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{{Short description|none}}
<!-- "none" is a legitimate description when the title is already adequate; see ] -->
{{Culture of Gibraltar}} {{Culture of Gibraltar}}
This article is about the '''] features of the ] of ]''', including ], ], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Demographic features of the population of ] include ], education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.


==Ethnic origins== ==Ethnic origins==
One of the main features of Gibraltar’s population is the diversity of their ]. The demographics of Gibraltar reflects Gibraltarians' ] of the many ] and non-European immigrants who came to ] over three hundred years. They are the descendants of economic migrants that came to Gibraltar after the majority of the ]. One of the main features of ]'s population is the diversity of their ]. The demographics of Gibraltar reflects Gibraltarians' ] of the many ] and non-European immigrants who came to the ] over three hundred years. They are the descendants of economic migrants that came to Gibraltar after the majority of the Spanish population left in 1704.


===Spanish=== ===Spanish===
The majority of the Spanish population in Gibraltar (about 5000), with few exceptions, left Gibraltar when the Dutch and English took the city in 1704. The few ]s who remained in Gibraltar in August 1704 were augmented by others who arrived in the fleet with ], possibly some two hundred in all, mostly ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iteg.org/documentos/spaniards_in_gibraltar.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304033327/http://www.iteg.org/documentos/spaniards_in_gibraltar.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Spaniards in Gibraltar|archivedate=March 4, 2006}}</ref>
The majority of the ], with few exceptions, left Gibraltar when the Dutch and English took the village in 1704. In spite of assurances that Spaniards who wished to remain would enjoy freedom of religion and full civil rights, and despite the efforts of British and Dutch senior officers to maintain order, lootings, desecrations and rapes were perpetrated by the ships' crew and marines.<ref>Andrews, Allen, , p32-33: ''"The conquerors were out of control. (…)Into the raw hands of fighting seamen (…) alcohol and plunder and women passed wildly and indiscriminately. (…)The sack of Gibraltar was memorable through Andalusia for the peculiar fury of the invaders against the servants, houses and ornaments of the Catholic religion. (…) Every church in the city was desecrated save one.''</ref><ref>], ''Rock of the Gibraltarians'', p100-101: ''"Although Article V promised freedom or religion and full civil rights to all Spaniards who wished to stay in ] Gibraltar, few decided to run the risk of remaining in the town. English atrocities at ] and elsewhere and the behaviour of the English sailors in the first days after the surrender suggested that if they stayed they might not live to see that day. Hesse's and Rooke's senior officers did their utmost to impose discipline, but the inhabitants worst fears were confirmed: women were insulted and outraged; Roman Catholic churches and institutions were taken over as stores and for other military purposes ; and the whole town suffered at the hands of the ship's crew and marines who came ashore."''</ref> The townspeople took reprisals, murdering Dutchmen and Englishmen.<ref>Andrews, Allen, , p32-33: ''"The Spaniards could only retaliate with individual vengeance the knife in the back of a drink-hazed victor and the swift bundling of a body down a well."''</ref><ref>], ''Rock of the Gibraltarians'', p100-101: ''"Many bloody reprisals were taken by inhabitants before they left, bodies of murdered Englishmen and Dutchmen being thrown down wells and cesspits."''</ref> When discipline was restored, most villagers decided to go in exile and, after some time, founded the nearby city of San Roque.<ref>Andrews, Allen, , p54: ''"(...) these 6,000 civilians resolved to exile themselves from the town.(…) But most of them settled in Spain round the hill of San Roque, within sight of the lost city. Their Sovereign, the Bourbon Philip V, whom the British soon recognised as lawful King of Spain, never ceased to regard them as the future burgesses of the fortress he daily mourned, and recognised the new municipality by Royal Patent as the Council, Tribunal, Officers and Gentlemen of the City of Gibraltar. To this day San Roque bears the arms and constitution of the Spanish City of Gibraltar in Exile.".''</ref><ref>], ''Rock of the Gibraltarians'', p100-101: ''"Although Article V promised freedom or religion and full civil rights to all Spaniards who wished to stay in ] Gibraltar, few decided to run the risk of remaining in the town. By the time discipline was fully restored, few of the inhabitants wished or dared to remain."''</ref> The few ]s who remained in Gibraltar in August 1704 were augmented by others who arrived in the fleet with ], possibly some two hundred in all, mostly ].<ref></ref>


]ns are a small and interesting group. Their migration to Gibraltar started since the beginning of the common British rule in 1713, thanks to the links between both British possessions during the 18th century, first looking for work in several trades, especially when Gibraltar needed to be rebuilt after the 1783 Grand Siege. Immigration continued even after Minorca was returned to Spain in 1802 by the ]<ref>{{cite book |first=William |last=Jackson |year=1990 |title=The Rock of the Gibraltarians. A History of Gibraltar |publisher=Gibraltar Books | edition = second edition |location=Grendon, Northamptonshire, UK |isbn=0-948466-14-6 | page=225}}: {{cquote|The open frontier helped to increase the Spanish share, and naval links with Minorca produced the small Minorcan contingent.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2ip0C6odET4C | title=Gibraltar, identity and empire | author=Edward G. Archer | publisher=Routledge | year=2006 | isbn=9780415347969 | pages=42–43}}</ref>) ]ns began migrating to Gibraltar at the beginning of the common British rule in 1713, thanks to the links between both British possessions during the 18th century. Initially, Menorcans came to Gibraltar looking for work in several trades, especially when Gibraltar was rebuilt after the 1783 Grand Siege. Immigration continued even after Menorca (the original English name was "Minorca") was returned to Spain in 1802 by the ].<ref>{{cite book |first=William |last=Jackson |year=1990 |title=The Rock of the Gibraltarians. A History of Gibraltar |publisher=Gibraltar Books | edition = second |location=Grendon, Northamptonshire, UK |isbn=0-948466-14-6 | page=225}}: "The open frontier helped to increase the Spanish share, and naval links with Minorca produced the small Minorcan contingent."</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ip0C6odET4C | title=Gibraltar, identity and empire | author=Edward G. Archer | publisher=Routledge | year=2006 | isbn=978-0-415-34796-9 | pages=42–43}}</ref>


] from Spain and intermarriage with ] from the ] was a constant feature of ] until the then Spanish ], General ], closed the border with Gibraltar in 1969, cutting off many Gibraltarians from their relatives on the Spanish side of the frontier. ] from Spain (like the exiles from the Spanish Civil War) and intermarriage with ] from the ] was a constant feature of ] until the then Spanish ], General ], closed the border with Gibraltar in 1969, cutting off many Gibraltarians from their relatives on the Spanish side of the frontier.


Together, Gibraltarians of ] origin are one of the bigger groups (more than 24% according to last names, even more taking into account the fact that a larger share of Spanish women married native Gibraltarians).<ref>Archer, Edward G.: , page 43. Routledge Advances in European Politics.</ref> Together, Gibraltarians of ] origin are one of the bigger groups (more than 24% according to last names, even more taking into account the fact that many Spanish women married native Gibraltarians).<ref>Archer, Edward G.: , page 43. Routledge Advances in European Politics.</ref>


===British=== ===British===
] have come and settled or gone since the first days of the conquest. One group of Britons have had temporary residence in Gibraltar (to work in the administration and the garrison). This group, who represented a larger proportion in the beginning of the British period, are nowadays only about 3% of the total population (around 1,000 individuals). ] have come and settled or gone since the first days of the conquest. One group of Britons have had temporary residence in Gibraltar (to work in the administration and the garrison). This group, who represented a larger proportion in the beginning of the British period, are nowadays only about 3% of the total population (around 1,000 persons).


A larger group is formed by the Britons who moved to Gibraltar and settled down. Some of them, since the beginning, moved to Gibraltar to earn a living as traders and workers. Others moved to Gibraltar on a temporary assignment and then married with local women. Major construction projects, such as the dockyard in the late 1890s and early 20th century brought large quantities of workers from Great Britain. A larger group is formed by the Britons who moved to Gibraltar and settled down. Some of them, since the beginning, moved to Gibraltar to earn a living as traders and workers. Others moved to Gibraltar on a temporary assignment and then married local women. Major construction projects, such as the dockyard in the late 1890s and early 20th century brought large numbers of workers from Great Britain.


