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{{Upscaled images|date=December 2024}}
{{Redirect-acronym|DOY|"day of year," called an ]}}
{{Short description|Title of nobility}}
{{about||the nursery rhyme|The Grand Old Duke of York|the ships|HMS Duke of York}}
{{about||several vessels|Duke of York (ship){{!}}''Duke of York'' (ship)|other uses}}
], the current Duke of York]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{See also|Duke of York's (disambiguation)}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2013}}
{{Infobox nobility title
| name = Dukedom of York
| image = Coat of Arms of Andrew, Duke of York.svg
| image_size = 180px
| alt =
| caption = ] of ]
| creation_date = 23 June 1986
| creation = Eighth
| monarch = ]<!-- monarch when title created (1986) -->
| peerage = ]
| baronetage =
| first_holder = ]
| last_holder =
| present_holder = ]
| heir_presumptive =
| remainder_to = the 1st Duke's ] ] lawfully begotten
| subsidiary_titles = {{plainlist|
*]
*]}}
| status = Extant
| extinction_date =
| family_seat = ]
| former_seat =
| motto =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Duke of York''' is a title of ] in the ]. Since the 15th ], it has, when granted, usually been given to the second son of ] (later ]) monarchs. The equivalent title in the Scottish peerage was ]. However, ] and ] granted the titles '']''.


Initially granted in the 14th century in the ], the title ''Duke of York'' has been created eight times. The title ''Duke of York and Albany'' has been created three times. These occurred during the 18th century, following the ] of the ] and ] into a single, united realm. The double naming was done so that a ] from each of the previously separate ] could be included.
The title '''Duke of York''' is a title of ] in the British ]. Since the 15th century, it has, when granted, usually been given to the second son of the ]. Since the second creation (1474), not one of the holders of the title has ever passed it on: they either died without male heirs or became King themselves.


The current Duke of York is ], second son of ]. Andrew currently has no male heirs and (since his 1996 divorce) is unmarried. The current Duke of York is ], the younger brother of ]. The present Duke's marriage produced two daughters, and he has remained unmarried since his 1996 divorce.


The succession to the throne is regulated not only through descent, but also by Parliamentary statute. The order of succession is the sequence of members of the Royal Family in the order in which they stand in line to the throne. Andrew is currently 8th in the line of succession to the throne. https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/succession
The wife of the Duke of York is known as the ].


==History== ==History==
In medieval times, ] was the main town of Northern England, and ] was England's largest ]. In the ], ] was the main city of the North of England and the ] of the ] from AD 735. ] is England's largest ] in area.


In the interval between the fall of Jorvik under ], last ], and the first creation of the Dukedom of York, there were a few ]. York under its Viking name "Jorvik" was a ] in the Early Medieval period. In the interval between the fall of independent Jorvik under ], last ] (d. 954), and the first creation of the Dukedom of York, there were a few ].


The title Duke of York was first created in the ] for ], the fourth surviving son of ], and an important character in ]'s '']''. His son ], who inherited the title, was killed at the ] in 1415. The title passed to his nephew Richard, the son of ] (who had been executed for plotting against ]). ] managed to obtain a restoration of the title, but when his eldest son, who inherited the title, became King in 1461 as ], the title merged into the Crown. The title Duke of York was first created in the ] in 1385 for ]. His son ], who inherited the title, was killed at the ] in 1415. The title passed to Edward's nephew ], the son of ] (who had been executed for plotting against ]). The younger Richard managed to obtain a restoration of the title, but when his eldest son, who inherited the title, became king in 1461 as ], the title ].


The title was next created for ], second son of King Edward IV. Richard was one of the ], and, as he died without heirs, the title became extinct at his death. The title was next created for ], second son of King Edward IV. Richard was one of the ], and, as he died without heirs, the title became extinct at his death.


The next creation was for Henry Tudor, second son of ]. When his elder brother ], died in 1502, Henry became heir to the throne. When Henry ultimately became ], his titles merged into the crown. The third creation was for Henry Tudor, second son of ]. When his elder brother ], died in 1502, Henry became heir-apparent to the throne. When Henry ultimately became ] in 1509, his titles merged into the crown.


The title was created for the fourth time for Charles Stuart, second son of ]. When his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, died in 1612, Charles became heir. He was created ] in 1616 and eventually became ] in 1625 when the title again merged into the Crown. The title was created for the fourth time for Charles Stuart, second son of ]. When his elder brother, ], died in 1612, Charles became heir-apparent. He was created ] in 1616 and eventually became ] in 1625 when the title again merged into the Crown.


The fifth creation was in favour of James Stuart, the second son of Charles I. The ] and ] of New York in what is now the ] were named for this particular Duke of York. When his elder brother, ], died without heirs, James succeeded to the throne as ], and the title once again merged into the Crown. The fifth creation was in favour of ], the second son of Charles I. ], its capital ], and ], were named for this particular Duke of Albany and York. In 1664, ] granted American territory between the ] and ] rivers to his younger brother James. Following its capture by the English the former Dutch territory of ] and its principal port, ], were named the ] and ] in James's honour. After the founding, the Duke gave part of the colony to proprietors ] and ]. ], {{convert|150|mi|km}} north on the ], was renamed ] after James's Scottish title.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552683/New_York.html |title=New York |access-date=2007-02-24 |encyclopedia=Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028213146/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552683/New_York.html |archive-date=2009-10-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=James II |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |access-date=2011-01-02 |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/299989/James-II}}</ref><ref name=miller44>Miller, 44–45</ref> When his elder brother, ], died without heirs, James succeeded to the throne as ] of England and King James VII of Scotland, and the title once again merged into the Crown.


During the 18th century the ] was created a number of times in the ]. The title was first held by ], the youngest brother of ]. He died without heirs, and the title reverted to the Crown. The second creation of the double dukedom was for ], younger brother of ], who also died without heirs, having never married. Again, the title reverted to the Crown. The third and last creation of the double dukedom was for ], the second son of King George III. He served as Commander-in-Chief of the ] for many years, and was the original "]" in the popular rhyme. He too died without legitimate heirs, leaving the title, once again, to revert to the Crown.
In the early 18th century, the ] claimant to the throne, ], son of James II, granted the title "Duke of York" (in the ]) to his own second son, ]. James Francis Edward Stuart was known to those who rejected his claims as "The Old Pretender"; his elder son ] was called "The Young Pretender", and "Bonnie Prince Charlie", and the younger son, Henry, who became a Roman Catholic cardinal, was known as the Cardinal Duke of York. To the Jacobites, they are Kings James III, Charles III, and Henry IX, respectively. (From the Jacobite perspective, this creation of the title merged into the Crown with Charles' death without legitimate issue, and Henry's succession to his rights.)


The sixth creation of the Dukedom of York (without being combined with Albany) was for Prince George, second son of the, then current, Prince of Wales, the future ]. He was created Duke of York following the death of his elder brother, ]. The title merged with the Crown when George succeeded his father as King George V.
During the 18th century the Dukedom of York and Albany was created a number of times in the ]. The title was first held by ], the youngest brother of ]. He died without heirs. The second creation of the Dukedom of York and Albany was for ], younger brother of ], who also died without heirs, having never married. The third and last creation of the Dukedom of York and Albany was for ], the second son of King George III. He served as Commander-in-Chief of the ] for many years, and was the original "]" in the popular rhyme. He too died without heirs.


The sixth creation of the Dukedom of York was for Prince George of Wales, second son of ], the future King Edward VII. He was created Duke of York following the death of his elder brother, ]. The title merged with the crown when George succeeded his father as King George V. The seventh creation was for Prince Albert, second son of King George V, and younger brother of the future ]. Albert came unexpectedly to the throne when his brother abdicated, and took the name ], the Dukedom then merging into the Crown.


The seventh creation was for Prince Albert, second son of King George V, and younger brother of the future ]. Albert came unexpectedly to the throne when his brother abdicated, and took the name George VI, the Dukedom then merging into the crown. The title was created for the eighth time for Prince Andrew, second son of Queen Elizabeth II. As of 2022, the only legitimate offspring are his two daughters from his marriage to ]. Thus, if he has no future (legitimate) sons, the title will again become extinct—reverting to the Crown—upon his death.


