Misplaced Pages

Boris Sheremetev: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 12:22, 4 October 2010 editTomdo08 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers4,085 edits Knights of Malta disambiguated← Previous edit Latest revision as of 06:25, 5 January 2025 edit undoMellk (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users61,513 edits →top 
(97 intermediate revisions by 59 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Russian diplomat and military commander (1652–1719)}}
{{Emblem
{{About|the Russian general|the Russian composer|Boris Sheremetev (composer)}}
|Name = The coat of arms of Count Sheremetev
{{family name hatnote|Petrovich|]|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
|Image 1 = Alexander Liptak—Coat of arms of the Counts Sheremetev.png
{{Infobox military person
|Image 1 width = 200
| honorific_prefix = Count
|Date of origin =
| name = Boris Sheremetev
|Shield = ''Or in chief on a torteaux surrounded by a wreath of laurel a royal crown and two crosses pattée argent in pale and in base between a boyar's hat fesswise and a crescent charged with a representation of a man's face argent a sword and spear crossed in saltire proper'', the whole ensigned by the coronet of a Count of the Russian Empire.
| image = File:Boris Sheremetev by P.Krasovskiy (1748, Kuskovo).jpg
|Crest and mantle = ''Issuant from the coronet of rank an oak tree proper between two mullets of six points argent'', the mantling Or doubled gules.
| image_size =
|Supporters = ''Two lions salient guardant Or the dexter one holding in his interior paw a sceptre and in his mouth a laurel branch proper the sinister one holding in his interior paw a globus cruciger and in his mouth an olive branch proper'' upon a grassy compartment proper
| caption = Portrait by P. Krasovskiy
|Chivalric order =
| nickname =
|Motto = ''Deus conservat omnia'', Latin for "God perserves all".
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1652|05|05|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Moscow, Russia
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1719|02|28|1652|05|05|df=yes}}
| death_place = Moscow, Russia
| placeofburial =
| allegiance = {{flagcountry|Tsardom of Russia}}
| branch = ]
| serviceyears = 1681–1719
| rank = ]
| unit =
| commands =
| battles = ] <br />
{{Tree list}}
* ]
** ]
** ]
{{tree list/end}}
{{Tree list}}
* ]
** ]
** ]
** ]
** ]
** ]
** ]
** ]
** ]
** ]
** ]
** ]
{{Tree list end}}
| awards = '''Titles:'''<br />] (1686)<br />] (1706)<br /> '''Orders:'''<br />]<br />]<br />]
| relations =
| laterwork =
}} }}


Count '''Boris Petrovich Sheremetev''' ({{langx|ru|Бори́с Петро́вич Шереме́тев}}; {{OldStyleDate|5 May|1652|25 April}} – {{OldStyleDate|28 February|1719|17 February}}) was a Russian diplomat and ] during the ]. He became the first Russian ] in 1706. His children included ] and ].
]


==Early life==
'''Boris Petrovich Sheremetev''' ({{lang-ru|Бори́с Петро́вич Шереме́тев}}) (1652–1719) was created the first ]n ] in 1706, and was also a diplomat and ] during the ]. His children included ] and ].
In his youth, Sheremetyev was a page to ] ] before starting his military career. From 1671 he served at the imperial court. In 1681 he was a leader at ], commanding the armies fighting the ], and from 1682 he was a ]. From 1685 to 1687 he participated in negotiations and the conclusion of the "]" with Poland and the allied treaty with ]. From the end of 1687 he commanded the armies in ] defending Russia's southern border, and participated in the ].
After ] gained power in 1689, he joined him as a fellow campaigner. He participated along with ] in the war against ] during the 1690s. During the ] in 1695&ndash;96 he commanded armies on the ] in actions against the ]. In 1697&ndash;99 he carried out diplomatic assignments in ], ], ] and ]. In 1698, czar Peter sent a delegation to ] under Sheremetyev to observe the training and abilities of the ] and their fleet. Sheremetyev also investigated the possibility of future joint ventures with the Knights, including action against the Turks and the possibility of a future Russian naval base.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www2.prestel.co.uk/church/oosj/timeline.htm |title=Russian Grand Priory - Time Line |access-date=2008-02-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208091353/http://www2.prestel.co.uk/church/oosj/timeline.htm |archive-date=2008-02-08 }}</ref>