The analysis of names in the electoral roll shows that 27% of Gibraltarians have British origin.<ref>Archer, Edward G.: , page 40. Routledge Advances in European Politics.</ref> 13% of Gibraltarian residents are from the United Kingdom proper and the electoral roll shows that 27% of Gibraltar's population has British surnames.<ref>Archer, Edward G.: , page 40. Routledge Advances in European Politics.</ref>


===Genoese and other Italians=== ===Genoese and other Italians===
] came during the 18th and 19th centuries, especially from the poorer parts of ], some of them annually following fishing shoals, as repairmen for the ], or as successful traders and merchants;<ref>Archer, Edward G.: , page 37. Routledge Advances in European Politics.</ref> many others came during the Napoleonic period to avoid obligatory conscription to the French Army.<ref name="google24">Levey, David: </ref> Genoese formed the larger group of the new population in the 18th century and middle 19th century. Other ] came from islands like ] and ]. Nowadays, people with Genoese/Italian last names represent about 20% of the population. ] came during the 18th and 19th centuries, especially from the poorer parts of ], some of them annually following fishing shoals, as repairmen for the ], or as successful traders and merchants;<ref>Archer, Edward G.: , page 37. Routledge Advances in European Politics.</ref> many others came during the Napoleonic period to avoid obligatory conscription to the French Army.<ref name="google24">Levey, David: </ref> Genoese formed the larger group of the new population in the 18th century and middle 19th century. Other ] came from islands like ] and ]. Nowadays, people with Genoese/Italian last names represent about 20% of the population.


===Portuguese=== ===Portuguese===
] were one of the earlier groups to move to Gibraltar, especially from the ] region in the south of ]. Most of them went to work as labourers and some as traders. Their number increased significantly during the 18th century, and again when many Spaniards left their jobs in Gibraltar after General Franco closed the border in 1969. About 10% of last names in Gibraltar have Portuguese origin.<ref>Archer, Edward G.: , page 41. Routledge Advances in European Politics.</ref> ] were one of the earliest groups to move to Gibraltar, especially from the ] region in the far south of ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=A emigração de Algarvios para Gibraltar e Sudoeste da Andaluzia |url=https://biblioteca.cm-albufeira.pt/cgi-bin/koha/opac-imageviewer.pl?biblionumber=10381%20thumbnail-shelfbrowser}}</ref> Most of them went to work as labourers and some as traders. Their number increased significantly during the 18th century.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quarantine against Portuguese ports |jstor=41450744 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41450744.pdf}}</ref> Interestingly, in 1814 out of 49 lightermen, 43 were from Portugal and they were part of a community comprising around 650 working men aged 17 and above.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Archer |first=E. G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Id8HlV3ad5wC&dq=%22portuguese%22+%22gibraltar%22&pg=PA41 |title=Gibraltar, Identity and Empire |date=2013-01-11 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-00550-3 |language=en}}</ref> A notable example of the Portuguese presence in Gibraltair is the existence, in the territory, of an example of ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodrigues |first=Andreia |date=2021-11-15 |title=Estremadura reconhece a calçada portuguesa em Badajoz |url=https://eltrapezio.eu/es/la-raya/estremadura-reconhece-a-calcada-portuguesa-em-badajoz_25401.html |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=El Trapezio |language=es-ES}}</ref>

A further increase in the community occurred when many Spaniards left their jobs in Gibraltar after ] closed the border in 1969. In the 1970s and 1980s many Portuguese worked in Gibraltar, especially in construction.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodrigues |first=Hugo |date=2016-02-23 |title=Aeroclube do Algarve seeks to rebuild itself to continue serving the region |url=http://www.sulinformacao.pt/en/2016/02/aeroclube-do-algarve-procura-reerguer-se-para-continuar-ao-servico-da-regiao/ |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=Sul Informação |language=en}}</ref> Even today many Portuguese still live in the territory and many are still working in the construction sector, both working inbuilding sites and importing material from Portugal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-31 |title='Brexit'. "Londres sabe que Gibraltar precisa de um vínculo pragmático com a União Europeia" |url=https://expresso.pt/internacional/2020-08-31-Brexit.-Londres-sabe-que-Gibraltar-precisa-de-um-vinculo-pragmatico-com-a-Uniao-Europeia |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=Expresso |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Romaguera |first=Cándido |date=2013-10-23 |title=Gibraltar sidesteps Spanish import embargo for land reclamation works |url=https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2013/10/23/inenglish/1382549617_844642.html |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=EL PAÍS English |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-18 |title=Trabalhadores portugueses do setor da construção civil em Gibraltar contagiados |url=https://www.dn.pt/internacional/trabalhadores-portugueses-do-setor-da-construcao-civil-em-gibraltar-contagiados-14331971.html |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Portugueses no Mundo de 29 jan 2019 - RTP Play - RTP |url=https://www.rtp.pt/play/p518/e386924/portugueses-no-mundo |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=RTP Play |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Comércio Internacional de mercadorias de Portugal |url=https://www.gee.gov.pt/pt/lista-publicacoes/estatisticas-de-comercio-bilateral/gibraltar/1562-comercio-internacional-de-portugal-com-gibraltar/file}}</ref> As of 2023, for instance, a Portuguese company was in charge of building the tallest building in Gibraltar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Portuguese group builds tallest building in Gibraltar |url=https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2023-09-16/portuguese-group-builds-tallest-building-in-gibraltar/81260 |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=www.theportugalnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

About 10% of last names in Gibraltar have Portuguese origin; the Portuguese are part of a wider Portuguese-speaking community comprising also ]s and ].<ref>Archer, Edward G.: , page 41. Routledge Advances in European Politics.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Oureana |first=Fundação Historico Cultural |date=2023-09-21 |title=Fundação Oureana recordou em Gibraltar os 80 anos da morte do General Władysław Sikorski, Primeiro-Ministro da Polônia |url=https://www.fundacaooureana.pt/2023/09/21/4467/ |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=Fundação Histórico-Cultural Oureana |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Moreover, today there are around 500 Portuguese who live in ] and commute to Gibraltar for work every day.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lusa |first=Agência |title=Brexit. Pairam incertezas em ambos os lados da fronteira de Gibraltar |url=https://observador.pt/2018/12/10/brexit-pairam-incertezas-em-ambos-os-lados-da-fronteira-de-gibraltar/ |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}</ref> A notable Luso-Gibraltarian is football player ].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bernardo Lopes é português mas representa seleção de Gibraltar: "Sinto-me em casa" |url=https://www.record.pt/internacional/detalhe/bernardo-lopes-e-portugues-mas-representa-selecao-de-gibraltar-sinto-me-em-casa |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=www.record.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref>


===Moroccans=== ===Moroccans===
] have always had a significant presence in Gibraltar. However, the modern community has more recent origins. Moroccans began arriving in Gibraltar soon after the Spanish government imposed the first restrictions on Spanish workers in Gibraltar in 1964. By the end of 1968 there were at least 1,300 Moroccan workers resident in Gibraltar and this more than doubled following the final closure of the frontier with Spain in June 1969.<ref></ref> ] have always had a significant presence in Gibraltar. However, the modern community has more recent origins. Moroccans began arriving in Gibraltar soon after the Spanish government imposed the first restrictions on Spanish workers in Gibraltar in 1964. By the end of 1968 there were at least 1,300 Moroccan workers resident in Gibraltar and this more than doubled following the final closure of the frontier with Spain in June 1969.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sussex.ac.uk/migration/documents/briefing3.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607215850/http://www.sussex.ac.uk/migration/documents/briefing3.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-07 |url-status=live|title=Sussex Migration Briefing - Steps to resolving the situation of Moroccans in Gibraltar}}</ref>
There is also a significant number of ] in Gibraltar, representing Jews of both ] origin and Arabic speaking Jews of Morocco (although almost no Gibraltarian Jews today speak Arabic as a first language). Most notably the ] family which runs Gibraltar's largest law firm ]<ref>Legal 500, 2009</ref> and the late ] who served four terms as Chief Minister for a total of 20 years.<ref name="independent">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-sir-joshua-hassan-1248542.html |title=Obituary: Sir Joshua Hassan |access-date=23 November 2009 |last=Nash |first=Elizabeth |date=2 July 1997 |work=The Independent |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818013131/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-sir-joshua-hassan-1248542.html |archive-date=18 August 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


