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Copper(I) fluoride: Difference between revisions

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{{Chembox {{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed | Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 470455006 | verifiedrevid = 477000666
| ImageFile = Copper(I)-fluoride-unit-cell-3D-balls.png
| ImageSize = 121 | ImageFile =
| ImageSize =
| ImageName = Unit cell, ball and stick model of copper(I) fluoride
| ImageName =
| IUPACName = Copper(I) fluoride | IUPACName = Copper(I) fluoride
| SystematicName = Fluorocopper<ref>{{Cite web|title = Copper Monofluoride - PubChem Public Chemical Database|url = http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=3084153&loc=ec_rcs|work = The PubChem Project|location = USA|publisher = National Center for Biotechnology Information}}</ref> | SystematicName = Fluorocopper<ref>{{Cite web|title = Copper Monofluoride - PubChem Public Chemical Database|url = https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=3084153&loc=ec_rcs|work = The PubChem Project|location = USA|publisher = National Center for Biotechnology Information}}</ref>
| OtherNames = Cuprous fluoride | OtherNames = Cuprous fluoride
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CASNo = 13478-41-6 | CASNo = 13478-41-6
| PubChem = 3084153 | PubChem = 3084153
⚫ | ChemSpiderID = 2341261
| PubChem_Ref = {{Pubchemcite|correct|pubchem}}
⚫ | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
⚫ | ChemSpiderID = 2341261
⚫ | SMILES = F
⚫ | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| SMILES = F | SMILES2 = F
⚫ | StdInChI = 1S/Cu.FH/h;1H/q+1;/p-1
⚫ | SMILES = F
⚫ | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
⚫ | StdInChI = 1S/Cu.FH/h;1H/q+1;/p-1
⚫ | InChI = 1/Cu.FH/h;1H/q+1;/p-1
⚫ | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
⚫ | StdInChIKey = BMRUOURRLCCWHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
⚫ | InChI = 1/Cu.FH/h;1H/q+1;/p-1
⚫ | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
⚫ | StdInChIKey = BMRUOURRLCCWHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
⚫ | InChIKey = BMRUOURRLCCWHB-REWHXWOFAQ
⚫ | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
⚫ }}
⚫ | InChIKey = BMRUOURRLCCWHB-REWHXWOFAQ
⚫ |Section2={{Chembox Properties
⚫ }}
⚫ | Cu=1 | F=1
⚫ | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
⚫ | Density = 7.1 g cm<sup>−3</sup>
⚫ | Cu = 1
}}
⚫ | F = 1
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| ExactMass = 81.928004284 g mol<sup>-1</sup>
⚫ | CrystalStruct = ]
⚫ | Density = 7.1 g cm<sup>-3</sup>
}} }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |Section4 = {{Chembox Hazards
|NFPA-H = 3
⚫ | CrystalStruct = ]
⚫ |NFPA-F = 0
|NFPA-R = 0
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS06}}{{GHS09}}
| GHSSignalWord = Warning
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|}}
| PEL = TWA 1 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (as Cu)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0150}}</ref>
| REL = TWA 1 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (as Cu)<ref name=PGCH/>
| IDLH = TWA 100 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (as Cu)<ref name=PGCH/>
}} }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| Related_ref =
| OtherAnions =]<br>]<br>]
| OtherCations =]<br>]
| OtherFunction =
| OtherFunction_label =
| OtherCompounds =]
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}} }}


'''Copper(I) fluoride''' is an ] with the chemical formula CuF. Its existence is uncertain. It was reported in 1933 to have a ]-type ].<ref>{{ cite journal | journal = ] | volume = 210 | issue = 3 | pages = 269&ndash;272 | year = 1933 | title = Kristallstrukturen von Fluoriden. II. HgF, HgF<sub>2</sub>, CuF und CuF<sub>2</sub> | first1 = F. | last1 = Ebert | first2 = H. | last2 = Woitinek | doi = 10.1002/zaac.19332100307 }}</ref> Modern textbooks state that CuF is not known,<ref>{{Housecroft3rd|pages=737–738}}</ref> since fluorine is so ] that it will always oxidise copper to its +2 ].<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd|pages=1183–1185}}</ref> ] of CuF such as are, however, known and well characterised.<ref>{{ cite journal | journal = ] | volume = 52 | year = 1981 | pages = 153–159 | title = Coordination Stabilised Copper(I) Fluoride. Crystal and Molecular Structure of '''Copper(I) fluoride''' or cuprous fluoride is an ] with the chemical formula CuF. Its existence is uncertain. It was reported in 1933 to have a ]-type ].<ref>{{ cite journal | journal = ] | volume = 210 | issue = 3 | pages = 269&ndash;272 | year = 1933 | title = Kristallstrukturen von Fluoriden. II. HgF, HgF<sub>2</sub>, CuF und CuF<sub>2</sub> | first1 = F. | last1 = Ebert | first2 = H. | last2 = Woitinek | doi = 10.1002/zaac.19332100307 }}</ref> Modern textbooks state that CuF is not known,<ref>{{Housecroft3rd|pages=737–738}}</ref> since fluorine is so ] that it will always oxidise copper to its +2 ].<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd|pages=1183–1185}}</ref> ] of CuF such as are, however, known and well characterised.<ref>{{ cite journal | journal = ] | volume = 52 | year = 1981 | pages = 153–159 | title = Coordination Stabilised Copper(I) Fluoride. Crystal and Molecular Structure of Fluorotris(triphenylphosphine)copper(I)·Ethanol (1/2), Cu(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>F·2EtOH | first1 = D. J. | last1 = Gulliver | first2 = W. | last2 = Levason | first3 = M. | last3 = Webster | doi = 10.1016/S0020-1693(00)88590-4 }}</ref>
Fluorotris(triphenylphosphine)copper(I)·Ethanol (1/2), Cu(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>F·2EtOH | first1 = D. J. | last1 = Gulliver | first2 = W. | last2 = Levason | first3 = M. | last3 = Webster | doi = 10.1016/S0020-1693(00)88590-4 }}</ref>