Aside from the first creation, every time the Dukedom of York has been created it has had only one occupant, that person either inheriting the throne or dying without male heirs.
The most recent creation was for Prince Andrew, second son of Queen Elizabeth II. As of the present day, he only has two daughters. Thus, if he has no future sons, which seems likely, the title will become extinct at his death. If the tradition of awarding the title to the second son of the monarch were to continue, the title would then be awarded to ], the younger son of ] and the late ], the current ] to the throne. Titles are traditionally given on marriage and if Harry's marriage predated Andrew's death, another title would presumably be awarded instead (following the precedent of the ] being awarded to the current Duke of York's brother, ], with the promise of the ] being granted to him at a later date, Prince Harry may be created an Earl with the expectation of being created Duke of York on his uncle's death).


=== Pretenders ===
Aside from the first creation, every time the Dukedom of York has been created it has had only one occupant, that person either inheriting the throne or dying without male heirs. This has fuelled the rumour that the title is cursed.
In the late 15th Century, ] unsuccessfully claimed the Crown by claiming the identity of Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York.

In the early 18th century, the eldest son of the overthrown King James II & VII and thus ] claimant to the throne, ], known to his opponents as the Old Pretender, granted the title "Duke of York" (in the ]) to his own second son, ], using his purported authority as King James III & VIII. Henry later became a cardinal in the Catholic church and is thus known as the Cardinal Duke of York. Since James was not recognised as king by English law, the grant is also not recognised as a legitimate creation.

==Dukes of York==
===First creation, 1385–1461===
{{Nobility table header|name=Duke}}
| ''']'''<br />1385–1402<ref></ref><br />''{{Small|also: ] (1362)}}''
| ]
| 5 June 1341<br />]<br />4th surviving son of King ] and ]
| ]<br />11 July 1372 - 23 December 1392<br />3 children<br /><br />]<br />{{circa|4 November 1393|lk=yes}}<br />no children
|
1 August 1402<br />]<br />aged 61


==Dukes==
===Dukes of York===
====First creation, 1385–1415, 1425–1461====
{{Dukes - table header}}
| ''']'''<br />] <small>(founder)</small><br>1385–1402<br />''<small>also: ] (1362)</small>'' || ] || 5 June 1341<br>]<br>son of ] and ]|| ]<br>1372<br>3 children<br><br>Joan de Holland<br>no children||
1 August 1402<br>]<br>aged 61
|- |-
| ''']'''<br>]<br>1402–1415<br />''<small>also: ] (1397–1399), ] (1362–1414), ] (1390–1402), ] (c. 1396)</small>'' || ] || 1373<br>]<br>son of ] and ]||]<br>no children||25 October 1415<br>]<br>aged 42 | ''']'''<br />1402–1415<ref></ref><br />''{{Small|also: ] (1397–1399), ] (1362–1414), ] (1390–1402), ] (c. 1396)}}''
| ]
| 1373<br />]<br />son of 1st Duke by his first wife ]
| ]<br />no children
| 25 October 1415<br />]<br />aged 42

|- |-
| ''']'''<br />1415–1460<ref></ref><br />''{{Small|also: ], ] and ], ] (1460, see ]); ] (1264), ] (1328), ] (1414, restored 1426), feudal Lord of Clare (bt. 1066–1075), ] (1331)}}''
| colspan="5" | ''Edward of Norwich's brother, Richard of Conisburgh, had been attainted and executed for treason in August 1415. This attainture stood in the way of his son Richard Plantagenet succeeding Edward until the king deemed it prudent to restore them.''
| ]
|-
| 21 September 1411<br />Nephew of 2nd Duke and son of ] (] and executed for treason in August 1415) and ]; restored in blood
| ''']'''<br>]<br>1425–1460<br />''<small>also: ] (1264), ] (1328), ] (1414, restored 1426), feudal Lord of Clare (bt. 1066–1075), ] (1331)</small>'' || ] || 21 September 1411<br>son of ] and ]||]<br>1437<br>13 children||30 December 1460<br>]<br>aged 49
| ]<br />1437<br />13 children
|-
| 30 December 1460<br />]<br />aged 49
| ''']'''<br>]<br>1460–1461<br />''<small>also: ] (1264), ] (1328), ] (1414), feudal Lord of Clare (bt. 1066–1075), ] (1331)</small>'' || ] || 28 April 1442<br>]<br>son of ] and ]||]<br>1 May 1464<br>10 children||9 April 1483<br>]<br>aged 40
|-
| colspan="5" | ''Edward Plantagenet seized the throne as ''']''' in 1461, and all of his titles merged with the crown.''
|}


====Second creation, 1474–1483====
{{Dukes - table header}}
|- |-
| ''']'''<br />1460–1461<ref></ref><br />''{{Small|also: ] (1264), ] (1328), ] (1414), feudal Lord of Clare (bt. 1066–1075), ] (1331)}}''
| ''']'''<br>]<br>1474–1483<br />''<small>also: ] (1477), ] (1476), possibly ] (1477)</small>'' || ] ||17 August 1473<br>]<br>son of ] and ]||]<br>15 January 1478<br>no children||unknown
| ]
| 28 April 1442<br />]<br />son of 3rd Duke by his wife ]
| ]<br />1 May 1464<br />10 children
| 9 April 1483<br />]<br />aged 40
|- |-
|Colspan=5|''Edward Plantagenet seized the throne in 1461 as '''Edward IV''' and the title of duke merged in the crown.''
| colspan="5" | ''How Richard died is a controversial, frequently debated topic and there is no solid evidence for his date, age or place of death, though he was incarcerated in the ] along with his brother, becoming popularly known as one of the ]. It is most likely that he died without issue, and his titles became extinct''
|} |}


====Third creation, 1494–1509==== ===Second creation, 1474===
{{Dukes - table header}} {{Nobility table header|name=Duke}}
|-
| ''']'''<br>]<br>1494–1509<br />''<small>also: ] and ] (1504), ] (1337)</small>'' || ] || 28 June 1491<br>]<br>son of ] and ] || ]<br>11 June 1509<br>1 child

] <br> 25 January 1533 <br> 1 child

] <br> 30 May 1536 <br> 1 child

] <br> 6 January 1540 <br> no children


| ''']'''<br />1474–1483<br />''{{Small|also: ] (1477), ] (1477), ] (1476), possibly ] (1477)}}''
] <br> 28 July 1540 <br> no children
| ]

|17 August 1473<br />]<br />Second son of King ] and ]
] <br> 12 July 1543 <br> no children
| ]<br />15 January 1478<br />no children
|| 28 January 1547<br>]<br>aged 55
| Disappeared in the ], with his older brother, the "]".
|- |-
|Colspan=5|''Richard disappeared without known issue and the title of duke became extinct.''
| colspan="5" | ''Henry's older brother ] predeceased their father, so Henry was made ] and succeeded his father as ''']''' in 1509, and all of his titles merged with the crown''
|} |}


====Fourth creation, 1605–1625==== ===Third creation, 1494===
{{Dukes - table header}} {{Nobility table header|name=Duke}}

|- |-
| ''']'''<br />1494–1509<ref>Scarisbrick, J. J. (1997). Henry VIII (2nd ed.). Yale University Press. {{ISBN|0300071582}}.</ref><br />''{{Small|also: ] (1504), ] (1502)}}''
| ''']'''<br>(''"Saint Charles the Martyr"'')<br>]<br>1605–1625<br />''<small>also: Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1616), Duke of Cornwall (1337), ] (1398), ], ] (1600), Earl of Carrick (1398), ] (1600), Baron Renfrew (1398), ] (1600), Lord of the Isles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland (1398)</small>'' || ] || 19 November 1600<br>]<br>son of ] and ] || ]<br>13 June 1625<br>9 children|| 30 January 1649<br>]<br>aged 48
| ]
| 28 June 1491<br />], ]<br />son of ] and ]
| ]<br />11 June 1509 – 23 May 1533<br />(])<br />1 surviving daughter, others stillborn or briefly-lived<br /><br />]<br />25 January 1533 – 17 May 1536<br />(annulment)<br />1 daughter<br /><br />]<br />30 May 1536 – 24 October 1537<br />1 son<br /><br />]<br />6 January 1540 – 9 July 1540<br />(annulment)<br />no children<br /><br />]<br />28 July 1540 – 23 November 1541<br />no children<br /><br />]<br />12 July 1543<br />no children
| 28 January 1547<br />], ]<br />aged 55
|- |-
|Colspan=5|''Henry succeeded as '''Henry VIII''' in 1509 upon his father's death and the title of duke merged with the crown.''
| colspan="5" | ''Charles' older brother ] predeceased their father, so Charles was made ], and went on to succeed as ''']''' in 1625, when his titles all merged with the crowns''
|} |}