===Other groups=== ===Other groups===
Other groups include: Other groups include:
*] were in the same imperial route to the east as Gibraltar. They came when jobs were scarce at home and others to escape the law in ].<ref>Archer, Edward G.: , page 44. Routledge Advances in European Politics.</ref> *] was in the same imperial route to the east as Gibraltar. ] came to Gibraltar when jobs were scarce at home, or to escape the law in ].<ref>Archer, Edward G.: , page 44. Routledge Advances in European Politics.</ref>
*]s, most of them of ] origin, were able to re-establish their rites, ], right after the British occupation in 1704. Also a significant number of Jews from London settled in Gibraltar, especially since the ].<ref>Archer, Edward G.: , page 38. Routledge Advances in European Politics.</ref> *]s, most of them of ] origin, were able to re-establish their rites, ], right after the British occupation in 1704. Also a significant number of Jews from London settled in Gibraltar, especially since the ].<ref>Archer, Edward G.: , page 38. Routledge Advances in European Politics.</ref>
*], most of them from ], came as merchants after the opening of the ] in 1870; many others migrated as workers after the closure of the frontier with Spain in 1969 to replace Spanish ones.<ref>Archer, Edward G.: , page 45. Routledge Advances in European Politics.</ref> *], came as merchants after the opening of the ] in 1870; many others migrated as workers after the closure of the frontier with Spain in 1969 to replace Spanish ones.<ref>Archer, Edward G.: , page 45. Routledge Advances in European Politics.</ref>
*], many of whom came after the French Revolution in 1789, set up trade and commerce.<ref name="google24"/> *], many of whom came after the French Revolution in 1789, set up trade and commerce.<ref name="google24"/>
*], ], ], ] or ].

== Demographic statistics ==

]

The following demographic statistics are from the ], unless otherwise indicated.

===Population===
28,895 (Jan 2008 est.)

===Population age===
''0-14 years:''
17.2% (male 2,460; female 2,343)
<br />''15-64 years:''
66.3% (male 9,470; female 9,070)
<br />''65 years and over:''
16.5% (male 2,090; female 2,534) (2007 est.)<ref name=INT></ref>

===Sex ratio===
''At birth:''
1.06 males/female
<br />''0-14 years:''
1.05 males/female
<br />''15-64 years:''
1.044 males/female
<br />''65 years and over:''
0.825 males/female
<br />''total population:''
1.005 males/female (2007 est.)<ref name=INT/>

===Changing population===
====Population growth rate====
The population growth rate for Gibraltar is 0.129% (2007 est.) (world growth rate at 2006 is 1.14%). Gibraltar also saw migration of 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population. (2007 est.)

The median age is:
<br />total: 40.3 years
<br />male: 39.8 years
<br />female: 40.7 years (2008 est.)<ref name=INT/>

====Life expectancy====
''total population:''
79.93 years
<br />''male:''
77.05 years
<br />''female:''
82.96 years (2007 est.)<ref name=INT/>

====Fertility====
1.65 children born/woman (2007 est.)<ref name=INT/>

====Births====
10.69 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)<ref name=INT/>

====Deaths====
9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)<ref name=INT/>

====Infant mortality====
''total:''
<br />4.98 deaths/1,000 live births
''male:''
<br />5.54 deaths/1,000 live births
''female:''
<br />4.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)<ref name=INT/>

===Nationality===
''noun:''
Gibraltarian(s)
<br />''adjective:''
Gibraltar

The actual composition of the population by nationality from the 2001 census is as follows<ref name=CEN></ref>:


==National censuses==
{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
|- |-
! Nationality ! rowspan="2" | Nationality
! colspan="2" | 2001 census<ref name=CEN>{{cite web|url=http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Census/census_of_gibraltar_2001.pdf|title=Census of Gibraltar 2001.|access-date=2012-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329085544/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Census/census_of_gibraltar_2001.pdf|archive-date=2019-03-29|url-status=dead}}</ref>
! Number
! colspan="2" | 2012 census<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census of Gibraltar 2012 |url=https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/HMGoG_Documents/Full_Census_Report_2012.pdf#page=63 |website=Government of Gibraltar}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/full-census-report-2012|title=Full Census Report 2012 - Government of Gibraltar|website=www.gibraltar.gov.gi|access-date=2016-01-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111426/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/full-census-report-2012|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref>
! Percentage
|-
! Number !! Percentage
! Number !! Percentage
|- |-
| Gibraltarian | Gibraltarian
|align=right| 22,882 || {{percentage bar|83.22}}
| 22,882
|align=right| 25,444 || {{percentage bar|79.03}}
| 83.2
|- |-
| Other British | Other British
|align=right| 2,627 || {{percentage bar|9.55}}
| 2,627
|align=right| 4,249 || {{percentage bar|13.20}}
| 9.6
|- |-
| Moroccan | Moroccan
|align=right| 961 || {{percentage bar|3.50}}
| 961
|align=right| 522 || {{percentage bar|1.62}}
| 3.5
|- |-
| Spanish | Spanish
|align=right| 326 || {{percentage bar|1.19}}
| 326
|align=right| 675 || {{percentage bar|2.10}}
| 1.2
|- |-
| Other EU | Other ]
|align=right| 275 || {{percentage bar|1.00}}
| 275
|align=right| 785 || {{percentage bar|2.44}}
| 1.0
|- |-
| Other | Other
|align=right| 424 || {{percentage bar|1.54}}
| 424
|align=right| 519 || {{percentage bar|1.61}}
| 1.5
|-
| Total
|align=right| 27,495 || {{percentage bar|100}}
|align=right| 32,194 || {{percentage bar|100}}
|} |}


== Population overview ==
===Ethnic groups===
Gibraltarian British (of mixed ], ], ] and ] descent), other ], Moroccan and ]n.


]
===Religions===
The population of Gibraltar was 29,752 in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Key_Indicators_Website.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928123433/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Key_Indicators_Website.pdf |archive-date=2018-09-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
] 78.09%, ] 6.98%, Other ] 3.21%, ] 4.01%, ] 2.12%, ] 1.79%, other or unspecified 0.94%, none 2.86% (2001 census)<ref name=CEN/>

===Languages===
] (used in schools and for official purposes), ]. Most Gibraltarians converse in '']'', an ] based ]. It consists of an eclectic mix of Andalusian Spanish and ] as well as languages such as ], ], ] of the ] variety and ]. Among more educated Gibraltarians, it also typically involves ] to English. ] is spoken by the Moroccan community, just like ] and ] is spoken by the Indian community of Gibraltar. ] is still spoken by some families of Maltese descent.

===Literacy===
''definition:''
NA
<br />''total population:''
above 80%
<br />''male:''
NA%
<br />''female:''
NA%


