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{{Short description|American scientist}}
{{BLP sources|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox scientist {{Infobox scientist
| name = Douglas Youvan | name = Douglas Youvan
| image =Douglas_Youvan,_2010.jpg | image =Douglas_Youvan,_2010.jpg
| caption = Douglas Youvan, United Methodist Church, Frontenac, 2010 | caption = Douglas Youvan, 2010
| birth_date = 1955 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|1|29}}
| birth_place = ], ] | birth_place = ], ]
| residence = | residence =
Line 9: Line 11:
| field = ] | field = ]
| erdos_number = | erdos_number =
| work_institution = ] and Kairos Scientific Inc. | work_institution = ] and Kairos Scientific Inc.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
| alma_mater = ] | alma_mater = ]
| doctoral_students = Adam P. Arkin, Simon Delagrave, Edward J. Bylina, Robert Mitra, Georg Fuellen
| known_for = Biophysics of ] and ]; ]
| spouse =
| website = ]
}} }}
'''Douglas Charles Youvan''' (born 1955) is an ] ]. '''Douglas Charles Youvan''' (born January 29, 1955) is an American scientist.


==Biography== ==Biography==
Youvan received an associate degree in electronics and a bachelor's degree in biology from ].{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}} He received his Ph.D. degree in ] from ].{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}
Prior to founding Karios Scientific Inc. with ], Youvan was an ] of ] at ], and his Ph.D. degree in ] was from UC Berkeley. Extensive litigation over Youvan's KCAT patent for ''solid phase enzyme kinetics screening in microcolonies'' set case law in the California Supreme Court.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/stories/2003/09/01/story2.html | title =Fish & Richardson stung for $30M in botched patent filing | date = August 29, 2003 | publisher = Boston Business Journal | first=Sheri | last=Qualters}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.sti.nasa.gov/tto/Spinoff2006/hm_3.html | title = From Planetary Imaging to Enzyme Screening | publisher = NASA }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=5&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=youvan.INNM.&OS=IN/youvan&RS=IN/youvan | title = Solid phase enzyme kinetics screening in microcolonies }}</ref> Youvan received an Associate's degree in Electronics and a Bachelor's degree in Biology at ages 15 and 19, respectively, from ].{{Citation needed|date=January 2011}}

Youvan was an ] of chemistry at ],{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} where he specialized in the study of photosynthesis, specifically the spectral analysis of photosynthetic bacteria. Youvan, along with ], developed instrumentation to study the spectra of bacteria directly from a petri dish.{{Definition needed|date=May 2024}}


==Research focus== ==Research focus==
In his 1981 Ph.D. thesis, Youvan found inhibitors (hypermodified nucleosides) of retroviral reverse transcriptase present in ribosomal RNA.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1073/pnas.76.8.3751 | url = http://www.pnas.org/content/76/8/3751.abstract | pmc = 383911 | pmid = 91169 | year = 1979 | last1 = Youvan | first1 = DC | last2 = Hearst | first2 = JE | title = Reverse transcriptase pauses at N2-methylguanine during in vitro transcription of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA | volume = 76 | issue = 8 | pages = 3751–4 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url = http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/9/7/1723 | pmc = 326793 | pmid = 6164994 | doi = 10.1093/nar/9.7.1723 | year = 1981 | last1 = Youvan | first1 = DC | last2 = Hearst | first2 = JE | title = A sequence from Drosophila melanogaster 18S rRNA bearing the conserved hypermodified nucleoside am psi: analysis by reverse transcription and high-performance liquid chromatography | volume = 9 | issue = 7 | pages = 1723–41 | journal = Nucleic Acids Research}}</ref> In his 1981 Ph.D. thesis, Youvan found inhibitors (hypermodified ]s) of ] ] present in ].<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1073/pnas.76.8.3751 | pmc = 383911 | pmid = 91169 | year = 1979 | last1 = Youvan | first1 = DC | last2 = Hearst | first2 = JE | title = Reverse transcriptase pauses at N2-methylguanine during in vitro transcription of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA | volume = 76 | issue = 8 | pages = 3751–4 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America| bibcode = 1979PNAS...76.3751Y | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | pmc = 326793 | pmid = 6164994 | doi = 10.1093/nar/9.7.1723 | year = 1981 | last1 = Youvan | first1 = DC | last2 = Hearst | first2 = JE | title = A sequence from Drosophila melanogaster 18S rRNA bearing the conserved hypermodified nucleoside am psi: analysis by reverse transcription and high-performance liquid chromatography | volume = 9 | issue = 7 | pages = 1723–41 | journal = Nucleic Acids Research}}</ref>


