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| {{Short description|Moshav in northern Israel}} | |||
| {{Infobox Israel village | {{Infobox Israel village | ||
| | name = Avivim | | name = Avivim | ||
| | hebname = {{Script/Hebrew|אֲבִיבִים}} | |||
| | image = Avivim |
| image = Avivim 6836.jpg | ||
| | caption |
| caption= | ||
| | imgsize = |
| imgsize = 250px | ||
| | founded = | |||
| | |
| founded= | ||
| | |
| founded_by = ] | ||
| | country = {{ISR}} | |||
| ⚫ | | council |
||
| | district = north | |||
| | industry = | |||
| ⚫ | | council = ] | ||
| | affiliation = ] | | affiliation = ] | ||
| | population = {{Israel populations|Avivim}} | |||
| | population = 481<ref name="cbs-loc">{{cite web|title=Locality File|year=2012|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/ishuvim/ishuv2012/bycode.xls|publisher=]|format=XLS|accessdate=October 30, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| | popyear = |
| popyear = {{Israel populations|Year}} | ||
| | population_footnotes= {{Israel populations|reference}} | |||
| |pushpin_map=Israel northeast |
|pushpin_map = Israel northeast#Israel | ||
| |latd=33 |latm=5 |lats=21.2 | |||
| |pushpin_mapsize= 250 | |||
| |longd=35 |longm=28 |longs=19.43 | |||
| |pushpin_label_position= bottom | |||
| ⚫ | | website |
||
| |coordinates = {{coord|33|5|21|N|35|28|19|E|display=inline,title}} | |||
| ⚫ | | website= | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| ] | |||
| '''Avivim''' ({{ |
'''Avivim''' ({{langx|he|אֲבִיבִים}}) is a ] in ], in the northernmost part of ], less than one kilometre (3,000 feet) from the ] with Lebanon. In {{Israel populations|Year}}, its population was {{Israel populations|Avivim}}.{{Israel populations|reference}} | ||
| ==History== | |||
| The ] placed Saliha within the French mandate of Lebanon border, thus classifying it a part of Lebanese territory. It was one of the 24 villages transferred from the French mandate of Lebanon to British control in 1924 in accordance with the 1923 demarcation of the border between the British Mandate for Palestine and the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon. It thus formed part of Palestine until 1948. | |||
| ===Mandatory period=== | |||
| In 1920, ] was designated part of Lebanon under the auspices of the ]. It was one of 24 villages transferred to British control in 1924 following the 1923 demarcation of the border between the British Mandate for Palestine and the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon.<ref name=Kaufman>{{cite journal |last=Kaufman |first=Asher |title=Between Palestine and Lebanon: Seven Shi'i Villages as a Case Study of Boundaries, Identities, and Conflict |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=60 |number=4 |pages=685–706 |url=https://www.academia.edu/5561797|doi=10.3751/60.4.13 |year=2006 }}</ref> It thus formed part of the British Mandate of Palestine. | |||
| Under the ], Saliha was to be included in the proposed Arab state, while the boundary between it and the proposed Jewish state was to run north of the built-up area of the village. | Under the 1947 ], Saliha was to be included in the proposed Arab state, while the boundary between it and the proposed Jewish state was to run north of the built-up area of the village. During the ], Saliha was the site of a massacre carried out by Israeli forces shortly before the village was completely depopulated. The built structures in the village, with the exception of an elementary school for boys, were also destroyed. Israeli forces blew up the village mosque, killing 60–94 people who were inside.<ref name=morris>{{cite book |last=Morris |first=Benny |author-link=Benny Morris |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited |year=2004 |page=481 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C |publisher=] |location=] |isbn=9780521009676}}</ref> | ||
| ===South Lebanon conflict=== | |||
| During the ], Saliha was the site of a massacre carried out by Israeli forces shortly before the village was completely depopulated. The built structures in the village, with the exception of an elementary school for boys, were also destroyed. | |||
| {{Further|Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon}} | |||
| The moshav's proximity to the ] ] has made it a target for violent attacks, most notably the ]. On May 8, 1970, militants of the ] ] organization fired two bazooka shells<ref>{{cite news |last=Izenberg |first=Dan |title=Moshav Avivim still stands determined during tensions |date=July 20, 2006 |url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel/Moshav-Avivim-still-stands-determined-during-tensions |newspaper=] |access-date=May 1, 2019}}</ref> at the community ], killing nine children and three adults, and injuring 19 others.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tabarani |first=Gabriel G. |title=Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: from Balfour Promise to Bush Declaration |year= 2008 |page=178 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMqLgW_B_BAC&pg=PA178|isbn=9781467879040 }}</ref> In October 1970, guerrillas in Lebanon fired mortars at Avivim, triggering an alert along the Lebanese border.<ref>{{cite news |agency=] |title=Avivim Settlement under Mortar Fire from Terrorists in Lebanon |url=https://www.jta.org/1970/10/27/archive/avivim-settlement-under-mortar-fire-from-terrorists-in-lebanon |date=October 27, 1970 |access-date=May 1, 2019}}</ref> | |||
| Avivim also suffered during the ], and was subject to at least one infiltration attempt by ]. The moshav also came under fire from Hezbollah forces in the nearby village of ], across the border in ].<ref>{{cite news |last=Izenberg |first=Dan |title=Moshav Avivim still stands determined during tensions |date=July 20, 2006 |url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel/Moshav-Avivim-still-stands-determined-during-tensions |newspaper=] |access-date=May 1, 2019}}</ref> | |||