==Great Northern War==
In his youth, Sheremetyev was a page to ] ] before starting his military career. From 1671 he served at the imperial court. In 1681 he was a leader at ], commanding the armies fighting the ], and from 1682 he was a ]. From 1685 to 1687 he participated in negotiations and the conclusion of the "]" with Poland and the allied treaty with ]. From the end of 1687 he commanded the armies in ] defending Russia's southern border, and participated in the ].
].]]
During the ] (1700&ndash;1721) Sheremetev proved a capable but cautious and sluggish military leader. For much of the war he served as the commander-in-chief and most senior officer in the Russian army. Sheremetev was very cautious in his movements but proved more effective than the younger ], the second-in-command, whose impulsiveness did not always lead to success.


In 1700 he joined the Russian army in its attack on ] at the outbreak of the Great Northern War, but King ] drove him back from his position in ]. He then became commander of the Russian forces fighting the ] in the ]. Colonel ] defeated Sheremetev at ] in September 1701, but the Russians turned the tables on Schlippenbach (now a Major-General) at ] in December 1701. This victory won Sheremetev the title of ], and another Russian victory ensued at the ] in July 1702.{{Sfn|Polovtsov|1911}} Sheremetev's army's attack on ] (August 1702) led to ] coming to the tsar's court, where she eventually became Empress Catherine I{{sfn|Hughes|2004|p=131}} (reigned 1725–1727).
After ] gained power in 1689, he joined him as a fellow campaigner. He participated along with ] in the war against ] during the 1690s. During the ] in 1695&ndash;96 he commanded armies on the ] in actions against the ]. In 1697&ndash;99 he carried out diplomatic assignments in ], ], ] and ]. In 1698, czar Peter sent a delegation to ] under Sheremetyev to observe the training and abilities of the ] and their fleet. Sheremetyev also investigated the possibility of future joint ventures with the Knights, including action against the Turks and the possibility of a future Russian naval base.


Sheremetev took the Swedish ]n fortresses of ] (October 1702) and ] (1 May 1703) (allowing the foundation of the city of ] later in May 1703)) and the important Baltic cities ] and ] in 1704. In 1705 Peter I sent him to ], where he forcefully and successfully repressed the {{Ill|Astrakhan uprising (1705–1706)|lt=Astrakhan uprising|ru|Астраханское восстание|vertical-align=sup}} of 1705–1706.{{Sfn|Novitsky|Schwartz|Apushkin|Schoultz|1911}}
==Great Northern War==
During the ] (1700&ndash;1721) Sheremetev proved to be a capable but cautious and sluggish military leader. During the war he was the commander-in-chief and most senior officer in the Russian army. Sheremetev was very cautious in his movements but proved more effective than the younger ], the 2nd in command whose impulsiveness was not always successful.
In 1700 he joined the Russian army in its attack on ] at the outbreak of the Great Northern War but was driven back from his position in ] by ]. He then became commander of the Russian forces fighting the ] in the ]. Sheremetev was subsequently defeated by ] at Rauge in 1701 but later prevailed at ]. This victory won him the title of ], and was followed up by another victory at the ] in 1702. He then took the fortresses of ] and ] in 1703 (allowing the foundation of the city of ]) and the important Baltic cities ] and ] in 1704. In 1705 he was sent to ], where he forcefully and successfully repressed the ].