====Fifth creation, (1633) 1644–1685==== ===Fourth creation, 1605===
{{Dukes - table header}} {{Nobility table header|name=Duke}}

| ''']'''<br>]<br>1633/1644–1685<br />''<small>also: ] (1660), ] (1659)</small>'' || ] || 14 October 1633<br>]<br>son of ] and ]||]<br>3 September 1660<br>8 children<br><br>]<br>21 November 1673<br>7 children || 16 September 1701<br>]<br>aged 67
|- |-
| ''']'''<br />1605–1625<ref>Gregg, Pauline (1981), King Charles I, London: Dent</ref><br />{{Small|''also: ] (1600);<br />] (1616), ] and ] (1612)''}}
| colspan="5" | ''Prince James was styled ''Duke of York'' from birth and officially created as such in 1644. When his brother died without legitimate male issue, James succeeded as ''']''' in 1685, and his titles merged with the crowns''
| ]
|}
| 19 November 1600<br />], ]<br />son of ] and ]
===Dukes of York and Albany===
| ]<br />13 June 1625<br />9 children
After the ] of ], the Hanoverian kings liked to grant double titles (one from one ], one from another) to emphasise unity.
| 30 January 1649<br />], ]<br />aged 48
====First creation, 1716–1728====
{{Dukes - table header}}
| ''']'''<br>]<br>1716–1728<br />''<small>also: ] (1715–1728), ] (1716)</small>'' || ] || 7 September 1674<br>]<br>son of ] and ]||never married|| 14 August 1728<br>]<br>aged 53
|- |-
|Colspan=5|''Charles succeeded as '''Charles I''' in 1625 upon ]'s death and the title of duke merged with the crown.''
| colspan="5" | ''Prince Ernest was the younger brother of ] and died without issue''
|} |}


====Second creation, 1760–1767==== ===Fifth creation, 1633/1644===

{{Dukes - table header}}
James was styled Duke of York from birth and officially created as such in 1644.
| ''']'''<br>]<br>1760–1767<br />''<small>also: ] (1760)</small>'' || ] || 25 March 1739<br>]<br>son of ] and ]||never married|| 17 September 1767<br>]<br>aged 28

{{Nobility table header|name=Duke}}
| ''']'''<br />1633/1644–1685<ref name="Callow, John 2000">Callow, John, The Making of King James II: The Formative Years of a King, Sutton Publishing, Ltd, Stroud, Gloucestershire, 2000. Page</ref><br />''{{Small|also: ] (1660), ] (1659)}}''
| ]
| 14 October 1633<br />], ]<br />son of ] and ]
| ]<br />3 September 1660<br />8 children<br /><br />]<br />21 November 1673<br />7 children
| 16 September 1701<br />], ]<br />aged 67
|- |-
|Colspan=5|''James succeeded as '''James II''' in 1685 upon ]'s death and the title of duke merged with the crown.''
| colspan="5" | ''Rather than the second son of the sovereign, Prince Edward was the second son of ], and the younger brother of ]. Edward died without issue while still in his 20s after a short illness''
|} |}


====Third creation, 1784–1827==== ===Jacobite creation, 1725===
{{Dukes - table header}} {{Nobility table header|name=Duke}}
| ''']'''<br />1725–1788<ref name="Callow, John 2000"/><br />''{{Small|also: ] (1747), ] (1803)}}''
| ''']'''<br>]<br>1784–1827<br />''<small>also: ] (1784)</small>'' || ] || 16 August 1763<br>]<br>son of ] and ]|| ]<br>29 September 1791<br>No children|| 5 January 1827<br>]<br>aged 63
| ]
| 6 March 1725<br />]<br />]<br />]<br />son of ] and ]
| ____
| 13 July 1807<br />], ]<br />aged 82
|- |-
|Colspan=5|''Henry succeeded his brother as ] to the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland in 1788, calling himself "Henry IX", but was not recognized in Britain as a Duke, let alone as King.''
| colspan="5" | ''Prince Frederick separated from his only wife Frederica Charlotte (with whom he had no children) but was rumoured to have fathered several illegitimate children''
|} |}


===Dukes of York=== ===Sixth creation, 1892===

After ] decided against awarding the available dukedom to ] as was traditional (possibly due to its Hanoverian connections), she eventually granted the dukedom of York (alone, rather than "York and Albany") to her eldest son's second (but by then eldest living) son.
{| class="wikitable"
====Sixth creation, 1892–1910====
!Duchess
{{Dukes - table header}}
!Portrait
| ''']'''<br>]<br>1892–1910<br />''<small>also: Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester (1901), Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick (1398), ] (1600), Baron Renfrew (1398), ] (1892), Lord of the Isles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland (1398)</small>'' || ] || 3 June 1865<br>]<br>son of ] and ]|| ]<br>6 July 1893<br>6 children|| 20 January 1936<br>]<br>aged 70
!Birth
!Marriage(s)
!Death
!Arms
|- |-
| ''']'''<br />]<br />1892–1910<br />''{{Small|also: ] and ] (1892);<br />], ], and ] (1901)}}''
| colspan="5" | ''Prince George became ''']''' in 1910, and his titles merged with the crown''
| ]
| 3 June 1865<br />]<br />son of ] and ]
| ]<br />6 July 1893<br />6 children
| 20 January 1936<br />], ]<br />aged 70
|]
|-
| colspan="6" |''George succeeded as '''George V''' in 1910 upon ]'s death and the title of duke merged with the crown.''
|} |}


====Seventh creation, 1920–1936==== ===Seventh creation, 1920===

{{Dukes - table header}}
{| class="wikitable"
| ''']'''<br>]<br>1920–1936<br />''<small>also: Earl of Inverness, Baron Killarney (1920)</small>'' || ] || 14 December 1895<br>]<br>son of ] and ]|| ]<br>26 April 1923<br>2 children || 6 February 1952<br>Sandringham House<br>aged 56
!Duchess
!Portrait
!Birth
!Marriage(s)
!Death
!Arms
|- |-
| '''] '''<br />]<br />1920–1936<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/31931/supplement/6313|title = Page 6313 &#124; Supplement 31931, 4 June 1920 &#124; London Gazette &#124; the Gazette}}</ref><br />''{{Small|also: ] and ] (1920)}}''
| colspan="5" | ''Prince Albert succeeded as ''']''' upon ]'s ], and his titles merged with the crown''
| ]
| 14 December 1895<br />], ]<br />son of ] and ]
| ]<br />26 April 1923<br />2 daughters
| 6 February 1952<br />], ]<br />aged 56
|]
|-
| colspan="6" |''Albert succeeded as '''George VI''' in 1936 upon ]'s ] and the title of duke merged with the crown. As Albert had no male issue, the title would have gone extinct in any case, even if he had not become king.''
|} |}