His work correctly predicted the secondary structure of the 11 ] of the ] as confirmed by ]. In 1987 Youvan and E. Bylina constructed the first site-directed mutants of bacterial reaction centers.<ref>{{cite book|title=Discoveries in Photosynthesis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I3gy4r-aBusC&q=%22Douglas+Youvan%22&pg=PA58 |year=2005 |publisher=Springer-Verlag |author=Govindjee |series=Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration |volume=20 |page=58|isbn=9781402033247 }}</ref>
In a 1984 publication <ref>{{cite journal | doi =10.1016/0092-8674(84)90429-X | pmid =6744416 | year =1984 | last1 =Youvan | first1 =DC | last2 =Bylina | first2 =EJ | last3 =Alberti | first3 =M | last4 =Begusch | first4 =H | last5 =Hearst | first5 =JE | title =Nucleotide and deduced polypeptide sequences of the photosynthetic reaction-center, B870 antenna, and flanking polypeptides from R. capsulata. | volume =37 | issue =3 | pages =949–57 | journal =Cell}}</ref> with John E. Hearst, and in collaboration with Barry L. Marrs, Youvan published the nucleotide and deduced protein sequence for the photosynthetic reaction center – the proteins that convert light to chemical energy in photosynthetic organisms. This work correctly predicted the secondary structure of the 11 transmembrane helices of the ] as confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Later collaborative work with ultra-fast laser laboratories helped yield evidence for a vibrational coherence in the sub-picosecond processes of photosynthetic charge separation.<ref>{{cite journal | doi =10.1073/pnas.88.20.8885 | url =http://www.pnas.org/content/88/20/8885.short| pmc =52615 | pmid =1924348 | year =1991 | last1 =Vos | first1 =MH | last2 =Lambry | first2 =JC | last3 =Robles | first3 =SJ | last4 =Youvan | first4 =DC | last5 =Breton | first5 =J | last6 =Martin | first6 =JL | title =Direct observation of vibrational coherence in bacterial reaction centers using femtosecond absorption spectroscopy. | volume =88 | issue =20 | pages =8885–9 | journal =Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}}</ref> International collaborative work was funded by a ] Award.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.hfsp.org/awardees/AwardsRGM1991.htm | title = AWARD YEAR 1991 – "Molecular" Research Grants}}</ref>

Youvan and his students have also worked in the field of combinatorial ] which can be used for directed evolution of proteins,<ref>{{cite journal | doi =10.1073/pnas.89.16.7811 | url =http://www.pnas.org/content/89/16/7811.abstract| pmc =49801 | pmid =1502200 | year =1992 | last1 =Arkin | first1 =AP | last2 =Youvan | first2 =DC | title =An algorithm for protein engineering: simulations of recursive ensemble mutagenesis. | volume =89 | issue =16 | pages =7811–5 | journal =Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi =10.1093/protein/6.3.327 | pmid =8506267 | year =1993 | last1 =Delagrave | first1 =S | last2 =Goldman | first2 =ER | last3 =Youvan | first3 =DC | title =Recursive ensemble mutagenesis. | volume =6 | issue =3 | pages =327–31 | journal =Protein engineering}}</ref> such as enzymes. At MIT, they discovered a pattern in the genetic code that is correlated with ] residue hydropathy and molar volume.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yang |first1=MM | last2=Coleman | first2=WJ |last3=Youvan |first3=DC |editor-first=Michel-Beyerle |editor-last=ME |title=Reaction centers of photosynthetic bacteria: Feldafing-II-Meeting |publisher=Springer-Verlag |location=Berlin |year=1990 |pages=209–18 |isbn=3-540-53420-2 |volume=6}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Füllen |first1=G |last2=Youvan |first2=DC |title=Genetic Algorithms and Recursive Ensemble Mutagenesis in Protein Engineering |journal=Complexity International |volume=1 |year=1994 |url=http://www.complexity.org.au/ci/vol01/fullen01/html/}}</ref> This observation can be compared with Frances Crick's declaration of the genetic code as being a ''frozen accident''.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90392-6 | last1 = Crick | first1 = FHC | volume =38 | issue = 3| pages =367–379| journal = J. Mol. Biol. | title = The origin of the genetic code | year = 1968 | pmid = 4887876 }}</ref>{{Syn|date=January 2011}}