Later in the Great Northern War, Sheremetev clashed with the Swedish general ], who beat him at ] in 1705, and Charles XII, who defeated him at ]. His revenge came at the ], where he was the senior Russian commander and the Swedish army was soundly defeated by the Russian army. Armies under his command conquered ] in 1710. He then led the main forces of the army in the Prut campaign. Fighting against Turkey in 1711, he suffered an ] at ]. in 1715&ndash;17 he commanded armies in ] and ]. In the course of the Great Northern War, Sheremetev clashed with the Swedish general ], who beat him at ] in July 1705, and Charles XII, who defeated him at ] (July 1708). Sheremetev's revenge came at the ] in 1709, where he functioned as the senior Russian commander of the forces which soundly defeated the Swedish army. Armies under his command conquered ] in 1710. Sheremetev then led the main forces of the army against the Ottomans in the ] of 1710–1711. Fighting against Turkey in 1711, he suffered ] at the Battle of Stănileşti on the ] (July 1711). In 1715&ndash;17 Sheremetev commanded armies in ] and in ].


]]]
Although sympathetic to ]'s strivings to ] Russia, he never became close to the tsar. one of the etymologies of Sheremetev's surname is that of ] origin (''shir Akhmat'', "lion Ahmad"). He died in 1719 in ] and is buried in ].

Although sympathetic to ]'s policy of ] Russia, Sheremetev never became close to the tsar. He died in 1719 in ]; Peter I had him buried in the ] in ].


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}}
{{unreferenced|date=October 2006}}


==Sources==
{{Lists of Russians}}
*{{cite encyclopedia | author-link=Lindsey Hughes |last=Hughes| first=Lindsey|editor-first=Clarissa | editor-last=Campbell Orr |encyclopedia=Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2004 |pages=131–154 |title=Catherine I of Russia, Consort to Peter the Great |isbn=0-521-81422-7 }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sheremetev, Boris Petrovich}}
*{{Cite book |last=Polovtsov |first=Alexander |title=] |date=1911 |publisher=Типография Главного Управления Уделов |volume=XXIII: Шебанов—Шютц |location=St. Petersburg |author-link=Alexander Polovtsov |pages=114–115}}
* {{Cite book |last1=Novitsky |first1=Vasily F. |last2=Schwartz |first2=Aleksey V. von |last3=Apushkin |first3=Vladimir A. |last4=Schoultz |first4=Gustav K. von |author-link1=Vasily Fedorovich Novitsky |url=https://archive.org/details/bmk-brz-3/page/n227 |title=Военная энциклопедия Сытина |publisher=Типография Т-ва И. Д. Сытина |volume=III. Аральская флотилия – Афонское сражение |location=Moscow |year=1911 |page=194 |language=ru |trans-title=Sytin Military Encyclopedia |access-date=16 September 2023}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sheremetev, Boris}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]
]
]
]
]
] ]
]

]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 06:25, 5 January 2025

Russian diplomat and military commander (1652–1719) This article is about the Russian general. For the Russian composer, see Boris Sheremetev (composer). In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Petrovich and the family name is Sheremetev.
Count
Boris Sheremetev
Portrait by P. Krasovskiy
Born(1652-05-05)5 May 1652
Moscow, Russia
Died28 February 1719(1719-02-28) (aged 66)
Moscow, Russia
Allegiance Russia
Service / branchRussian Army
Years of service1681–1719
RankField marshal
Battles / warsRusso-Polish War
AwardsTitles:
Boyar (1686)
Count (1706)
Orders:
Order of St. Andrew
Order of the White Eagle
Order of the Black Eagle

Count Boris Petrovich Sheremetev (Russian: Бори́с Петро́вич Шереме́тев; 5 May [O.S. 25 April] 1652 – 28 February [O.S. 17 February] 1719) was a Russian diplomat and general field marshal during the Great Northern War. He became the first Russian count in 1706. His children included Pyotr Sheremetev and Natalia Sheremeteva.

Early life

In his youth, Sheremetyev was a page to Tsar Alexis I before starting his military career. From 1671 he served at the imperial court. In 1681 he was a leader at Tambov, commanding the armies fighting the Crimean Khanate, and from 1682 he was a boyar. From 1685 to 1687 he participated in negotiations and the conclusion of the "Eternal Peace of 1686" with Poland and the allied treaty with Austria. From the end of 1687 he commanded the armies in Belgorod defending Russia's southern border, and participated in the Crimean campaigns. After Peter I gained power in 1689, he joined him as a fellow campaigner. He participated along with Mazepa in the war against Turkey during the 1690s. During the Azov campaigns in 1695–96 he commanded armies on the Dnieper River in actions against the Crimean Tatars. In 1697–99 he carried out diplomatic assignments in Poland, Austria, Italy and Malta. In 1698, czar Peter sent a delegation to Malta under Sheremetyev to observe the training and abilities of the Knights of Malta and their fleet. Sheremetyev also investigated the possibility of future joint ventures with the Knights, including action against the Turks and the possibility of a future Russian naval base.