====Eighth creation, 1986–Present==== ===Eighth creation, 1986===

{{Dukes - table header}}
{| class="wikitable"
| ''']'''<br>]<br>1986–present<br />''<small>also: Earl of Inverness, ] (1986)</small>'' || ] || 19 February 1960<br>]<br>son of ] and ]|| ]<br>23 July 1986 – May 30, 1996 <br> (])<br>2 children || current holder
!Duchess
!Portrait
!Birth
!Marriage(s)
!Death
!Arms
|- |-
| ''']'''<br/>]<br/>1986<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/50606/supplement/1|title = Page 1 &#124; Supplement 50606, 23 July 1986 &#124; London Gazette &#124; the Gazette}}–present</ref><br/>''{{Small|also: ] and ] (1986)}}''
| colspan="5" | ''Prince Andrew has no sons.''
| ]
| 19 February 1960<br/>]<br />son of ] and ]
| ]<br />23 July 1986 – 30 May 1996<br/>(])<br/>2 daughters
| {{Spaced ndash}}<br/> now {{age in years and days|1960|2|19}} old
|]
|-
| colspan="6" |''Prince Andrew has no male heirs as of 2024 and all his titles will become extinct on his death.''
|} |}


== Family trees ==
====Possible future of the title====
{{Dukes of York and Albany family tree}}
Under current law the eighth creation will become extinct on Andrew's death (unless he remarries and has a son), and the then monarch may then recreate the title; if he (or she) follows tradition, he may create his own second son Duke of York. If Charles is king, the title would thus go to his second son ]. However, if by this time Prince Harry has already received a Dukedom (such as ] or ]), the title might be reserved for future use. Additionally, the large age gap between ] and ] decreases the likelihood that the title would even be available for Charles to grant if he were to be king.
{{Royal dukes family tree}}


==Places and things named after the dukes of York==
The dukedoms of York, ], ], ] and ] compose the original group created between 1337 and 1385. Prince Charles is the Duke of Cornwall; The Queen is the Duke of Lancaster; and her cousin ] is the Duke of Gloucester. The only one of these titles not currently extant is Clarence, last held by ]'s grandson who died in 1892.
===Geographic features===
====Southern hemisphere====
* ], Australia<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cape-York|title=Cape York|publisher= Encyclopaedia Britannica|access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref>
* ]
* ]
* ], Papua New Guinea
====Canada====
* ], Canada
* ], Canada


==External links== ===Political entities===
====Canada====
*
* ], now Toronto, Ontario<ref>{{cite book | last = Scadding | first = Henry | author-link = Henry Scadding | year=1873 |publisher = ] | location = ] | url = https://archive.org/details/ytorontoofoldcol00scad | title = Toronto of old: collections and recollections illustrative of the early settlement and social life of the capital of Ontario | page = | access-date = 13 December 2017}}</ref>
* ], Canada<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.gnb.ca/Exhibits/Communities/CountyListing.aspx?culture=en-CA&county=15|title=York County|work=Where is Home? New Brunswick Communities Past and Present|publisher=Provincial Archives of New Brunswick|access-date=13 December 2017}}</ref>

====United States====
* ], a U.S. state<ref name=NewYork>{{cite web|url=http://www.empirestatehistory.com/New_York_Under_The_Duke_of_York.html|title=New York Under The Duke of York|publisher=Empire State History|access-date=13 December 2017|archive-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103075157/http://www.empirestatehistory.com/New_York_Under_The_Duke_of_York.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* ], the largest city in the state of New York.<ref name=NewYork/>

===Schools===
* ], Dover, Kent, United Kingdom
* ], ], renamed Lenana School after Kenya attained independence in 1963.

===Pubs===
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]

===Ships===
*], a 4-gun ] purchased in 1763 and sold in 1776
*], a ''King George V''-class battleship launched in 1940, and broken up in 1958
*]
*]
*]
*]

===Railroad Equipment===
* ''Duke of York'' was one of the ] locomotives that were built for and run on the ] between 1891 and 1915.

===Military Music===
There is also military march titled Duke of York which is used as an inspection piece or slow march. It is in 4/4 time, D Major with a form of AABBCCDD. Gordon Ashman in 1991 maintains that the melody was composed in 1805, soon after the Duke of York became Colonel of the Grenadier Guards, and notes it is still in use today as a regimental slow-march. James Merryweather however, researched the melody and found it was composed by John Gamidge in 1789, to be played by the York Waits.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hU0PqAZLeew
<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hU0PqAZLeew | title=The Duke of York March | website=] | date=26 March 2016 }}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
* ] *]
* ], a subsidiary title of the current creation *]
*], a subsidiary title of the current creation
*], a subsidiary title of the current creation
* ], created Duke of York by ] in 1725. Recognised as Duke of York by the ], ], ], and ]. Died without issue in 1807.
*], created Duke of York in the ] by his father ] in 1725. Living in Italy as a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, he called himself the "Cardinal Duke of York" (or "Cardinal called Duke of York") for most of his life and was recognised as such by the ], ], ], and ]. He became the ] himself as "Henry IX" in 1788. The last ] of ], his grandfather, he died without issue in 1807.


==References==
Places named after Dukes of York:
{{Reflist|2}}
* ], Canada
* ], Canada
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* New York (both the ] and ])


==Sources==
Other uses of as a name:
* Miller, John (2000). ''James II'', 3rd ed. {{ISBN|0-300-08728-4}}.
* ''Duke of York'' was one of the ] locomotives that were built for and run on the Great Western Railway between 1891 and 1915.

==External links==
* at the Royal Family website


{{Dukes of York|*}} {{Dukes of York|*}}
{{British royal titles}} {{British royal titles}}
{{Extant British dukedoms}} {{Extant British dukedoms}}
{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 23:49, 4 January 2025

This article includes historical images which have been upscaled by an AI process. This will have introduced speculative and possibly inaccurate details. Such images should be replaced with their original versions. (December 2024)
Title of nobility For several vessels, see Duke of York (ship). For other uses, see Duke of York (disambiguation).

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Dukedom of York
Arms of Prince Andrew, Duke of York
Creation date23 June 1986
CreationEighth
Created byQueen Elizabeth II
PeeragePeerage of the United Kingdom
First holderEdmund of Langley
Present holderPrince Andrew
Remainder tothe 1st Duke's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten
Subsidiary titles
StatusExtant
Seat(s)Royal Lodge

Duke of York is a title of nobility in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Since the 15th century, it has, when granted, usually been given to the second son of English (later British) monarchs. The equivalent title in the Scottish peerage was Duke of Albany. However, King George II and King George III granted the titles Duke of York and Albany.

Initially granted in the 14th century in the Peerage of England, the title Duke of York has been created eight times. The title Duke of York and Albany has been created three times. These occurred during the 18th century, following the 1707 unification of the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland into a single, united realm. The double naming was done so that a territorial designation from each of the previously separate realms could be included.

The current Duke of York is Prince Andrew, the younger brother of King Charles III. The present Duke's marriage produced two daughters, and he has remained unmarried since his 1996 divorce.

The succession to the throne is regulated not only through descent, but also by Parliamentary statute. The order of succession is the sequence of members of the Royal Family in the order in which they stand in line to the throne. Andrew is currently 8th in the line of succession to the throne. https://www.royal.uk/encyclopedia/succession

History

In the Middle Ages, York was the main city of the North of England and the see of the Archbishop of York from AD 735. Yorkshire is England's largest shire in area.

York under its Viking name "Jorvik" was a petty kingdom in the Early Medieval period. In the interval between the fall of independent Jorvik under Eric Bloodaxe, last king of Jorvik (d. 954), and the first creation of the Dukedom of York, there were a few earls of York.

The title Duke of York was first created in the Peerage of England in 1385 for Edmund of Langley. His son Edward, who inherited the title, was killed at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. The title passed to Edward's nephew Richard, the son of Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (who had been executed for plotting against King Henry V). The younger Richard managed to obtain a restoration of the title, but when his eldest son, who inherited the title, became king in 1461 as Edward IV, the title merged into the Crown.

The title was next created for Richard of Shrewsbury, second son of King Edward IV. Richard was one of the Princes in the Tower, and, as he died without heirs, the title became extinct at his death.

The third creation was for Henry Tudor, second son of King Henry VII. When his elder brother Arthur, Prince of Wales, died in 1502, Henry became heir-apparent to the throne. When Henry ultimately became King Henry VIII in 1509, his titles merged into the crown.

