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{{Short description|Fringe unified theory of physics}}
{{ Underconstruction }}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}


'''Heim theory''', first proposed by German physicist ] publicly in 1957, is an attempt to develop a ] in ]. The theory claims to bridge some of the disagreements between ] and ].<ref name=long/> The theory has received little attention in the scientific literature and is regarded as being outside mainstream science<ref name=newsci/><ref name=long>
{{cite book
| last = Long
| first = Kelvin F.
| title = Deep Space Propulsion: A Roadmap to Interstellar Flight
| publisher = ]
| year = 2012
| format = Google Books preview
| pages = 295–296
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EAD2-GrarkEC&q=Heim+theory&pg=PA295
| isbn =978-1461406075}}</ref><ref name=drow>
{{cite web
|author1=Citation rates |author2=other information | title = Dröscher, W.
| publisher = Google Scholar
| date = 20 July 2013
| url = https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=Dr%C3%B6scher%2C+W.&btnG=&as_sdt=1%2C22&as_sdtp=
| access-date =2013-07-20}}</ref><ref name=giov>
{{cite book
| last = Modanese
| first = Giovanni and Robertson, Glen A.
| title = Gravity-Superconductors Interactions: Theory and Experiment
| publisher = ]
| year = 2012
| format = Google Books preview
| pages = 230–231
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YafxlC5hL0UC&q=%22heim+theory%22+physics&pg=PA231
| isbn =978-1608054008}}</ref> but has attracted some interest in popular and fringe media.<ref name=giov/><ref>
{{cite book
| last = Farrell
| first = Joseph P.
| title = Babylon's Banksters: The Alchemy of Deep Physics, High Finance and Ancient Religion
| publisher = ]
| year=2010
| location = Port Townsend, WA
| pages = 110–111
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=UvSGUxT76NkC&q=%22heim+theory%22+physics&pg=PA111
| isbn = 978-1932595796}}</ref><ref name=ufo>{{cite book
| title =Ufos For Know-It-Alls
| publisher =Filiquarian Publishing
| year =2008
| pages =41
| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=E2hO2WIlgS0C&q=%22heim+theory%22+physics&pg=PA42
| isbn =978-1599862323
}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


==Development==
'''Heim theory''' is a non-mainstream collection of ideas about the fundamental laws of ] proposed by ]<ref></ref>, <ref></ref> and further developed into the so-called ''Extended Heim theory'' by ] and Jochem Häuser, which attempts to apply it to nonconventional ] and ] applications by using the principles of ''Hermetry'' (A word coined by Heim in 1952 that combines the words ''hermeneutics'' and ''geometry'').<ref></ref>. Most of their original work and the subsequent theories based on it have not been ]ed. Heim attempted to resolve incompatibilities between ] and ]. To meet that goal, he developed a mathematical approach based on quantizing spacetime, and proposed the "metron" as a (two-dimensional) ] of (multidimensional) space. Part of the theory is formulated in terms of ]s; Heim called the mathematical formalism "Selector calculus".<ref>{{cite book |first=Burkhard |last=Heim |title=Elementarstrukturen der Materie - Einheitliche strukturelle Quantenfeldtheorie der Materie und Gravitation |publisher=Resch Verlag |origyear=1980 |year=1998 |isbn=3-85382-008-5 |chapter=Chapter 3 |pages=99–172}}</ref>
Heim attempted to resolve incompatibilities between ] and ]. To meet that goal, he developed a mathematical approach based on quantizing ].<ref name=newsci>
{{cite news
| last =Lietz
| first =Haiko
| title = Take a leap into hyperspace
| newspaper = ] magazine
| format = Full text article available for free download.
| quote = ...the idea relies on an obscure and largely unrecognized kind of physics...The majority of physicists have never heard of Heim theory, and most of those contacted by New Scientist said they couldn't make sense of Dröscher and Häuser's description of the theory behind their proposed experiment...The general consensus seems to be that Dröscher and Häuser's theory is incomplete at best...it has not passed any normal form of peer review.
| publisher =Reed Business Information Ltd.
| date =5 January 2006
| url = http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/ciencia_hyperdimensions11.htm
| access-date =2013-07-20}}</ref> Others have attempted to apply Heim theory to nonconventional ] and ] concepts, as well as the origin of ].<ref name="hpcc-space.de/publications">. HPCC-Space GmbH. 2006.</ref><ref name=auerbach>
{{cite journal
|author1=Auerbach, T.
|author2=von Ludwiger, I.
|title=Heim's Theory of Elementary Particle Structures
|journal=Journal of Scientific Exploration
|volume=6
|pages=217–231
|quote=So far Heim has not succeeded in finding a criterion which would limit the number of excited states to those actually observed. Despite the insight gained into particle physics, the theory is not entirely equivalent to modem quantum theory. This enables to derive logically precise statements about the process of life, the origin of paranormal phenomena, and the structure of realms far transcending the 4-dimensional world of our experience.
|date=1992
|issue=3
|url=http://scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_06_3_auerbach.pdf
|access-date=2013-07-20
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507015633/http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/jse_06_3_auerbach.pdf
|archive-date=7 May 2012
}}{{rs?|date=February 2020}}</ref>