| The moshav was founded in 1958, but was abandoned soon afterward. It was re-established in 1963 with immigrants from North ], mostly ]. | |||
| Amidst the ], ] militants directed their focus to northern Israeli border communities, necessitating the evacuation of several areas, including Avivim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |title=IDF to evacuate civilians from 28 communities along Lebanese border amid attacks |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-to-evacuate-civilians-from-28-communities-along-lebanese-border-amid-attacks/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US}}</ref> on October 22, the IDF struck a ] cell in ], preventing an ] attack on Avivim.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IDF says it hit Lebanon terror cell planning missile attack on Israeli town |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-says-it-hit-lebanon-terror-cell-planning-missile-attack-on-israeli-town/ |access-date=2023-10-22 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
| The moshav's proximity to the ] ] has made it a target for terrorist attacks, most notably the ]. On May 8, 1970, terrorists from the ] attacked the community ], killing nine children and three adults, and injuring 19 others.<ref></ref> | |||
| Avivim also suffered during the ], and was subject to at least one infiltration attempt by ].<ref> (accessed September 7, 2006)</ref> The moshav also came under fire from Hezbollah forces in the nearby village of ], across the border in ]. | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{ |
{{Reflist}} | ||
| {{Merom HaGalil Regional Council}} | {{Merom HaGalil Regional Council}} | ||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 15:53, 6 November 2024
Moshav in northern Israel Place in Northern, Israel| Avivim אֲבִיבִים | |
|---|---|
 | |
  AvivimShow map of Northeast Israel AvivimShow map of Israel | |
| Coordinates: 33°5′21″N 35°28′19″E / 33.08917°N 35.47194°E / 33.08917; 35.47194 | |
| Country |  Israel |
| District | Northern |
| Council | Merom HaGalil |
| Affiliation | Moshavim Movement |
| Founded by | Moroccan Jews |
| Population | 474 |
Avivim (Hebrew: אֲבִיבִים) is a moshav in Israel, in the northernmost part of Upper Galilee, less than one kilometre (3,000 feet) from the Blue Line with Lebanon. In 2022, its population was 474.
History
Mandatory period
In 1920, Saliha was designated part of Lebanon under the auspices of the Franco-British Boundary Agreement. It was one of 24 villages transferred to British control in 1924 following the 1923 demarcation of the border between the British Mandate for Palestine and the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon. It thus formed part of the British Mandate of Palestine.
Under the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, Saliha was to be included in the proposed Arab state, while the boundary between it and the proposed Jewish state was to run north of the built-up area of the village. During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Saliha was the site of a massacre carried out by Israeli forces shortly before the village was completely depopulated. The built structures in the village, with the exception of an elementary school for boys, were also destroyed. Israeli forces blew up the village mosque, killing 60–94 people who were inside.
South Lebanon conflict
Further information: Palestinian insurgency in South LebanonThe moshav's proximity to the Lebanese border has made it a target for violent attacks, most notably the Avivim school bus massacre. On May 8, 1970, militants of the pro-Syrian Baathist As-Sa'iqa organization fired two bazooka shells at the community school bus, killing nine children and three adults, and injuring 19 others. In October 1970, guerrillas in Lebanon fired mortars at Avivim, triggering an alert along the Lebanese border.
Avivim also suffered during the 2006 Lebanon War, and was subject to at least one infiltration attempt by Hezbollah. The moshav also came under fire from Hezbollah forces in the nearby village of Maroun al-Ras, across the border in Lebanon.
Amidst the 2023 conflict between Hamas and Israel, Hezbollah militants directed their focus to northern Israeli border communities, necessitating the evacuation of several areas, including Avivim. on October 22, the IDF struck a Hezbollah cell in southern Lebanon, preventing an anti-tank guided missile attack on Avivim.
References
- ^ "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- Kaufman, Asher (2006). "Between Palestine and Lebanon: Seven Shi'i Villages as a Case Study of Boundaries, Identities, and Conflict". Middle East Journal. 60 (4): 685–706. doi:10.3751/60.4.13.
- Morris, Benny (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 481. ISBN 9780521009676.
- Izenberg, Dan (July 20, 2006). "Moshav Avivim still stands determined during tensions". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
- Tabarani, Gabriel G. (2008). Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: from Balfour Promise to Bush Declaration. p. 178. ISBN 9781467879040.
- "Avivim Settlement under Mortar Fire from Terrorists in Lebanon". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. October 27, 1970. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
- Izenberg, Dan (July 20, 2006). "Moshav Avivim still stands determined during tensions". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
- Fabian, Emanuel. "IDF to evacuate civilians from 28 communities along Lebanese border amid attacks". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
- "IDF says it hit Lebanon terror cell planning missile attack on Israeli town". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
| Merom HaGalil Regional Council | |
|---|---|
| Kibbutzim | |
| Moshavim | |
| Community settlements | |
| Other villages |
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