The title was created for the fourth time for Charles Stuart, second son of James I. When his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, died in 1612, Charles became heir-apparent. He was created Prince of Wales in 1616 and eventually became Charles I in 1625 when the title again merged into the Crown.

The fifth creation was in favour of James Stuart, the second son of Charles I. New York, its capital Albany, and New York City, were named for this particular Duke of Albany and York. In 1664, Charles II of England granted American territory between the Delaware and Connecticut rivers to his younger brother James. Following its capture by the English the former Dutch territory of New Netherland and its principal port, New Amsterdam, were named the Province and City of New York in James's honour. After the founding, the Duke gave part of the colony to proprietors George Carteret and John Berkeley. Fort Orange, 150 miles (240 km) north on the Hudson River, was renamed Albany after James's Scottish title. When his elder brother, King Charles II, died without heirs, James succeeded to the throne as King James II of England and King James VII of Scotland, and the title once again merged into the Crown.

During the 18th century the double dukedom of York and Albany was created a number of times in the Peerage of Great Britain. The title was first held by Duke Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Bishop of Osnabrück, the youngest brother of King George I. He died without heirs, and the title reverted to the Crown. The second creation of the double dukedom was for Prince Edward, younger brother of King George III, who also died without heirs, having never married. Again, the title reverted to the Crown. The third and last creation of the double dukedom was for Prince Frederick Augustus, the second son of King George III. He served as Commander-in-Chief of the British Army for many years, and was the original "Grand old Duke of York" in the popular rhyme. He too died without legitimate heirs, leaving the title, once again, to revert to the Crown.

The sixth creation of the Dukedom of York (without being combined with Albany) was for Prince George, second son of the, then current, Prince of Wales, the future King Edward VII. He was created Duke of York following the death of his elder brother, Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale. The title merged with the Crown when George succeeded his father as King George V.

The seventh creation was for Prince Albert, second son of King George V, and younger brother of the future King Edward VIII. Albert came unexpectedly to the throne when his brother abdicated, and took the name George VI, the Dukedom then merging into the Crown.

The title was created for the eighth time for Prince Andrew, second son of Queen Elizabeth II. As of 2022, the only legitimate offspring are his two daughters from his marriage to Sarah, Duchess of York. Thus, if he has no future (legitimate) sons, the title will again become extinct—reverting to the Crown—upon his death.

Aside from the first creation, every time the Dukedom of York has been created it has had only one occupant, that person either inheriting the throne or dying without male heirs.

Pretenders

In the late 15th Century, Perkin Warbeck unsuccessfully claimed the Crown by claiming the identity of Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York.

In the early 18th century, the eldest son of the overthrown King James II & VII and thus Jacobite claimant to the throne, James Francis Edward Stuart, known to his opponents as the Old Pretender, granted the title "Duke of York" (in the Jacobite Peerage) to his own second son, Henry, using his purported authority as King James III & VIII. Henry later became a cardinal in the Catholic church and is thus known as the Cardinal Duke of York. Since James was not recognised as king by English law, the grant is also not recognised as a legitimate creation.

Dukes of York

First creation, 1385–1461

Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Edmund of Langley
1385–1402
also: Earl of Cambridge (1362) 		Edmund of Langley 5 June 1341
Kings Langley
4th surviving son of King Edward III and Philippa of Hainault 		Isabella of Castile
11 July 1372 - 23 December 1392
3 children

Joan Holland
c. 4 November 1393
no children

1 August 1402
Epworth, Lincolnshire
aged 61

Edward of Norwich
1402–1415
also: Duke of Aumale (1397–1399), Earl of Cambridge (1362–1414), Earl of Rutland (1390–1402), Earl of Cork (c. 1396) 		Edward of Norwich 1373
Norwich
son of 1st Duke by his first wife Isabella of Castile 		Philippa de Mohun
no children 		25 October 1415
Battle of Agincourt
aged 42
Richard of York
1415–1460
also: Lord Protector of England, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall (1460, see Act of Accord); Earl of Ulster (1264), Earl of March (1328), Earl of Cambridge (1414, restored 1426), feudal Lord of Clare (bt. 1066–1075), Baron Mortimer of Wigmore (1331) 		21 September 1411
Nephew of 2nd Duke and son of Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (attainted and executed for treason in August 1415) and Anne de Mortimer; restored in blood 		Cecily Neville
1437
13 children 		30 December 1460
Wakefield
aged 49
Edward Plantagenet
1460–1461
also: Earl of Ulster (1264), Earl of March (1328), Earl of Cambridge (1414), feudal Lord of Clare (bt. 1066–1075), Baron Mortimer of Wigmore (1331) 		Edward Plantagenet 28 April 1442
Rouen
son of 3rd Duke by his wife Cecily Neville 		Elizabeth Woodville
1 May 1464
10 children 		9 April 1483
Westminster
aged 40
Edward Plantagenet seized the throne in 1461 as Edward IV and the title of duke merged in the crown.

Second creation, 1474

Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Richard of Shrewsbury
1474–1483
also: Duke of Norfolk (1477), Earl of Norfolk (1477), Earl of Nottingham (1476), possibly Earl of Warenne (1477) 		Richard of Shrewsbury 17 August 1473
Shrewsbury
Second son of King Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville 		Anne de Mowbray
15 January 1478
no children 		Disappeared in the Tower of London, with his older brother, the "Princes in the Tower".
Richard disappeared without known issue and the title of duke became extinct.

Third creation, 1494

Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Henry Tudor
1494–1509
also: Prince of Wales (1504), Duke of Cornwall (1502) 		Henry Tudor 28 June 1491
Greenwich Palace, London
son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York 		Catherine of Aragon
11 June 1509 – 23 May 1533
(annulment)
1 surviving daughter, others stillborn or briefly-lived

Anne Boleyn
25 January 1533 – 17 May 1536
(annulment)
1 daughter

Jane Seymour
30 May 1536 – 24 October 1537
1 son

Anne of Cleves
6 January 1540 – 9 July 1540
(annulment)
no children

Catherine Howard
28 July 1540 – 23 November 1541
no children

Catherine Parr
12 July 1543
no children 		28 January 1547
Whitehall Palace, London
aged 55
Henry succeeded as Henry VIII in 1509 upon his father's death and the title of duke merged with the crown.

Fourth creation, 1605

Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Charles Stuart
1605–1625
also: Duke of Albany (1600);
Prince of Wales (1616), Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay (1612) 		Charles Stuart 19 November 1600
Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline
son of James I and Anne of Denmark 		Henrietta Maria of France
13 June 1625
9 children 		30 January 1649
Whitehall Palace, London
aged 48
Charles succeeded as Charles I in 1625 upon his father's death and the title of duke merged with the crown.

Fifth creation, 1633/1644

James was styled Duke of York from birth and officially created as such in 1644.

Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
James Stuart
1633/1644–1685
also: Duke of Albany (1660), Earl of Ulster (1659) 		James Stuart 14 October 1633
St. James's Palace, London
son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France 		Anne Hyde
3 September 1660
8 children

Mary of Modena
21 November 1673
7 children 		16 September 1701
Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris
aged 67
James succeeded as James II in 1685 upon his brother's death and the title of duke merged with the crown.

Jacobite creation, 1725

Duke Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death
Henry Benedict Stuart
1725–1788
also: Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church (1747), Dean of the College of Cardinals (1803) 		Cardinal Stuart 6 March 1725
Palazzo Muti
Rome
Papal States
son of "James III and VIII" (Jacobite Pretender) and Maria Clementina Sobieska 		____ 13 July 1807
Frascati, Rome
aged 82
Henry succeeded his brother as Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland in 1788, calling himself "Henry IX", but was not recognized in Britain as a Duke, let alone as King.

Sixth creation, 1892

Duchess Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death Arms
George Frederick Ernest Albert
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1892–1910
also: Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney (1892);
Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall, and Duke of Rothesay (1901) 		Prince George 3 June 1865
Marlborough House
son of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark 		Mary of Teck
6 July 1893
6 children 		20 January 1936
Sandringham House, Sandringham
aged 70
George succeeded as George V in 1910 upon his father's death and the title of duke merged with the crown.