==Synthesis and reactivity== ==Synthesis and reactivity==
Unlike other copper(I) halides like ], copper(I) fluoride tends to ] into copper(II) fluoride and copper in a one-to-one ratio at ambient conditions, unless it is stabilised through complexation as in the example of .<ref>{{cite journal |author2=Matthews, Steven L. |author3=Poleshchuk, Oleg Kh |author4=Walker, Nicholas R. |author5=Legon, Anthony C. |title=N2-Cu-F: A Complex of Dinitrogen and Cuprous Fluoride Characterized by Rotational Spectroscopy|journal=Angewandte Chemie|date=2006-09-25|volume=118|issue=38|pages=6489–6491|doi=10.1002/ange.200601988|last=Francis|first=Simon G.|pmid=16937427 }}</ref>

It can be formed by the reduction of ].{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} Unlike ], copper(I) fluoride tends to disproportionate into copper(II) fluoride and copper in a one to one ratio at ambient conditions, unless it is stabilised through complexation as in the example of .


:2CuF → Cu + CuF<sub>2</sub> :2CuF → Cu + CuF<sub>2</sub>


== See also ==
As a result of this disproportiontion, samples slowly become light cyan in colour, the colour of copper(II) fluoride.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}
* ], the other simple fluoride of copper


== References == == References ==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}

{{refimprove|date=April 2011}}


{{Copper compounds}} {{Copper compounds}}
{{fluorides}}


] ]
] ]
]

]

]
{{Inorganic-compound-stub}}

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Latest revision as of 17:25, 17 November 2024

Copper(I) fluoride
Names
IUPAC name Copper(I) fluoride
Systematic IUPAC name Fluorocopper
Other names Cuprous fluoride
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
PubChem CID
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/Cu.FH/h;1H/q+1;/p-1Key: BMRUOURRLCCWHB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
  • InChI=1/Cu.FH/h;1H/q+1;/p-1Key: BMRUOURRLCCWHB-REWHXWOFAQ
SMILES
  • F
  • F
Properties
Chemical formula CuF
Molar mass 82.544 g·mol
Density 7.1 g cm
Structure
Crystal structure sphalerite
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms GHS06: ToxicGHS09: Environmental hazard
Signal word Warning
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
3 0 0
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible) TWA 1 mg/m (as Cu)
REL (Recommended) TWA 1 mg/m (as Cu)
IDLH (Immediate danger) TWA 100 mg/m (as Cu)
Related compounds
Other anions Copper(I) chloride
Copper(I) bromide
Copper(I) iodide
Other cations Silver(I) fluoride
Gold(I) fluoride
Related compounds Copper(II) fluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). ☒N verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Copper(I) fluoride or cuprous fluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuF. Its existence is uncertain. It was reported in 1933 to have a sphalerite-type crystal structure. Modern textbooks state that CuF is not known, since fluorine is so electronegative that it will always oxidise copper to its +2 oxidation state. Complexes of CuF such as are, however, known and well characterised.

Synthesis and reactivity

Unlike other copper(I) halides like copper(I) chloride, copper(I) fluoride tends to disproportionate into copper(II) fluoride and copper in a one-to-one ratio at ambient conditions, unless it is stabilised through complexation as in the example of .