Youvan is also an inventor in the fields of digital imaging spectroscopy for absorption spectra <ref>{{cite journal | doi =10.1038/nbt0890-746 | pmid =1366901 | year =1990 | last1 =Arkin | first1 =AP | last2 =Goldman | first2 =ER | last3 =Robles | first3 =SJ | last4 =Goddard | first4 =CA | last5 =Coleman | first5 =WJ | last6 =Yang | first6 =MM | last7 =Youvan | first7 =DC | title =Applications of imaging spectroscopy in molecular biology. II. Colony screening based on absorption spectra. | volume =8 | issue =8 | pages =746–9 | journal =Bio/technology (Nature Publishing Company)}}</ref> and fluorescence, including Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET).<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.et-al.com/pdf/document3.pdf | title = Calibration of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer in Microscopy Using Genetically Engineered GFP Derivatives on Nickel Chelating Beads}}</ref> As of 2011, his work is referenced <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.patentgenius.com/inventedby/YouvanDouglasCSanJoseCA.html |title=Douglas C. Youvan Patents |publisher=Patentgenius.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-07}}</ref> by a number of US patents and patent applications.


==References== ==References==
{{reflist|2}} {{reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
* *

*
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<!-- Metadata: see ] -->
{{Persondata
|NAME= Youvan, Douglas
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=] biophysicist mathematician
|DATE OF BIRTH= 1955
|PLACE OF BIRTH= ], ]
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Youvan, Douglas}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Youvan, Douglas}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
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Latest revision as of 08:12, 28 November 2024

American scientist
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Douglas Youvan
Douglas Youvan, 2010
Born (1955-01-29) January 29, 1955 (age 69)
Frontenac, Kansas
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of California, Berkeley
Scientific career
FieldsBiophysics
InstitutionsMIT and Kairos Scientific Inc.

Douglas Charles Youvan (born January 29, 1955) is an American scientist.

Biography

Youvan received an associate degree in electronics and a bachelor's degree in biology from Pittsburg State University. He received his Ph.D. degree in biophysics from UC Berkeley.

Youvan was an associate professor of chemistry at MIT, where he specialized in the study of photosynthesis, specifically the spectral analysis of photosynthetic bacteria. Youvan, along with Mary M. Yang, developed instrumentation to study the spectra of bacteria directly from a petri dish.

Research focus

In his 1981 Ph.D. thesis, Youvan found inhibitors (hypermodified nucleosides) of retroviral reverse transcriptase present in ribosomal RNA.

His work correctly predicted the secondary structure of the 11 transmembrane helices of the reaction center as confirmed by X-ray crystallography. In 1987 Youvan and E. Bylina constructed the first site-directed mutants of bacterial reaction centers.

References

  1. Youvan, DC; Hearst, JE (1979). "Reverse transcriptase pauses at N2-methylguanine during in vitro transcription of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 76 (8): 3751–4. Bibcode:1979PNAS...76.3751Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.76.8.3751. PMC 383911. PMID 91169.
  2. Youvan, DC; Hearst, JE (1981). "A sequence from Drosophila melanogaster 18S rRNA bearing the conserved hypermodified nucleoside am psi: analysis by reverse transcription and high-performance liquid chromatography". Nucleic Acids Research. 9 (7): 1723–41. doi:10.1093/nar/9.7.1723. PMC 326793. PMID 6164994.
  3. Govindjee (2005). Discoveries in Photosynthesis. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration. Vol. 20. Springer-Verlag. p. 58. ISBN 9781402033247.

External links

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