Seventh creation, 1920

Duchess Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death Arms
Albert Frederick Arthur George
House of Windsor
1920–1936
also: Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney (1920) 		14 December 1895
Sandringham House, Sandringham
son of George V and Mary of Teck 		Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
26 April 1923
2 daughters 		6 February 1952
Sandringham House, Sandringham
aged 56
Albert succeeded as George VI in 1936 upon his brother's abdication and the title of duke merged with the crown. As Albert had no male issue, the title would have gone extinct in any case, even if he had not become king.

Eighth creation, 1986

Duchess Portrait Birth Marriage(s) Death Arms
Andrew Albert Christian Edward
House of Windsor
1986
also: Earl of Inverness and Baron Killyleagh (1986) 		19 February 1960
Buckingham Palace
son of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh 		Sarah Ferguson
23 July 1986 – 30 May 1996
(divorce)
2 daughters 		 –
now 64 years, 333 days old
Prince Andrew has no male heirs as of 2024 and all his titles will become extinct on his death.

Family trees

Family tree: Dukes of York, Dukes of Albany, Dukes of York and Albany, and Earls of Ulster
Earl of Ulster (1st Irish creation), 1205
Hugh de Lacy
c. 1176–1271
Earl of Ulster
Earl of Ulster (2nd Irish creation), 1264
Maud de LacyWalter de Burgh
c. 1210–1271
1st Earl of Ulster, 2nd Lord of Connaught
Richard Óg de Burgh
1259–1326
2nd Earl of Ulster
John de Burgh
d. 1313
King Robert II
1316–1390		King Edward III
1312–1377		William Donn de Burgh
1312–1333
3rd Earl of Ulster
Lionel of Antwerp
1338–1368
Duke of Clarence, Earl of Ulster (jure uxoris)		Elizabeth de Burgh
1332–1363
suo jure 4th Countess of Ulster
Duke of Albany (1st creation), 1398Duke of York (1st creation), 1385
King Robert III
1337–1406		Robert Stewart
c. 1340–1420
1st Duke of Albany		Edmund of Langley
1341–1402
1st Duke of York		Philippa of Clarence
1355–1382
5th Countess of Ulster
Murdoch Stewart
1362–1425
2nd Duke of Albany		Roger Mortimer
1374–1398
6th Earl of Ulster
Dukedom of Albany (1st creation) forfeit, 1425
Edward of Norwich
1373–1415
2nd Duke of York		Richard of Conisburgh
1375–1415
Earl of Cambridge		Anne de Mortimer
1388–c. 1411		Edmund Mortimer
1391–1425
7th Earl of Ulster
Dukedom of York (1st creation) forfeit, 1415
Duke of York (1st creation) restored, 1425
King James I
1394–1437		Richard of York
1411–1460
3rd Duke of York, 8th Earl of Ulster
King James II
1430–1460		Prince Edward
1442–1483
4th Duke of York, 9th Earl of Ulster
Later King Edward IV
Dukedom of York (1st creation) and Earldom of Ulster (2nd Irish creation) merged in the Crown, 1461
Duke of Albany (2nd creation), 1458Duke of York (2nd creation), 1474
Alexander Stewart
1454–1485
1st Duke of Albany		King James III
1451–1488		Elizabeth of York
1466–1503		Richard of Shrewsbury
1473–1483
Duke of York
Dukedom of Albany (2nd creation) forfeit, 1479
Dukedom of Albany (2nd creation) restored, 1482
Dukedom of Albany (2nd creation) forfeited, 1483		Dukedom of York (2nd creation) extinct, 1483
Duke of Albany (2nd creation) restored, 1515Duke of York (3rd creation), 1494
John Stewart
1484–1536
2nd Duke of Albany		King James IV
1473–1513		Margaret Tudor
1489–1541		Prince Henry
1491–1547
Duke of York
Later King Henry VIII
Dukedom of Albany (2nd creation) extinct, 1536Dukedom of York (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 1509
King James V
1512–1542
Duke of Albany (3rd creation), 1565
James
1540–1541
Duke of Rothesay		Prince Arthur Stewart
1541
styled Duke of Albany		Mary, Queen of Scots
1542–1587		Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
1545–1567
1st Duke of Albany
Prince James
1566–1625
2nd Duke of Albany
Later King James VI & I
Dukedom of Albany (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 1567
Duke of Albany (4th creation), 1604
Duke of York (4th creation), 1605
Henry Frederick
1594–1612
Prince of Wales		Elizabeth Stuart
1596–1662		Prince Charles
1600–1649
Duke of Albany, Duke of York, Prince of Wales
Later King Charles I
Dukedom of York (4th creation) merged in the Crown, 1625
Dukedom of Albany (4th creation) merged in the Crown, 1625
Duke of York (5th creation) 1644
Earl of Ulster (3rd Irish creation), 1659
Duke of Albany (5th creation), 1660
Sophia of Hanover
1630–1714		King Charles II
1630–1685		James Stuart
1633–1701
Duke of York, Duke of Albany, Earl of Ulster
Later King James II
Dukedom of Albany (5th creation), Dukedom of York (5th creation), Earldom of Ulster (3rd Irish creation) merged in the Crown, 1685
Duke of York and Albany (1st creation) and Earl of Ulster (4th Irish creation), 1716
King George I
1660–1727		Ernest Augustus
1674–1728
Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück, Duke of York and Albany, Earl of Ulster
Dukedom of York and Albany (1st creation) and Earldom of Ulster (4th Irish creation) extinct, 1728
King George II
1683–1760
Prince Frederick Louis
1707–1751
Duke of Gloucester, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince of Wales
Duke of York and Albany (2nd creation) and Earl of Ulster (5th Irish creation), 1760
King George III
1738–1820		Prince Edward
1739–1767
Duke of York and Albany
Dukedom of York and Albany (2nd creation) and Earldom of Ulster (5th Irish creation) extinct, 1767
Duke of York and Albany (3rd creation) and Earl of Ulster (6th Irish creation), 1784Earl of Inverness (1st creation), and Baron Arklow (1st creation), 1801
King George IV
1762–1830		Prince Frederick
1763–1827
Duke of York and Albany		Prince Edward
1767–1820
Duke of Kent and Strathearn		Prince Augustus Frederick
1773–1843
Duke of Sussex, Earl of Inverness, Baron Arklow
Dukedom of York and Albany (3rd creation) and Earldom of Ulster (6th Irish creation) extinct, 1827Earldom of Inverness and Barony Arklow extinct, 1843
Queen Victoria
1819–1901
Earl of Ulster (1st UK creation), 1866Duke of Albany (6th creation), Earl of Clarence, and Baron Arklow (2nd creation), 1881
King Edward VII
1841–1910		Prince Alfred Ernest Albert
1844–1900
Duke of Edinburgh, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Earl of Ulster		Prince Leopold
1853–1884
Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, 1st Duke of Albany, 1st Earl of Clarence, 1st Baron Arklow
Earldom of Ulster (1st UK creation) extinct, 1900
Duke of York (6th creation), Earl of Inverness (2nd creation) and Baron Killarney (1st creation), 1892
Prince Albert Victor
1864–1892
Duke of Clarence and Avondale		Prince George
1865–1936
Duke of York, Earl of Inverness, Baron Killarney
Later King George V		Charles Edward
1884–1954
Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, 2nd Duke of Albany, 2nd Earl of Clarence, 2nd Baron Arklow
Dukedom of York (6th creation), Earldom of Inverness (2nd creation), Barony Killarney (1st creation) merged in the Crown, 1910Dukedom of Albany (6th creation) forfeit, 1919
Duke of York (7th creation), Earl of Inverness (3rd creation) and Baron Killarney (2nd creation), 1920Earl of Ulster (2nd UK creation), 1928
King Edward VIII
1894–1972
Duke of Windsor		Prince Albert
1895–1952
Duke of York
Later King George VI		Prince Henry
1900–1974
Duke of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Ulster
Dukedom of York (7th creation), Earldom of Inverness (3rd creation), Barony Killarney (2nd creation) merged in the Crown, 1936
Queen Elizabeth II
1926–2022
Duke of York (8th creation), Earl of Inverness (4th creation) and Baron Killyleagh, 1986
King Charles III
b. 1948		Prince Andrew
b. 1960
Duke of York, Earl of Inverness, Baron Killyleagh		Prince Richard
b. 1944
Duke of Gloucester, 2nd Earl of Ulster
Alexander Windsor
b. 1974
styled Earl of Ulster
Heir apparent to the Earldom of Ulster
 Family tree of Royal dukes in the United Kingdom

Includes dukes of: Albany, Albemarle, Bedford, Cambridge, Clarence, Connaught and Strathearn, Cumberland, Edinburgh, Gloucester, Gloucester and Edinburgh, Hereford, Kent, Kintyre and Lorne, Norfolk, Ross, Somerset, Sussex, Windsor, and York, but only when royally.