===Vital statistics===
==Educational attainment in Gibraltar==
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001|title=United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics|website=unstats.un.org}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
! Rank !! Religion !! Proportion (%) of pupils<br />achieving 5 or more<br />]'s (Grades A-C)
|- |-
!
| 1 || Hindu || 79%
! width="80pt"|Average population
! width="80pt"|Live births
! width="80pt"|Deaths
! width="80pt"|Natural change
! width="80pt"|Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! width="80pt"|Crude death rate (per 1000)
! width="80pt"|Natural change (per 1000)
|- |-
| 1934
| 2 || Jewish || 76%
| align="right" | 17,000
| align="right" | 448
| align="right" | 279
| align="right" | 169
| align="right" | 26.4
| align="right" | 16.4
| align="right" | 9.9
|- |-
| 1935
| 3 || All other religions || 68%
| align="right" | 18,000
| align="right" | 457
| align="right" | 338
| align="right" | 119
| align="right" | 25.4
| align="right" | 18.8
| align="right" | 6.6
|- |-
| 1936
| 4 || National average || 66%
| align="right" | 18,000
| align="right" | 476
| align="right" | 355
| align="right" | 121
| align="right" | 26.4
| align="right" | 19.7
| align="right" | 6.7
|- |-
| 1937
| 5 || Christian || 66%
| align="right" | 19,000
| align="right" | 491
| align="right" | 366
| align="right" | 125
| align="right" | 25.8
| align="right" | 19.3
| align="right" | 6.6
|- |-
| 1938
| 6 || None || 64%
| align="right" | 19,000
| align="right" | 488
| align="right" | 335
| align="right" | 153
| align="right" | 25.7
| align="right" | 17.6
| align="right" | 8.1
|- |-
| 1939
| 7 || Muslim || 44%
| align="right" | 19,000
| align="right" | 508
| align="right" | 345
| align="right" | 163
| align="right" | 26.7
| align="right" | 18.2
| align="right" | 8.6
|-
| 1940<sup>1</sup>
| align="right" | 14,000
| align="right" | 241
| align="right" | 326
| align="right" | -85
| align="right" | 17.2
| align="right" | 23.3
| align="right" | -6.1
|-
| 1941<sup>1</sup>
| align="right" | 10,000
| align="right" | 4
| align="right" | 94
| align="right" | -90
| align="right" | 0.4
| align="right" | 9.4
| align="right" | -9.0
|-
| 1942<sup>1</sup>
| align="right" | 10,000
| align="right" | 1
| align="right" | 145
| align="right" | -144
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 14.5
| align="right" | -14.4
|-
| 1943<sup>1</sup>
| align="right" | 10,000
| align="right" | 3
| align="right" | 130
| align="right" | -127
| align="right" | 0.3
| align="right" | 13.0
| align="right" | -12.7
|-
| 1944<sup>1</sup>
| align="right" | 15,000
| align="right" | 50
| align="right" | 126
| align="right" | -76
| align="right" | 3.3
| align="right" | 8.4
| align="right" | -5.1
|-
| 1945
| align="right" | 20,000
| align="right" | 614
| align="right" | 192
| align="right" | 422
| align="right" | 30.7
| align="right" | 9.6
| align="right" | 21.1
|-
| 1946
| align="right" | 21,000
| align="right" | 449
| align="right" | 206
| align="right" | 224
| align="right" | 21.4
| align="right" | 9.8
| align="right" | 10.7
|-
| 1947
| align="right" | 22,000
| align="right" | 471
| align="right" | 184
| align="right" | 246
| align="right" | 21.4
| align="right" | 8.4
| align="right" | 11.2
|-
| 1948
| align="right" | 23,000
| align="right" | 491
| align="right" | 211
| align="right" | 280
| align="right" | 21.3
| align="right" | 9.2
| align="right" | 12.2
|-
| 1949
| align="right" | 23,000
| align="right" | 525
| align="right" | 215
| align="right" | 310
| align="right" | 22.8
| align="right" | 9.3
| align="right" | 13.5
|-
| 1950
| align="right" | 23,000
| align="right" | 459
| align="right" | 207
| align="right" | 252
| align="right" | 20.0
| align="right" | 9.0
| align="right" | 11.0
|-
| 1951
| align="right" | 23,000
| align="right" | 544
| align="right" | 285
| align="right" | 259
| align="right" | 23.7
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" | 11.3
|-
| 1952
| align="right" | 23,000
| align="right" | 551
| align="right" | 226
| align="right" | 325
| align="right" | 24.0
| align="right" | 9.8
| align="right" | 14.1
|-
| 1953
| align="right" | 23,000
| align="right" | 525
| align="right" | 228
| align="right" | 297
| align="right" | 22.8
| align="right" | 9.9
| align="right" | 12.9
|-
| 1954
| align="right" | 24,000
| align="right" | 566
| align="right" | 235
| align="right" | 331
| align="right" | 23.6
| align="right" | 9.8
| align="right" | 13.8
|-
| 1955
| align="right" | 24,000
| align="right" | 561
| align="right" | 224
| align="right" | 337
| align="right" | 23.4
| align="right" | 9.3
| align="right" | 14.0
|-
| 1956
| align="right" | 24,000
| align="right" | 571
| align="right" | 227
| align="right" | 344
| align="right" | 23.8
| align="right" | 9.5
| align="right" | 14.3
|-
| 1957
| align="right" | 24,000
| align="right" | 550
| align="right" | 250
| align="right" | 300
| align="right" | 22.9
| align="right" | 10.4
| align="right" | 12.5
|-
| 1958
| align="right" | 24,000
| align="right" | 600
| align="right" | 219
| align="right" | 381
| align="right" | 25.0
| align="right" | 9.1
| align="right" | 15.9
|-
| 1959
| align="right" | 24,000
| align="right" | 550
| align="right" | 231
| align="right" | 319
| align="right" | 22.9
| align="right" | 9.6
| align="right" | 13.3
|-
| 1960
| align="right" | 24,000
| align="right" | 616
| align="right" | 221
| align="right" | 395
| align="right" | 25.7
| align="right" | 9.2
| align="right" | 16.5
|-
| 1961
| align="right" | 23,900
| align="right" | 560
| align="right" | 241
| align="right" | 319
| align="right" | 23.4
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" | 13.3
|-
| 1962
| align="right" | 24,100
| align="right" | 561
| align="right" | 212
| align="right" | 349
| align="right" | 23.3
| align="right" | 8.8
| align="right" | 14.5
|-
| 1963
| align="right" | 24,300
| align="right" | 642
| align="right" | 182
| align="right" | 460
| align="right" | 26.4
| align="right" | 7.5
| align="right" | 18.9
|-
| 1964
| align="right" | 24,500
| align="right" | 629
| align="right" | 222
| align="right" | 407
| align="right" | 25.7
| align="right" | 9.1
| align="right" | 16.6
|-
| 1965
| align="right" | 25,300
| align="right" | 679
| align="right" | 243
| align="right" | 436
| align="right" | 26.8
| align="right" | 9.6
| align="right" | 17.2
|-
| 1966
| align="right" | 25,400
| align="right" | 597
| align="right" | 204
| align="right" | 393
| align="right" | 23.5
| align="right" | 8.0
| align="right" | 15.5
|-
| 1967
| align="right" | 25,700
| align="right" | 535
| align="right" | 244
| align="right" | 291
| align="right" | 20.8
| align="right" | 9.5
| align="right" | 11.3
|-
| 1968
| align="right" | 25,900
| align="right" | 542
| align="right" | 216
| align="right" | 326
| align="right" | 20.9
| align="right" | 8.3
| align="right" | 12.6
|-
| 1969
| align="right" | 26,200
| align="right" | 557
| align="right" | 246
| align="right" | 311
| align="right" | 21.3
| align="right" | 9.4
| align="right" | 11.9
|-
| 1970
| align="right" | 26,500
| align="right" | 573
| align="right" | 268
| align="right" | 305
| align="right" | 21.6
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" | 11.5
|-
| 1971
| align="right" | 28,000
| align="right" | 594
| align="right" | 238
| align="right" | 356
| align="right" | 21.2
| align="right" | 8.5
| align="right" | 12.7
|-
| 1972
| align="right" | 29,000
| align="right" | 581
| align="right" | 244
| align="right" | 337
| align="right" | 20.0
| align="right" | 8.4
| align="right" | 11.6
|-
| 1973
| align="right" | 29,600
| align="right" | 536
| align="right" | 244
| align="right" | 292
| align="right" | 18.1
| align="right" | 8.2
| align="right" | 9.9
|-
| 1974
| align="right" | 29,000
| align="right" | 575
| align="right" | 204
| align="right" | 371
| align="right" | 19.8
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" | 12.8
|-
| 1975
| align="right" | 29,700
| align="right" | 525
| align="right" | 231
| align="right" | 294
| align="right" | 17.7
| align="right" | 7.8
| align="right" | 9.9
|-
| 1976
| align="right" | 30,000
| align="right" | 510
| align="right" | 253
| align="right" | 247
| align="right" | 17.0
| align="right" | 8.8
| align="right" | 8.2
|-
| 1977
| align="right" | 30,100
| align="right" | 506
| align="right" | 248
| align="right" | 258
| align="right" | 16.8
| align="right" | 8.2
| align="right" | 8.6
|-
| 1978
| align="right" | 29,400
| align="right" | 520
| align="right" | 253
| align="right" | 267
| align="right" | 17.7
| align="right" | 8.6
| align="right" | 9.1
|-
| 1979
| align="right" | 29,700
| align="right" | 472
| align="right" | 257
| align="right" | 215