Heim claimed that his theory yields particle masses directly from fundamental ] and that the resulting ]es are in agreement with experiment, but this claim has not been confirmed. Heim's theory is formulated mathematically in six or more dimensions and uses Heim's own version of ]s.
==Overview==


==References==
The mathematics behind Heim's theory requires extending spacetime with extra dimensions; various formulations by Heim and his successors involve six, eight, or twelve dimensions. Within the quantum spacetime of Heim theory, ] are represented as "hermetry forms" or multidimensional structures of space. Heim has claimed that his theory yields particle masses directly from fundamental physical constants and that the resulting masses are in agreement with experiment. This claim was disputed by physicist John Reed in 2006, who then changed his mind with further research and now thinks there is something to Heim's theory.<ref>J. Reed (2006, 2007); quoted in (accessed 16 June 2007).</ref>

For Heim, this composite nature was an expression of internal, six-dimensional structure. After his death, others have continued with his multi-dimensional "quantum hyperspace" framework. Most notable are the theoretical generalizations put forth by ], who worked in collaboration with Heim at some length. Their combined theories are also known as "Heim-Droescher" theories or Extended Heim theory<ref></ref>.

There are some differences between the original "Heim Theory" and the extended versions proposed by his successors. For example, in its original version Heim theory has six dimensions, i.e. the 4 of normal space-time with two extra timelike dimensions. Droescher first extended this to eight and claimed that this yields ] along with the "particle zoo" of ]s and ]s. Later, four more dimensions were used to arrive at the twelve dimensional version, which involves extra gravitational forces; one of these corresponds to ] <ref></ref>.
Although it purports to unify quantum mechanics and gravitation, the original Heim theory cannot be considered a ] because it does not incorporate all known experimental data. In particular, it gives predictions only for properties of individual particles, without making detailed predictions about how they interact. The theory also allows for particle states that don't exist in the ], including a ] ] and two extra light ]s, and many other extra states. Presently, there is no known mechanism for the exclusion of these extra particles, nor an explanation for their non-observation. <ref></ref> Although it is claimed that Heim theory can incorporate the ] <ref></ref>, the available results predict the masses for composite ]s rather than ]s and do not include ]s or the ] <ref></ref>, which are experimentally very well-established.<ref>{{cite journal | author= R. Brandelik et al. (] collaboration) | title=Evidence for Planar Events in e<sup>+</sup>e<sup>-</sup> Annihilation at High Energies | journal=Phys. Lett. B| year=1979 | volume=86 | pages=243–249 | doi=10.1016/0370-2693(79)90830-X}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author= G. Arnison et al. (] collaboration) | title=Experimental Observation of Isolated Large Transverse Energy Electrons with Associated Missing Energy at <math>\sqrt{s}</math> = 540 GeV | journal=Phys. Lett. B | year=1983 | volume=122 | pages=103–116}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author= S. Eidelman et al. | title= | journal=Phys. Lett. B | year=2004 | volume=592 | pages=1 | doi= 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.06.001}}</ref> In Heim theory, quarks are interpreted as 'condensation zones' of the six-dimensional internal structure of the particles , and the gluons are asserted to be associated with one of the "hermetry forms" <ref></ref>; however, no results have been published in which the observed properties of these particles are predicted in detail.

