Characteristics== | |||
| ] caves in ], ], once a gathering places for ] monks.]] | |||
| ===Nikaya=== | |||
| *] is the single remaining representative of the eighteen (or twenty) ] of Indian ], which are sometimes referred to by the controversial term ]. Theravada is now practiced mainly in ], ], ], ], and ]. | |||
| *Another prominent Nikaya school was the ], much of the doctrine of which was incorporated into ]. It included one of the main branches of Indian ] that was instrumental in the creation of ] doctrine. Its system of monastic rules ] is still used in ] and is also somewhat influential in monastic ]. | |||
| ===Mahayana=== | |||
| For a full discussion of Mahayana Buddhism, please see ]. | |||
| *] (Middle Way), of which the most significant thinker is ] | |||
| *] founded by ] and ]. Also known as Cittamatra, Vijnanavada (Mind Only, Consciousness-Mind Only). | |||
| *] A tenet of Indian and East Asian Buddhist thought based on the third turning of the wheel of dharma and central to ]. | |||
| ===Vajrayana=== | |||
| A form of Indian Buddhism that emerged in roughly the 7th century AD and later became widespread in Tibet, and also found in Japan. For a full discussion, please see ]. | |||
| ==History== | |||
| For a full account of the spread of Buddhism in India and beyond, see the ] and the ]. | |||
| ==Modern revival== | |||
| At the beginning of the ], Buddhism was almost ]<ref name="Census of India 2001">http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/Religion_WhizMap1/housemap.htm</ref>, the land of its origin. Certain tribal groups in ] continued to follow Buddhism, as did peoples in ] and ] where ]an culture was influential, but these groups were on the margins of Indian society. | |||
| ===Anagarika Dharmapala and his followers=== | |||
| The Buddhist revival began in India in ], when the ] Buddhist leader ] founded the ]<ref>{{cite book | |||
| |last=Ahir | |||
| |first=D.C. | |||
| |title=Buddhism in Modern India | |||
| |year=1991 | |||
| |publisher=Satguru | |||
| |id=ISBN 81-7030-254-4 | |||
| }}</ref>. The original objective of the Maha Bodhi Society was to restore the glory of the ] at ]. But later, the scope of the its activities expanded to involve the promotion of Buddhism in India. In June 1892, a meeting of Buddhists was organized at ]. Dharmapala spoke to the ]ian Buddhists and presented a relic of the Buddha to be sent to the ]. | |||
| After ], the Mahabodhi Temple was under the control of a ] ''mahant'' (abbott). Dharmapala started a campaign to return control of the temple to Buddhists. A long legal battle ensued, which Dharmapala lost in ]. Dharmapala built many ]s and temples in India, including the one at ], the place of ]'s first sermon. He died in 1933, the same year he was ordained a ]. After India gained independence, the control passed from the Hindu ''mahant'' to the ] State Government of Bihar, which established a temple management committee. The first monk under the management committee was Anagarika Munindra, a member of the Maha Bodhi Society<ref>{{cite book | |||
| |last=Ahir | |||
| |first=D.C. | |||
| |title=Buddhism in Modern India | |||
| |year=1991 | |||
| |publisher=Satguru | |||
| |id=ISBN 81-7030-254-4 | |||
| }}</ref>. | |||
| Dharmapala considered Buddhism an ]n religion and stated that the next Buddha will be born in the ] caste, in the city of ], which will then be called ''Ketumati''<ref name="the_arya_dharma">{{cite book | |||
| |last=Dharmapala | |||
| |first=Angarika | |||
| |title=The Arya Dharma of Sakya Muni, Gautama Buddha | |||
| |year=1917 | |||
| |publisher=Maha Bodhi Book Society | |||
| |url=http://arfalpha.com/SelfDiscipline/SelfDiscipline.htm | |||
| }}</ref>. He also said that the Vedic ], ], ], ], ], ] and ] were "destructive religions". He considered ''Buddhagama'' (Buddhism), ] and ] as the only non-destructive religions. He considered Buddhism as the oldest religion and the "only religion that stands by itself"<ref name="the_arya_dharma"/>: | |||
| {{cquote|Christianity and Islam are alien to the people in spirit; Brahmanism is only for the high castes; and the only religion that can help the teeming millions of India is the religion of Compassion of the Buddha, the Aryan prince of the solar line of Ikshvaku}} | |||
| The Maha Bodhi Society mainly attracted upper-caste people<ref name="bhagwan_das_revival">{{cite book | |||
| |last=Das | |||
| |first=Bhagwan | |||
| |title=Revival of Buddhism in India. Role of Dr Baba Sahib B.R.Ambedkar. | |||
| |year=1998 | |||
| |publisher=Dalit Today Prakashan, Lucknow | |||
| |id=ISBN 81-7030-254-4 | |||
| }}</ref>. | |||
| ===Dalit Buddhist movement=== | |||
| {{main|Dalit Buddhist movement}} | |||
| A Buddhist revivalist movement among ] Indians was initiated in 1890s by Dalit leaders such as ], ], and ]. ]n Buddhist monks played big role for Dalit Buddhist movement in India.<ref>http://www.mahabodhiindia.com/home.htm</ref>. In, 1956 ] converted to Buddhism along with followers, giving a major impetus to the Dalit Buddhist movement in India. | |||
| ===Others=== | |||
| ], a meditation teacher trained in ] is an active Buddhist leader in India<ref name="Vipassana Meditation Website">http://www.dhamma.org/</ref>. Goenka plans to build a stupa. The most significant part of this structure is that it will be more than twice as large as the presently largest dome structure in the world, namely the Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur in India.{{fact}} The stones are to be placed to form a load bearing dome structure without supporting pillars inside the hall.<ref name="Global Pagoda, Mumbai, India">http://www.globalpagoda.org/test/index.aspx</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| * ''Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical Sketch'' (, , ) by ], at ] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| <div class="references-small"> | |||
| <references/> | |||
| </div> | |||
| {{Asia in topic|Buddhism in}} | |||
| {{buddhism2}} | |||
| ]{{Link FA|ja}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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