| align="right" | 15.9
| align="right" | 8.7
| align="right" | 7.2
|-
| 1980
| align="right" | 29,700
| align="right" | 550
| align="right" | 282
| align="right" | 268
| align="right" | 18.5
| align="right" | 9.5
| align="right" | 9.0
|-
| 1981
| align="right" | 29,700
| align="right" | 511
| align="right" | 231
| align="right" | 280
| align="right" | 17.2
| align="right" | 7.8
| align="right" | 9.4
|-
| 1982
| align="right" | 29,500
| align="right" | 566
| align="right" | 223
| align="right" | 343
| align="right" | 19.2
| align="right" | 7.6
| align="right" | 11.6
|-
| 1983
| align="right" | 29,100
| align="right" | 510
| align="right" | 252
| align="right" | 258
| align="right" | 17.5
| align="right" | 8.7
| align="right" | 8.9
|-
| 1984
| align="right" | 28,800
| align="right" | 506
| align="right" | 265
| align="right" | 241
| align="right" | 17.6
| align="right" | 9.2
| align="right" | 8.4
|-
| 1985
| align="right" | 28,600
| align="right" | 498
| align="right" | 276
| align="right" | 222
| align="right" | 17.4
| align="right" | 9.7
| align="right" | 7.8
|-
| 1986
| align="right" | 29,000
| align="right" | 507
| align="right" | 290
| align="right" | 217
| align="right" | 17.5
| align="right" | 10.0
| align="right" | 7.5
|-
| 1987
| align="right" | 29,500
| align="right" | 531
| align="right" | 217
| align="right" | 314
| align="right" | 18.0
| align="right" | 7.4
| align="right" | 10.6
|-
| 1988
| align="right" | 30,100
| align="right" | 523
| align="right" | 293
| align="right" | 230
| align="right" | 17.4
| align="right" | 9.7
| align="right" | 7.6
|-
| 1989
| align="right" | 30,700
| align="right" | 530
| align="right" | 219
| align="right" | 311
| align="right" | 17.3
| align="right" | 7.1
| align="right" | 10.1
|-
| 1990
| align="right" | 30,900
| align="right" | 531
| align="right" | 279
| align="right" | 252
| align="right" | 17.2
| align="right" | 9.0
| align="right" | 8.2
|-
| 1991
| align="right" | 30,000
| align="right" | 567
| align="right" | 255
| align="right" | 312
| align="right" | 18.9
| align="right" | 8.5
| align="right" | 10.4
|-
| 1992
| align="right" | 28,800
| align="right" | 569
| align="right" | 205
| align="right" | 364
| align="right" | 19.7
| align="right" | 7.1
| align="right" | 12.6
|-
| 1993
| align="right" | 28,100
| align="right" | 518
| align="right" | 275
| align="right" | 243
| align="right" | 18.5
| align="right" | 9.8
| align="right" | 8.7
|-
| 1994
| align="right" | 27,100
| align="right" | 509
| align="right" | 261
| align="right" | 248
| align="right" | 18.8
| align="right" | 9.6
| align="right" | 9.1
|-
| 1995
| align="right" | 27,200
| align="right" | 435
| align="right" | 205
| align="right" | 230
| align="right" | 16.0
| align="right" | 7.5
| align="right" | 8.5
|-
| 1996
| align="right" | 27,100
| align="right" | 445
| align="right" | 221
| align="right" | 224
| align="right" | 16.4
| align="right" | 8.2
| align="right" | 8.3
|-
| 1997
| align="right" | 27,200
| align="right" | 427
| align="right" | 263
| align="right" | 164
| align="right" | 15.7
| align="right" | 9.7
| align="right" | 6.0
|-
| 1998
| align="right" | 27,000
| align="right" | 411
| align="right" | 267
| align="right" | 144
| align="right" | 15.2
| align="right" | 9.9
| align="right" | 5.3
|-
| 1999
| align="right" | 27,200
| align="right" | 381
| align="right" | 277
| align="right" | 104
| align="right" | 14.0
| align="right" | 10.2
| align="right" | 3.8
|-
| 2000
| align="right" | 27,000
| align="right" | 408
| align="right" | 262
| align="right" | 146
| align="right" | 15.1
| align="right" | 9.7
| align="right" | 5.4
|-
| 2001
| align="right" | 28,200
| align="right" | 374
| align="right" | 249
| align="right" | 125
| align="right" | 13.2
| align="right" | 8.8
| align="right" | 4.4
|-
| 2002
| align="right" | 28,500
| align="right" | 371
| align="right" | 242
| align="right" | 129
| align="right" | 13.0
| align="right" | 8.5
| align="right" | 4.5
|-
| 2003
| align="right" | 28,600
| align="right" | 372
| align="right" | 234
| align="right" | 138
| align="right" | 13.0
| align="right" | 8.2
| align="right" | 4.8
|-
| 2004
| align="right" | 28,800
| align="right" | 421
| align="right" | 242
| align="right" | 179
| align="right" | 14.6
| align="right" | 8.4
| align="right" | 6.2
|-
| 2005
| align="right" | 28,800
| align="right" | 418
| align="right" | 249
| align="right" | 169
| align="right" | 14.5
| align="right" | 8.7
| align="right" | 5.9
|-
| 2006
| align="right" | 28,900
| align="right" | 373
| align="right" | 230
| align="right" | 143
| align="right" | 12.9
| align="right" | 8.0
| align="right" | 5.0
|-
| 2007
| align="right" | 29,300
| align="right" | 400
| align="right" | 202
| align="right" | 198
| align="right" | 13.7
| align="right" | 6.9
| align="right" | 6.8
|-
| 2008
| align="right" | 29,300
| align="right" | 400
| align="right" | 227
| align="right" | 173
| align="right" | 13.7
| align="right" | 7.8
| align="right" | 5.9
|-
| 2009
| align="right" | 29,400
| align="right" | 417
| align="right" | 234
| align="right" | 183
| align="right" | 14.2
| align="right" | 8.0
| align="right" | 6.2
|-
| 2010
| align="right" | 29,441
| align="right" | 493
| align="right" | 231
| align="right" | 262
| align="right" | 16.7
| align="right" | 7.8
| align="right" | 8.9
|-
| 2011
| align="right" | 29,752
| align="right" | 442
| align="right" | 241
| align="right" | 201
| align="right" | 14.9
| align="right" | 8.1
| align="right" | 6.8
|-
| 2012
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 461
| align="right" | 264
| align="right" | 197
| align="right" | 15.4
| align="right" | 8.8
| align="right" | 6.6
|-
| 2013
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 426
| align="right" | 230
| align="right" | 196
| align="right" | 13.0
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" | 6.0
|-
| 2015
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 492
| align="right" | 235
| align="right" | 257
| align="right" | 14.7
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" | 7.7
|-
| 2016
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 424
| align="right" | 249
| align="right" | 175
| align="right" | 12.5
| align="right" | 7.3
| align="right" | 5.2
|-
| 2017
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 286
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| 2018
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 402<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gibraltar's most popular baby names of 2018 revealed |url=https://www.gbc.gi/news/gibraltars-most-popular-baby-names%C2%A0-2018-revealed |access-date=2024-06-08|website=www.gbc.gi}}</ref>
| align="right" | 315
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| 2019
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 423<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethan and Olivia; Gibraltar's most popular baby names of 2019|url=https://www.gbc.gi/news/thomas-and-anna-gibraltars-most-popular-baby-names-2020 |access-date=2024-06-08|website=www.gbc.gi}}</ref>
| align="right" | 268
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| 2020
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 383<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thomas and Anna; Gibraltar's most popular baby names 2020
|url=https://www.gbc.gi/news/ethan-and-olivia-gibraltars-most-popular-baby-names-2019 |access-date=2024-06-08|website=www.gbc.gi}}</ref>
| align="right" | 270
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| 2021
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 417<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kai and Sophia most popular baby names of 2021 on the Rock
|url=https://www.gbc.gi/news/kai-and-sophia-most-popular-baby-names-2021-rock |access-date=2024-06-08|website=www.gbc.gi}}</ref>
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| 2022
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 364<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sienna, Leo & Elijah - most popular baby names of 2022
|url=https://www.gbc.gi/news/sienna-leo-elijah-most-popular-baby-names-2022 |access-date=2024-06-08|website=www.gbc.gi}}</ref>
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|-
| 2023
| align="right" |
| align="right" | 318<ref>{{Cite web |title=Luca, Ava and Lucia top 2023 baby names list, as number of births drops
|url=https://www.gbc.gi/news/luca-ava-and-lucia-top-2023-baby-names-list-number-births-drops |access-date=2024-06-08|website=www.gbc.gi}}</ref>
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
| align="right" |
|} |}
<sup>1</sup><small>During ] a large part of the civilian population (including most women) were evacuated.</small>