Great Northern War

Portrait of Boris Sheremetev on horseback by Ivan Argunov.

During the Great Northern War (1700–1721) Sheremetev proved a capable but cautious and sluggish military leader. For much of the war he served as the commander-in-chief and most senior officer in the Russian army. Sheremetev was very cautious in his movements but proved more effective than the younger Prince Menshikov, the second-in-command, whose impulsiveness did not always lead to success.

In 1700 he joined the Russian army in its attack on Narva at the outbreak of the Great Northern War, but King Charles XII of Sweden drove him back from his position in Estonia. He then became commander of the Russian forces fighting the Swedish armies in the Baltic provinces. Colonel W. A. Schlippenbach defeated Sheremetev at Rauge in September 1701, but the Russians turned the tables on Schlippenbach (now a Major-General) at Erastfer in December 1701. This victory won Sheremetev the title of field marshal, and another Russian victory ensued at the battle of Hummelshof in July 1702. Sheremetev's army's attack on Marienburg (August 1702) led to Martha Skavronskaya coming to the tsar's court, where she eventually became Empress Catherine I (reigned 1725–1727).

Sheremetev took the Swedish Ingrian fortresses of Nöteborg (October 1702) and Nyenskans (1 May 1703) (allowing the foundation of the city of Saint Petersburg later in May 1703)) and the important Baltic cities Dorpat and Narva in 1704. In 1705 Peter I sent him to Astrakhan, where he forcefully and successfully repressed the Astrakhan uprising of 1705–1706.

In the course of the Great Northern War, Sheremetev clashed with the Swedish general Lewenhaupt, who beat him at Gemäuerthof in July 1705, and Charles XII, who defeated him at Holowczyn (July 1708). Sheremetev's revenge came at the Battle of Poltava in 1709, where he functioned as the senior Russian commander of the forces which soundly defeated the Swedish army. Armies under his command conquered Riga in 1710. Sheremetev then led the main forces of the army against the Ottomans in the Prut campaign of 1710–1711. Fighting against Turkey in 1711, he suffered encirclement at the Battle of Stănileşti on the Prut (July 1711). In 1715–17 Sheremetev commanded armies in Pomerania and in Mecklenburg.

Portrait by Argunov

Although sympathetic to Peter I's policy of Westernising Russia, Sheremetev never became close to the tsar. He died in 1719 in Moscow; Peter I had him buried in the Lazarevskoe Cemetery in St. Petersburg.

References

  1. "Russian Grand Priory - Time Line". Archived from the original on 2008-02-08. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
  2. Polovtsov 1911.
  3. Hughes 2004, p. 131.
  4. Novitsky et al. 1911.

Sources

  • Hughes, Lindsey (2004). "Catherine I of Russia, Consort to Peter the Great". In Campbell Orr, Clarissa (ed.). Queenship in Europe 1660-1815: The Role of the Consort. Cambridge University Press. pp. 131–154. ISBN 0-521-81422-7.
  • Polovtsov, Alexander (1911). Russian Biographical Dictionary. Vol. XXIII: Шебанов—Шютц. St. Petersburg: Типография Главного Управления Уделов. pp. 114–115.
  • Novitsky, Vasily F.; Schwartz, Aleksey V. von; Apushkin, Vladimir A.; Schoultz, Gustav K. von (1911). Военная энциклопедия Сытина [Sytin Military Encyclopedia] (in Russian). Vol. III. Аральская флотилия – Афонское сражение. Moscow: Типография Т-ва И. Д. Сытина. p. 194. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
Categories:
Boris Sheremetev: Difference between revisions Add topic