2CuF → Cu + CuF2

See also

References

  1. "Copper Monofluoride - PubChem Public Chemical Database". The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information.
  2. ^ NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0150". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. Ebert, F.; Woitinek, H. (1933). "Kristallstrukturen von Fluoriden. II. HgF, HgF2, CuF und CuF2". Z. anorg. allg. Chem. 210 (3): 269–272. doi:10.1002/zaac.19332100307.
  4. Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2008). Inorganic Chemistry (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall. pp. 737–738. ISBN 978-0-13-175553-6.
  5. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1183–1185. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  6. Gulliver, D. J.; Levason, W.; Webster, M. (1981). "Coordination Stabilised Copper(I) Fluoride. Crystal and Molecular Structure of Fluorotris(triphenylphosphine)copper(I)·Ethanol (1/2), Cu(PPh3)3F·2EtOH". Inorg. Chim. Acta. 52: 153–159. doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(00)88590-4.
  7. Francis, Simon G.; Matthews, Steven L.; Poleshchuk, Oleg Kh; Walker, Nicholas R.; Legon, Anthony C. (2006-09-25). "N2-Cu-F: A Complex of Dinitrogen and Cuprous Fluoride Characterized by Rotational Spectroscopy". Angewandte Chemie. 118 (38): 6489–6491. doi:10.1002/ange.200601988. PMID 16937427.
Copper compounds
Cu(0,I)
Cu(I)
Cu(I,II)
Cu(II)
Cu(III)
Cu(IV)
Salts and covalent derivatives of the fluoride ion
HF ?HeF2
LiF BeF2 BF
BF3
B2F4
+BO3 		CF4
CxFy
+CO3 		NF3
FN3
N2F2
NF
N2F4
NF2
?NF5 		OF2
O2F2
OF
O3F2
O4F2
?OF4 		F2 Ne
NaF MgF2 AlF
AlF3 		SiF4 P2F4
PF3
PF5 		S2F2
SF2
S2F4
SF3
SF4
S2F10
SF6
+SO4 		ClF
ClF3
ClF5 		?ArF2
?ArF4
KF CaF
CaF2 		ScF3 TiF2
TiF3
TiF4 		VF2
VF3
VF4
VF5 		CrF2
CrF3
CrF4
CrF5
?CrF6 		MnF2
MnF3
MnF4
?MnF5 		FeF2
FeF3
FeF4 		CoF2
CoF3
CoF4 		NiF2
NiF3
NiF4 		CuF
CuF2
?CuF3 		ZnF2 GaF2
GaF3 		GeF2
GeF4 		AsF3
AsF5 		Se2F2
SeF4
SeF6
+SeO3 		BrF
BrF3
BrF5 		KrF2
?KrF4
?KrF6
RbF SrF
SrF2 		YF3 ZrF2
ZrF3
ZrF4 		NbF4
NbF5 		MoF4
MoF5
MoF6 		TcF4
TcF
5
TcF6 		RuF3
RuF
4
RuF5
RuF6 		RhF3
RhF4
RhF5
RhF6 		PdF2
Pd
PdF4
?PdF6 		Ag2F
AgF
AgF2
AgF3 		CdF2 InF
InF3 		SnF2
SnF4 		SbF3
SbF5 		TeF4
?Te2F10
TeF6
+TeO3 		IF
IF3
IF5
IF7
+IO3 		XeF2
XeF4
XeF6
?XeF8
CsF BaF2   LuF3 HfF4 TaF5 WF4
WF5
WF6 		ReF4
ReF5
ReF6
ReF7 		OsF4
OsF5
OsF6
?OsF
7
?OsF
8 		IrF2
IrF3
IrF4
IrF5
IrF6 		PtF2
Pt
PtF4
PtF5
PtF6 		AuF
AuF3
Au2F10
?AuF6
AuF5•F2 		Hg2F2
HgF2
?HgF4 		TlF
TlF3 		PbF2
PbF4 		BiF3
BiF5 		?PoF2
PoF4
PoF6 		AtF
?AtF3
?AtF5 		RnF2
?RnF
4
?RnF
6
FrF RaF2   LrF3 Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
↓
LaF3 CeF3
CeF4 		PrF3
PrF4 		NdF2
NdF3
NdF4 		PmF3 SmF
SmF2
SmF3 		EuF2
EuF3 		GdF3 TbF3
TbF4 		DyF2
DyF3
DyF4 		HoF3 ErF3 TmF2
TmF3 		YbF2
YbF3
AcF3 ThF3
ThF4 		PaF4
PaF5 		UF3
UF4
UF5
UF6 		NpF3
NpF4
NpF5
NpF6 		PuF3
PuF4
PuF5
PuF6 		AmF2
AmF3
AmF4
?AmF6 		CmF3
CmF4
 ?CmF6 		BkF3
BkF
4 		CfF3
CfF4 		EsF3
EsF4
?EsF6 		Fm Md No
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