===Structure of the population===


{{Hidden begin
|title= Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 12.XI.2012) (Excluding military personnel, visitors and transients.): <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/#statistics |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=unstats.un.org}}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
|- |-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! Rank !! National origin !! Percentage of people of<br />working age with a ]
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|- |-
| align="right" | Total
| 1 || Indian || 71%
| align="right" | 16 061
| align="right" | 16 133
| align="right" | 32 194
| align="right" | 100
|- |-
| align="right" | 0–4
| 2 || British || 26%
| align="right" | 982
| align="right" | 970
| align="right" | 1 952
| align="right" | 6.06
|- |-
| align="right" | 5–9
| 3 || Other EU || 24%
| align="right" | 967
| align="right" | 927
| align="right" | 1 894
| align="right" | 5.88
|- |-
| align="right" | 10–14
| 4 || All other national origins || 24%
| align="right" | 1 050
| align="right" | 937
| align="right" | 1 987
| align="right" | 6.17
|- |-
| align="right" | 15–19
| 5 || National average || 23%
| align="right" | 1 038
| align="right" | 959
| align="right" | 1 997
| align="right" | 6.20
|- |-
| align="right" | 20–24
| 6 || Gibraltarian || 23%
| align="right" | 1 042
| align="right" | 986
| align="right" | 2 028
| align="right" | 6.30
|- |-
| align="right" | 25–29
| 7 || Spanish || 16%
| align="right" | 999
| align="right" | 986
| align="right" | 1 985
| align="right" | 6.17
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 1 107
| align="right" | 1 047
| align="right" | 2 154
| align="right" | 6.69
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 1 080
| align="right" | 1 137
| align="right" | 2 217
| align="right" | 6.89
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 1 076
| align="right" | 1 122
| align="right" | 2 198
| align="right" | 6.83
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 1 203
| align="right" | 1 181
| align="right" | 2 384
| align="right" | 7.41
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 1 072
| align="right" | 1 086
| align="right" | 2 158
| align="right" | 6.70
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 1 054
| align="right" | 987
| align="right" | 2 041
| align="right" | 6.34
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 1 034
| align="right" | 920
| align="right" | 1 954
| align="right" | 6.07
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 853
| align="right" | 802
| align="right" | 1 655
| align="right" | 5.14
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 563
| align="right" | 613
| align="right" | 1 176
| align="right" | 3.65
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 456
| align="right" | 565
| align="right" | 1 021
| align="right" | 3.17
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 297
| align="right" | 435
| align="right" | 732
| align="right" | 2.27
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 141
| align="right" | 296
| align="right" | 437
| align="right" | 1.36
|-
| align="right" | 90–94
| align="right" | 37
| align="right" | 143
| align="right" | 180
| align="right" | 0.56
|-
| align="right" | 95–99
| align="right" | 10
| align="right" | 29
| align="right" | 39
| align="right" | 0.12
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 0
| align="right" | 5
| align="right" | 5
| align="right" | 0.02
|-
! width="50"|Age group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 2 999
| align="right" | 2 834
| align="right" | 5 833
| align="right" | 18.12
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 10 705
| align="right" | 10 411
| align="right" | 21 116
| align="right" | 65.59
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 2 357
| align="right" | 2 888
| align="right" | 5 245
| align="right" | 16.29
|- |-
| 8 || Moroccan || 14%
|} |}
{{Hidden end}}


== CIA World Factbook demographic statistics ==
==Crime rate==

The following demographic statistics are from the ], unless otherwise indicated.

===Population age===
: ''0-14 years:'' 19.99% (male 3,034; female 2,888)
: ''15-64 years:'' 62.62% (male 9,357; female 9,197)
: ''65 years and over:'' 17.39% (male 2,523; female 2,630) (2023 est.)

===Sex ratio===
: ''At birth:'' 1.05 males/female
: ''0-14 years:'' 1.05 males/female
: ''15-64 years:'' 1.02 males/female
: ''65 years and over:'' 0.96 males/female
: ''total population:'' 1.01 males/female (2023 est.)

The median age is:
: total: 36.6 years
: male: 36 years
: female: 37.2 years (2023 est.)

===Life expectancy at birth===
: ''total population:'' 80.7 years
: ''male:'' 77.8 years
: ''female:'' 83.6 years (2023 est.)

===Fertility===
1.9 children born/woman (2023 est.)

===Infant mortality===
: ''total:'' 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births
: ''male:'' 5.3 deaths/1,000 live births
: ''female:'' 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)

===Nationality===
: ''noun:'' Gibraltarian(s)
: ''adjective:'' Gibraltar

===Religions===
{| class="wikitable" {| class="wikitable"
| ] || {{percentage bar|72.1}}
|- |-
| ] || {{percentage bar|7.7}}
!Total crimes (per capita) by national origin
!
!
|- |-
| Other ] || {{percentage bar|3.8}}
| Moroccan
|
|9.4 per 100 people
|- |-
| ] || {{percentage bar|3.6}}
| Gibraltarian
|
| 6.3 per 100 people
|- |-
| ] || {{percentage bar|2.4}}
| UK British
|
| 6.3 per 100 people
|- |-
| ] || {{percentage bar|2.0}}
| National average
|
| 6.3 per 100 people
|- |-
| other or unspecified || {{percentage bar|1.3}}
| Other EU
|
| 5.8 per 100 people
|- |-
| none || {{percentage bar|7.1}}
| Other national origins
|
| 5.4 per 100 people
|-
| Indian
|
|1.6 per 100 people
|} |}
(2012 census)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census of Gibraltar, 2012 |url=https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/HMGoG_Documents/Full%20Census%20Report%202012%20FINAL.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410073631/https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/HMGoG_Documents/Full%20Census%20Report%202012%20FINAL.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2024 |access-date=10 April 2024}}</ref>


===Languages===
A total of 2,093 ]s were recorded in Gibraltar during 2005/2006.
] (used in schools and for official purposes), ]. Most Gibraltarians converse in '']'', an ] based ]. It consists of an eclectic mix of Andalusian Spanish and ] as well as languages such as ], ], ] of the ] variety and ]. Among more educated Gibraltarians, it also typically involves ] to English. ] is spoken by the Moroccan community, just like ] and ] is spoken by the Indian community of Gibraltar. ] is still spoken by some families of Maltese descent.
Indians had a significantly lower crime rate in 2005/2006 than all other national origins in Gibraltar at 1.69 crimes per 100 Indian people. The crimes per 100 population in Gibraltar now stands at 6.3. The crime rate for Gibraltarians and Moroccans has risen from 6.1 and 9.36 per 100 people in 2004/2005 to its current levels.


==Notes== ==Notes==
Line 251: Line 1,155:


{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Gibraltar}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Gibraltar}}
] ]
]

]

Latest revision as of 17:28, 13 September 2024

Part of a series on the
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Demographic features of the population of Gibraltar include ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.

Ethnic origins

One of the main features of Gibraltar's population is the diversity of their ethnic origins. The demographics of Gibraltar reflects Gibraltarians' racial and cultural fusion of the many European and non-European immigrants who came to the Rock over three hundred years. They are the descendants of economic migrants that came to Gibraltar after the majority of the Spanish population left in 1704.

Spanish

The majority of the Spanish population in Gibraltar (about 5000), with few exceptions, left Gibraltar when the Dutch and English took the city in 1704. The few Spaniards who remained in Gibraltar in August 1704 were augmented by others who arrived in the fleet with Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt, possibly some two hundred in all, mostly Catalans.

Menorcans began migrating to Gibraltar at the beginning of the common British rule in 1713, thanks to the links between both British possessions during the 18th century. Initially, Menorcans came to Gibraltar looking for work in several trades, especially when Gibraltar was rebuilt after the 1783 Grand Siege. Immigration continued even after Menorca (the original English name was "Minorca") was returned to Spain in 1802 by the Treaty of Amiens.

Immigration from Spain (like the exiles from the Spanish Civil War) and intermarriage with Spaniards from the surrounding Spanish towns was a constant feature of Gibraltar's history until the then Spanish dictator, General Francisco Franco, closed the border with Gibraltar in 1969, cutting off many Gibraltarians from their relatives on the Spanish side of the frontier.

Together, Gibraltarians of Spanish origin are one of the bigger groups (more than 24% according to last names, even more taking into account the fact that many Spanish women married native Gibraltarians).