Non-royal dukes are not included; see Royal dukedoms in the United Kingdom.
Titles mandated for use by the heir apparent (Duke of Rothesay and the 1337 creation of the Duke of Cornwall) are also not included, see Princes of Wales family tree.

Robert II
1316–1390		King Edward III
1312–1377
Duke of Albany (1st creation), 1398Duke of Clarence (1st creation), 1362Duke of York (1st creation), 1385
Robert III
c. 1337–1406		Robert Stewart
c. 1340–1420
1st Duke of Albany		Edward the Black Prince
1330–1376		Lionel of Antwerp
1338–1368
Duke of Clarence		John of Gaunt
1340–1399		Edmund of Langley
1341–1402
1st Duke of York
Dukedom of Clarence (1st creation) extinct, 1368
Duke of Cornwall (2nd creation), 1376Duke of Hereford, 1397Duke of Gloucester (1st creation), 1385
Murdoch Stewart
c. 1362–1425
2nd Duke of Albany		Richard of Bordeaux
1367–1400
Duke of Cornwall, later King Richard II		Henry Bolingbroke
1367–1413
Duke of Hereford, later King Henry IV		Thomas of Woodstock
1355–1397
Duke of Gloucester
Dukedom of Albany (1st creation) forfeit, 1425Dukedom of Cornwall (2nd creation) merged in the crown, 1377Dukedom of Hereford merged in the crown, 1399Dukedom of Gloucester (1st creation) extinct, 1397
Duke of Clarence (2nd creation), 1412Duke of Bedford (1st & 2nd creations), 1414Duke of Gloucester (2nd creation), 1414Duke of Albemarle (Aumale) (1st creation), 1397
Thomas of Lancaster
1387–1421
Duke of Clarence		John of Lancaster
1389–1435
Duke of Bedford
Surrendered dukedom and then regranted, 1433		Humphrey of Lancaster
1390–1447
Duke of Gloucester		John Beaufort
1373–1410		Joan Beaufort
c. 1379–1440		Edward of Norwich
c. 1373–1415
Duke of Aumale, 2nd Duke of York		Richard of Conisburgh
1385–1415
Dukedom of Clarence (2nd creation) extinct, 1421Dukedom of Bedford (2nd creation) extinct, 1435Dukedom of Gloucester (2nd creation) extinct, 1447Dukedom of Albemarle (Aumale) (1st creation) forfeit, 1399
Duke of York (1st creation) restored, 1425
Duke of Cornwall (3rd creation), 1460
James I
1394–1437		Joan Beaufort
c. 1404–1445		John Beaufort
1404–1444		Richard Neville
1400–1460		Cecily Neville
1415–1495		Richard of York
1411–1460
3rd Duke of York, Duke of Cornwall
Duke of Cornwall (3rd creation) extinct, 1460
Duke of Bedford (5th creation), 1485Duke of Clarence (3rd creation), 1461Duke of Gloucester (3rd creation), 1461
James II
1430–1460		Jasper Tudor
c. 1431–1495
Duke of Bedford		Edmund Tudor
c. 1430–1456		Lady Margaret Beaufort
1443–1509		John Neville
c. 1431–1471		Elizabeth Woodville
c. 1437–1492		Prince Edward
1442–1483
4th Duke of York, later King Edward IV		George Plantagenet
1449–1478
Duke of Clarence		Richard of York
1452–1485
Duke of Gloucester, later King Richard III
Dukedom of Bedford (5th creation) extinct, 1495Dukedom of York (1st creation) merged in the Crown, 1461Dukedom of Clarence (3rd creation) forfeit, 1478Dukedom of Gloucester (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 1483
Duke of Albany (2nd creation), 1458Duke of Bedford (3rd creation), 1470Duke of York (2nd creation), 1474
Duke of Norfolk (3rd creation), 1477		Duke of Bedford (4th creation), 1478
Alexander Stewart
c. 1454–1485
1st Duke of Albany		James III
1451/1452–1488		George Neville
1457–1483
Duke of Bedford		King Henry VII
1457–1509		Elizabeth of York
1466–1503		Richard of Shrewsbury
1473–1483
Duke of York, Duke of Norfolk		George of York
1477–1479
Duke of Bedford
Dukedom of Bedford (3rd creation) forfeit, 1478Dukedom of York (2nd creation) and Dukedom of Norfolk (3rd creation) extinct, 1483Dukedom of Bedford (4th creation) extinct, 1479
Duke of Ross (1st creation), 1488Duke of York (3rd creation), 1494Duke of Somerset (3rd creation), 1499
John Stewart
1482–1536
2nd Duke of Albany		James Stewart
1476–1504
Duke of Ross		James IV
1473–1513		Margaret Tudor
1489–1541		Prince Henry
1491–1547
Duke of York, later King Henry VIII		Edmund Tudor
1499–1500
Duke of Somerset (nominated but probably not invested)
Dukedom of Albany (2nd creation) extinct, 1536Dukedom of Ross (1st creation) extinct, 1504Dukedom of York (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 1509Dukedom of Somerset (3rd creation) extinct, 1500
Duke of Ross (2nd creation), 1514
James V
1512–1542		Alexander Stewart
1514–1515
Duke of Ross
Duke of Albany (3rd creation), 1565Dukedom of Ross (2nd creation) extinct, 1515
Henry Stuart
1546–1567
1st Duke of Albany		Mary, Queen of Scots
1542–1587
Prince James
1566–1625
2nd Duke of Albany, later King James VI & I
Dukedom of Albany (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 1567
Duke of Albany (4th creation), 1604
Duke of York (4th creation), 1605		Duke of Kintyre and Lorne, 1602
Princess Elizabeth Stuart
1596–1662		Prince Charles
1600–1649
Duke of Albany, Duke of York, later King Charles I		Robert Stuart
1602
Duke of Kintyre and Lorne
Dukedom of Albany (4th creation), Dukedom of York (4th creation) merged in the Crown, 1625Dukedom of Kintyre and Lorne extinct, 1602
Duke of York (5th creation) 1644
Duke of Albany (5th creation), 1660		Duke of Gloucester (4th creation), 1659
Sophia of Hanover
1630–1714		James Stuart
1633–1701
Duke of York, Duke of Albany, later King James II		Prince Henry
1640–1660
Duke of Gloucester
Dukedom of Albany (5th creation) and Dukedom of York (5th creation) merged in the Crown, 1685Dukedom of Gloucester (4th creation) extinct, 1660
Duke of York and Albany (1st creation), 1716Duke of Cambridge (1st creation), 1664Duke of Kendal (1st creation), 1666Duke of Cambridge (2nd creation), 1667
King George I
1660–1727		Ernest Augustus
1674–1728
Duke of York and Albany		Charles Stuart
1660–1661
styled Duke of Cambridge		James Stuart
1663–1667
Duke of Cambridge		Queen Anne
1665–1714		Charles Stuart
1666–1667
designated Duke of Kendal		Edgar Stuart
1667–1671
Duke of Cambridge		Charles Stuart
1677
styled Duke of Cambridge
Dukedom of York and Albany (1st creation) extinct, 1728Dukedom of Cambridge (1st creation) extinct, 1667Dukedom of Kendal (1st creation), extinct, 1667Dukedom of Cambridge (2nd creation) extinct, 1671
Duke of Cambridge (3rd creation)
Prince George
1683–1760
Duke of Cambridge, later King George II		Prince William
1689–1700
styled Duke of Gloucester
Dukedom of Cambridge (3rd creation) merged with the Crown, 1727
Duke of Edinburgh (1st creation), 1726Duke of Cumberland (3rd creation), 1726
Prince Frederick Louis
1707–1751
1st Duke of Edinburgh, styled Duke of Gloucester until created Duke of Edinburgh		Prince William Augustus
1721–1765
Duke of Cumberland
Dukedom of Cumberland (3rd creation) extinct, 1765
Duke of York and Albany (2nd creation), 1760Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, 1764Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn, 1766
Prince George William Frederick
1738–1820
2nd Duke of Edinburgh, later King George III		Prince Edward
1739–1767
Duke of York and Albany		Prince William Henry
1743–1805
1st Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh		Prince Henry
1745–1790
Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn
Dukedom of Edinburgh (1st creation), merged in the Crown, 1760Dukedom of York and Albany (2nd creation) extinct, 1767Dukedom of Gloucester and Edinburgh unused, 1805–1816Dukedom of Cumberland and Strathearn extinct, 1790
Duke of York and Albany (3rd creation), 1784Duke of Clarence and St Andrews, 1789Duke of Kent and Strathearn, 1799Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, 1799Duke of Sussex (1st creation), 1801Duke of Cambridge (4th creation), 1801
Prince Frederick
1763–1827
Duke of York and Albany		Prince William Henry
1765–1837, Duke of Clarence and St Andrews, later King William IV		Prince Edward
1767–1820
Duke of Kent and Strathearn		Ernest Augustus
1771–1851
King of Hanover, 1st Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale		Prince Augustus Frederick
1773–1843
Duke of Sussex		Prince Adolphus
1774–1850
1st Duke of Cambridge		Princess Mary
1776–1857		Prince William Frederick
1776–1834
2nd Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh
Dukedom of York and Albany (3rd creation) extinct, 1827Dukedom of Clarence and St Andrews merged in the Crown, 1830Dukedom of Kent and Strathearn extinct, 1820Dukedom of Sussex (1st creation) extinct, 1843Dukedom of Gloucester and Edinburgh extinct, 1834
Queen Victoria
1819–1901		George V
1819–1878
King of Hanover, 2nd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale		Prince George
1819–1904
2nd Duke of Cambridge		Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge
1833–1897
Dukedom of Cambridge (4th creation) extinct, 1904
Duke of Edinburgh (2nd creation), 1866Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, 1874Duke of Albany (6th creation), 1881
King Edward VII
1841–1910		Prince Ernest Augustus
1845–1923
3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale		Princess Alice
1843–1878		Prince Alfred Ernest Albert
1844–1900
Duke of Edinburgh		Prince Arthur
1850–1942
1st Duke of Connaught and Strathearn		Prince Leopold
1853–1884
1st Duke of Albany
Dukedom of Cumberland and Teviotdale forfeit, 1919Dukedom of Edinburgh (2nd creation) extinct, 1900
Duke of Clarence and Avondale, 1890Duke of York (6th creation), 1892
Prince Albert Victor
1864–1892
Duke of Clarence and Avondale		George Frederick Ernest Albert
1865–1936
Duke of York, later King George V		Mary of Teck
1867–1953		Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine
1863–1950		Prince Arthur of Connaught
1883–1938
Dukedom of Clarence and Avondale extinct, 1892Dukedom of York (6th creation) merged in the Crown, 1910
Duke of Windsor, 1937Duke of York (7th creation), 1920Duke of Kent (2nd creation), 1934Duke of Gloucester (5th creation), 1928
King Edward VIII
1894–1972
Later Duke of Windsor		Prince Albert Frederick Arthur George
1895–1952
Duke of York, later King George VI		Princess Alice of Battenberg
1885–1969		Prince George
1902–1942
1st Duke of Kent		Prince Henry
1900–1974
1st Duke of Gloucester		Prince Alastair Arthur
1914–1943
2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn		Prince Charles Edward
1884–1954
2nd Duke of Albany
Dukedom of Windsor extinct, 1972Dukedom of York (7th creation) merged in the Crown, 1936Dukedom of Connaught and Strathearn extinct, 1943Dukedom of Albany (6th creation) forfeit, 1919
Duke of Edinburgh (3rd creation), 1947
Queen Elizabeth II
1926–2022		Prince Philip
1921–2021
1st Duke of Edinburgh		Prince Edward
b. 1935
2nd Duke of Kent
Duke of York (8th creation), 1986Duke of Edinburgh (4th creation), 2023
King Charles III
b. 1948
Prince Andrew
b. 1960
Duke of York		Prince Edward
b. 1964
Duke of Edinburgh		George Windsor
b. 1962		Prince Richard
b. 1944
2nd Duke of Gloucester
Dukedom of Edinburgh (3rd creation) merged in the Crown, 2022No male heirsDukedom of Edinburgh (4th creation) is a life peerage and therefore not hereditaryHeir apparent to the Dukedom of Kent
Duke of Cambridge (5th creation), 2011Duke of Sussex (2nd creation), 2018
Prince William
b. 1982
Duke of Cambridge		Prince Harry
Duke of Sussex
b. 1984		Edward Windsor
b. 1988		Alexander Windsor
b. 1974
Heir-apparent to the Dukedom of Gloucester
Prince George of Wales
b. 2013		Prince Archie of Sussex
b. 2019
Heir apparent to the Dukedom of CambridgeHeir apparent to the Dukedom of Sussex