British

Britons have come and settled or gone since the first days of the conquest. One group of Britons have had temporary residence in Gibraltar (to work in the administration and the garrison). This group, who represented a larger proportion in the beginning of the British period, are nowadays only about 3% of the total population (around 1,000 persons).

A larger group is formed by the Britons who moved to Gibraltar and settled down. Some of them, since the beginning, moved to Gibraltar to earn a living as traders and workers. Others moved to Gibraltar on a temporary assignment and then married local women. Major construction projects, such as the dockyard in the late 1890s and early 20th century brought large numbers of workers from Great Britain.

13% of Gibraltarian residents are from the United Kingdom proper and the electoral roll shows that 27% of Gibraltar's population has British surnames.

Genoese and other Italians

Genoese came during the 18th and 19th centuries, especially from the poorer parts of Liguria, some of them annually following fishing shoals, as repairmen for the British navy, or as successful traders and merchants; many others came during the Napoleonic period to avoid obligatory conscription to the French Army. Genoese formed the larger group of the new population in the 18th century and middle 19th century. Other Italians came from islands like Sardinia and Sicily. Nowadays, people with Genoese/Italian last names represent about 20% of the population.

Portuguese

Portuguese were one of the earliest groups to move to Gibraltar, especially from the Algarve region in the far south of Portugal. Most of them went to work as labourers and some as traders. Their number increased significantly during the 18th century. Interestingly, in 1814 out of 49 lightermen, 43 were from Portugal and they were part of a community comprising around 650 working men aged 17 and above. A notable example of the Portuguese presence in Gibraltair is the existence, in the territory, of an example of calçada portuguesa.

A further increase in the community occurred when many Spaniards left their jobs in Gibraltar after General Franco closed the border in 1969. In the 1970s and 1980s many Portuguese worked in Gibraltar, especially in construction. Even today many Portuguese still live in the territory and many are still working in the construction sector, both working inbuilding sites and importing material from Portugal. As of 2023, for instance, a Portuguese company was in charge of building the tallest building in Gibraltar.

About 10% of last names in Gibraltar have Portuguese origin; the Portuguese are part of a wider Portuguese-speaking community comprising also Luso-Indians and Brazilians. Moreover, today there are around 500 Portuguese who live in La Línea de la Concepción and commute to Gibraltar for work every day. A notable Luso-Gibraltarian is football player Bernardo Lopes.

Moroccans

Moroccans have always had a significant presence in Gibraltar. However, the modern community has more recent origins. Moroccans began arriving in Gibraltar soon after the Spanish government imposed the first restrictions on Spanish workers in Gibraltar in 1964. By the end of 1968 there were at least 1,300 Moroccan workers resident in Gibraltar and this more than doubled following the final closure of the frontier with Spain in June 1969. There is also a significant number of Moroccan Jews in Gibraltar, representing Jews of both Sephardic origin and Arabic speaking Jews of Morocco (although almost no Gibraltarian Jews today speak Arabic as a first language). Most notably the Hassan family which runs Gibraltar's largest law firm Hassans International Law Firm and the late Sir Joshua Hassan who served four terms as Chief Minister for a total of 20 years.

Other groups

Other groups include:

  • Malta was in the same imperial route to the east as Gibraltar. Maltese people came to Gibraltar when jobs were scarce at home, or to escape the law in Malta.
  • Jews, most of them of Sephardi origin, were able to re-establish their rites, forbidden in Catholic Spain, right after the British occupation in 1704. Also a significant number of Jews from London settled in Gibraltar, especially since the Great Siege.
  • Indians, came as merchants after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1870; many others migrated as workers after the closure of the frontier with Spain in 1969 to replace Spanish ones.
  • French, many of whom came after the French Revolution in 1789, set up trade and commerce.

National censuses

Nationality 2001 census 2012 census
Number Percentage Number Percentage
Gibraltarian 22,882 83.22% 25,444 79.03%
Other British 2,627 9.55% 4,249 13.20%
Moroccan 961 3.50% 522 1.62%
Spanish 326 1.19% 675 2.10%
Other EU 275 1.00% 785 2.44%
Other 424 1.54% 519 1.61%
Total 27,495 100% 32,194 100%

Population overview

Civilian population in Gibraltar according to the censuses from 1725 to 2001

The population of Gibraltar was 29,752 in 2011.

Vital statistics

Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000)
1934 17,000 448 279 169 26.4 16.4 9.9
1935 18,000 457 338 119 25.4 18.8 6.6
1936 18,000 476 355 121 26.4 19.7 6.7
1937 19,000 491 366 125 25.8 19.3 6.6
1938 19,000 488 335 153 25.7 17.6 8.1
1939 19,000 508 345 163 26.7 18.2 8.6
1940 14,000 241 326 -85 17.2 23.3 -6.1
1941 10,000 4 94 -90 0.4 9.4 -9.0
1942 10,000 1 145 -144 0.1 14.5 -14.4
1943 10,000 3 130 -127 0.3 13.0 -12.7
1944 15,000 50 126 -76 3.3 8.4 -5.1
1945 20,000 614 192 422 30.7 9.6 21.1
1946 21,000 449 206 224 21.4 9.8 10.7
1947 22,000 471 184 246 21.4 8.4 11.2
1948 23,000 491 211 280 21.3 9.2 12.2
1949 23,000 525 215 310 22.8 9.3 13.5
1950 23,000 459 207 252 20.0 9.0 11.0
1951 23,000 544 285 259 23.7 12.4 11.3
1952 23,000 551 226 325 24.0 9.8 14.1
1953 23,000 525 228 297 22.8 9.9 12.9
1954 24,000 566 235 331 23.6 9.8 13.8
1955 24,000 561 224 337 23.4 9.3 14.0
1956 24,000 571 227 344 23.8 9.5 14.3
1957 24,000 550 250 300 22.9 10.4 12.5
1958 24,000 600 219 381 25.0 9.1 15.9
1959 24,000 550 231 319 22.9 9.6 13.3
1960 24,000 616 221 395 25.7 9.2 16.5
1961 23,900 560 241 319 23.4 10.1 13.3
1962 24,100 561 212 349 23.3 8.8 14.5
1963 24,300 642 182 460 26.4 7.5 18.9
1964 24,500 629 222 407 25.7 9.1 16.6
1965 25,300 679 243 436 26.8 9.6 17.2
1966 25,400 597 204 393 23.5 8.0 15.5
1967 25,700 535 244 291 20.8 9.5 11.3
1968 25,900 542 216 326 20.9 8.3 12.6
1969 26,200 557 246 311 21.3 9.4 11.9
1970 26,500 573 268 305 21.6 10.1 11.5
1971 28,000 594 238 356 21.2 8.5 12.7
1972 29,000 581 244 337 20.0 8.4 11.6
1973 29,600 536 244 292 18.1 8.2 9.9
1974 29,000 575 204 371 19.8 7.0 12.8
1975 29,700 525 231 294 17.7 7.8 9.9
1976 30,000 510 253 247 17.0 8.8 8.2
1977 30,100 506 248 258 16.8 8.2 8.6
1978 29,400 520 253 267 17.7 8.6 9.1
1979 29,700 472 257 215 15.9 8.7 7.2
1980 29,700 550 282 268 18.5 9.5 9.0
1981 29,700 511 231 280 17.2 7.8 9.4
1982 29,500 566 223 343 19.2 7.6 11.6
1983 29,100 510 252 258 17.5 8.7 8.9
1984 28,800 506 265 241 17.6 9.2 8.4
1985 28,600 498 276 222 17.4 9.7 7.8
1986 29,000 507 290 217 17.5 10.0 7.5
1987 29,500 531 217 314 18.0 7.4 10.6
1988 30,100 523 293 230 17.4 9.7 7.6
1989 30,700 530 219 311 17.3 7.1 10.1
1990 30,900 531 279 252 17.2 9.0 8.2
1991 30,000 567 255 312 18.9 8.5 10.4
1992 28,800 569 205 364 19.7 7.1 12.6
1993 28,100 518 275 243 18.5 9.8 8.7
1994 27,100 509 261 248 18.8 9.6 9.1
1995 27,200 435 205 230 16.0 7.5 8.5
1996 27,100 445 221 224 16.4 8.2 8.3
1997 27,200 427 263 164 15.7 9.7 6.0
1998 27,000 411 267 144 15.2 9.9 5.3
1999 27,200 381 277 104 14.0 10.2 3.8
2000 27,000 408 262 146 15.1 9.7 5.4
2001 28,200 374 249 125 13.2 8.8 4.4
2002 28,500 371 242 129 13.0 8.5 4.5
2003 28,600 372 234 138 13.0 8.2 4.8
2004 28,800 421 242 179 14.6 8.4 6.2
2005 28,800 418 249 169 14.5 8.7 5.9
2006 28,900 373 230 143 12.9 8.0 5.0
2007 29,300 400 202 198 13.7 6.9 6.8
2008 29,300 400 227 173 13.7 7.8 5.9
2009 29,400 417 234 183 14.2 8.0 6.2
2010 29,441 493 231 262 16.7 7.8 8.9
2011 29,752 442 241 201 14.9 8.1 6.8
2012 461 264 197 15.4 8.8 6.6
2013 426 230 196 13.0 7.0 6.0
2015 492 235 257 14.7 7.0 7.7
2016 424 249 175 12.5 7.3 5.2
2017 286
2018 402 315
2019 423 268
2020 383 270
2021 417
2022 364
2023 318

During World War II a large part of the civilian population (including most women) were evacuated.

Structure of the population

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 12.XI.2012) (Excluding military personnel, visitors and transients.):
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 16 061 16 133 32 194 100
0–4 982 970 1 952 6.06
5–9 967 927 1 894 5.88
10–14 1 050 937 1 987 6.17
15–19 1 038 959 1 997 6.20
20–24 1 042 986 2 028 6.30
25–29 999 986 1 985 6.17
30–34 1 107 1 047 2 154 6.69
35–39 1 080 1 137 2 217 6.89
40–44 1 076 1 122 2 198 6.83
45–49 1 203 1 181 2 384 7.41
50–54 1 072 1 086 2 158 6.70
55–59 1 054 987 2 041 6.34
60–64 1 034 920 1 954 6.07
65–69 853 802 1 655 5.14
70–74 563 613 1 176 3.65
75–79 456 565 1 021 3.17
80–84 297 435 732 2.27
85–89 141 296 437 1.36
90–94 37 143 180 0.56
95–99 10 29 39 0.12
100+ 0 5 5 0.02
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 2 999 2 834 5 833 18.12
15–64 10 705 10 411 21 116 65.59
65+ 2 357 2 888 5 245 16.29

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population age

0-14 years: 19.99% (male 3,034; female 2,888)
15-64 years: 62.62% (male 9,357; female 9,197)
65 years and over: 17.39% (male 2,523; female 2,630) (2023 est.)

Sex ratio

At birth: 1.05 males/female
0-14 years: 1.05 males/female
15-64 years: 1.02 males/female
65 years and over: 0.96 males/female
total population: 1.01 males/female (2023 est.)

The median age is:

total: 36.6 years
male: 36 years
female: 37.2 years (2023 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 80.7 years
male: 77.8 years
female: 83.6 years (2023 est.)

Fertility

1.9 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Infant mortality

total: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est.)

Nationality

noun: Gibraltarian(s)
adjective: Gibraltar

Religions

Roman Catholic 72.1%
Church of England 7.7%
Other Christian 3.8%
Muslim 3.6%
Jewish 2.4%
Hindu 2.0%
other or unspecified 1.3%
none 7.1%

(2012 census)

Languages

English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish. Most Gibraltarians converse in Llanito, an Andalusian Spanish based vernacular. It consists of an eclectic mix of Andalusian Spanish and British English as well as languages such as Maltese, Portuguese, Italian of the Genoese variety and Haketia. Among more educated Gibraltarians, it also typically involves code-switching to English. Arabic is spoken by the Moroccan community, just like Hindi and Sindhi is spoken by the Indian community of Gibraltar. Maltese is still spoken by some families of Maltese descent.

Notes

  1. "Spaniards in Gibraltar" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2006.
  2. Jackson, William (1990). The Rock of the Gibraltarians. A History of Gibraltar (second ed.). Grendon, Northamptonshire, UK: Gibraltar Books. p. 225. ISBN 0-948466-14-6.: "The open frontier helped to increase the Spanish share, and naval links with Minorca produced the small Minorcan contingent."
  3. Edward G. Archer (2006). Gibraltar, identity and empire. Routledge. pp. 42–43. ISBN 978-0-415-34796-9.
  4. Archer, Edward G.: Gibraltar, identity and empire, page 43. Routledge Advances in European Politics.
  5. Archer, Edward G.: Gibraltar, identity and empire, page 40. Routledge Advances in European Politics.
  6. Archer, Edward G.: Gibraltar, identity and empire, page 37. Routledge Advances in European Politics.
  7. ^ Levey, David: Language change and variation in Gibraltar, page 24. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  8. "A emigração de Algarvios para Gibraltar e Sudoeste da Andaluzia".
  9. "Quarantine against Portuguese ports" (PDF). JSTOR 41450744.
  10. Archer, E. G. (2013-01-11). Gibraltar, Identity and Empire. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-00550-3.
  11. Rodrigues, Andreia (2021-11-15). "Estremadura reconhece a calçada portuguesa em Badajoz". El Trapezio (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  12. Rodrigues, Hugo (2016-02-23). "Aeroclube do Algarve seeks to rebuild itself to continue serving the region". Sul Informação. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  13. "'Brexit'. "Londres sabe que Gibraltar precisa de um vínculo pragmático com a União Europeia"". Expresso (in Portuguese). 2020-08-31. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  14. Romaguera, Cándido (2013-10-23). "Gibraltar sidesteps Spanish import embargo for land reclamation works". EL PAÍS English. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  15. "Trabalhadores portugueses do setor da construção civil em Gibraltar contagiados". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). 2021-11-18. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  16. "Portugueses no Mundo de 29 jan 2019 - RTP Play - RTP". RTP Play (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  17. "Comércio Internacional de mercadorias de Portugal".
  18. "Portuguese group builds tallest building in Gibraltar". www.theportugalnews.com. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  19. Archer, Edward G.: Gibraltar, identity and empire, page 41. Routledge Advances in European Politics.
  20. Oureana, Fundação Historico Cultural (2023-09-21). "Fundação Oureana recordou em Gibraltar os 80 anos da morte do General Władysław Sikorski, Primeiro-Ministro da Polônia". Fundação Histórico-Cultural Oureana (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  21. Lusa, Agência. "Brexit. Pairam incertezas em ambos os lados da fronteira de Gibraltar". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  22. "Bernardo Lopes é português mas representa seleção de Gibraltar: "Sinto-me em casa"". www.record.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  23. "Sussex Migration Briefing - Steps to resolving the situation of Moroccans in Gibraltar" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-06-07.
  24. Legal 500, 2009
  25. Nash, Elizabeth (2 July 1997). "Obituary: Sir Joshua Hassan". The Independent. Archived from the original on 18 August 2010. Retrieved 23 November 2009.
  26. Archer, Edward G.: Gibraltar, identity and empire, page 44. Routledge Advances in European Politics.
  27. Archer, Edward G.: Gibraltar, identity and empire, page 38. Routledge Advances in European Politics.
  28. Archer, Edward G.: Gibraltar, identity and empire, page 45. Routledge Advances in European Politics.
  29. "Census of Gibraltar 2001" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-03-29. Retrieved 2012-04-10.
  30. "Census of Gibraltar 2012" (PDF). Government of Gibraltar.
  31. "Full Census Report 2012 - Government of Gibraltar". www.gibraltar.gov.gi. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-01-12.
  32. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-28. Retrieved 2011-03-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  33. "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org.
  34. "Gibraltar's most popular baby names of 2018 revealed". www.gbc.gi. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
  35. "Ethan and Olivia; Gibraltar's most popular baby names of 2019". www.gbc.gi. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
  36. "Thomas and Anna; Gibraltar's most popular baby names 2020". www.gbc.gi. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
  37. "Kai and Sophia most popular baby names of 2021 on the Rock". www.gbc.gi. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
  38. "Sienna, Leo & Elijah - most popular baby names of 2022". www.gbc.gi. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
  39. "Luca, Ava and Lucia top 2023 baby names list, as number of births drops". www.gbc.gi. Retrieved 2024-06-08.
  40. "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
  41. "Census of Gibraltar, 2012" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.

References

See also

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