Places and things named after the dukes of York

Geographic features

Southern hemisphere

Canada

Political entities

Canada

United States

Schools

Pubs

Ships

Railroad Equipment

Military Music

There is also military march titled Duke of York which is used as an inspection piece or slow march. It is in 4/4 time, D Major with a form of AABBCCDD. Gordon Ashman in 1991 maintains that the melody was composed in 1805, soon after the Duke of York became Colonel of the Grenadier Guards, and notes it is still in use today as a regimental slow-march. James Merryweather however, researched the melody and found it was composed by John Gamidge in 1789, to be played by the York Waits. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hU0PqAZLeew

See also

References

  1. "New York". Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006. Archived from the original on 28 October 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2007.
  2. "James II". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
  3. Miller, 44–45
  4. Encyclopædia Britannica Edmund of Langley First Duke of York
  5. Encyclopædia Britannica Edward of Norwich Second Duke of York
  6. English Monarchs
  7. BBC Edward IV
  8. Scarisbrick, J. J. (1997). Henry VIII (2nd ed.). Yale University Press. ISBN 0300071582.
  9. Gregg, Pauline (1981), King Charles I, London: Dent
  10. ^ Callow, John, The Making of King James II: The Formative Years of a King, Sutton Publishing, Ltd, Stroud, Gloucestershire, 2000. Page
  11. "Page 6313 | Supplement 31931, 4 June 1920 | London Gazette | the Gazette".
  12. "Page 1 | Supplement 50606, 23 July 1986 | London Gazette | the Gazette".–present
  13. "Cape York". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  14. Scadding, Henry (1873). Toronto of old: collections and recollections illustrative of the early settlement and social life of the capital of Ontario. Toronto, ON.: Adam, Stevenson & Co. p. 21. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  15. "York County". Where is Home? New Brunswick Communities Past and Present. Provincial Archives of New Brunswick. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  16. ^ "New York Under The Duke of York". Empire State History. Archived from the original on 3 January 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
  17. "The Duke of York March". YouTube. 26 March 2016.

Sources

External links

Dukes of York
italics denote Dukes of York and Albany
British royal titles
Titles
Inactive
Extant dukedoms in the peerages of Britain and Ireland
Royal dukedoms
England Kingdom of England
Scotland Kingdom of Scotland
Great Britain Kingdom of Great Britain
Ireland Kingdom of Ireland
United Kingdom United Kingdom
Italics: This title is held by a peer who holds another of higher precedence.
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