==History==
<!--somewhere a timeline should be provided so that readers can follow the development of the theory, since it is very confusing without providing the context in which everything in Heim theory was derived-->
{{Include timeline}}
A small group of physicists is now trying to bring the theory to the attention of the scientific community, by publishing and copy-editing Heim's work, and by checking and expanding the relevant calculations. Recently, a series of presentations of Heim theory was made by Häuser, Dröscher and von Ludwiger. A paper based on the former was published in a conference proceedings by the American Institute of Physics journal in 2005 (see table of contents in and abstract of paper in ). This article has won a prize for the best paper received in 2004 by the AIAA Nuclear and Future Flight Technical Committee. Von Ludwiger's presentation was to the First European Workshop on Field Propulsion, January 20-22, 2001 at the University of Sussex (see list of talks ). Dröscher claimed to have successfully extended Heim's six-dimensional theory, which had been sufficient for derivation of the mass formula, to an eight-dimensional theory which included particle interactions.

==Predictions of the theory==
Predictions of Heim theory are the following:
* Predictions of the masses of ]s
* Predictions of new particles
* Predictions of excited states of existing particles
* Predictions for the conversion of photons into the so-called "gravito-photons" resulting in a measurable force.

Heim predicted in the 1980s that neutrinos would have nonzero mass. By that point, however, the prediction of a nonzero mass for the neutrino had been long discussed in theoretical physics as a solution to the solar-neutrino question. At the moment, the mass of neutrinos are not well enough known to verify whether the neutrino mass calculated by Heim is the same as the measured mass. Heim did not predict the observed ], which is a consequence of the fact that the mass ]s do not correspond to the flavor eigenstates. However, Dröscher and Häuser developed the category of non-ordinary matter in 2008 <ref>Häuser, J., Private communication to H. Deasy, July 2008.</ref> , with the photon as the only mediator between it and ordinary matter. The neutral electron is included in this new class of matter, which would explain its non-observance to date.

Heim theory predicts a neutral electron <ref>T.Auerbach and I. von Ludwiger, "Heim ́s Theory of Elementary Particle Structures, ''Journal of Scientific Exploration,Vol. 6,'' No. 3, pp. 217-231, 1992; available </ref>, although in a popular talk, Heim notes that while a neutral electron is allowed by his theory, it is not required <ref>reference is the end of chapter 9.2 (page 73) of Heim's (1976)</ref>. It would be difficult to reconcile a prediction of a neutral electron with the lack of any observation of the particle <ref>Abraham Seiden, ''Particle Physics: A Comprehensive Introduction'', Addison Wesley (2004); ISBN 978-0805387360</ref>{{Verify source|date=October 2007}}. According to the ] that every interaction not forbidden must occur, such a light neutral particle should be the end product of the decay of every known elementary particle <ref> B. R. Martin and G. Shaw ''Particle Physics'', Wiley (2nd edition, 1997) ISBN 978-0471972853</ref>, and ought to be seen in every experiment involving particle collisions.
===Heim's Predictions for Experimental Masses===

Here are tables comparing the experimental masses and lifetimes of selected particles with the data generated using Heim's non-peer reviewed code:

{|class="wikitable"
! Particle name
! Theoretical mass (MeV/c²)
! Experimental mass (MeV/c²)
! Absolute error
! Relative error
! standard deviations
|-
| ]
| 938.27959
| 938.272029±0.000080
| 0.00756
| 0.00000776
| 94.5
|-
| ]
| 939.57337
| 939.565360±0.000081
| 0.00801
| 0.00000853
| 98.9
|-
| ]
| 0.51100343
| 0.510998918±0.000000044
| 0.00000451
| 0.00000883
| 102.5
|-
| ] electron
| 0.51617049
| Unobserved
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|}

{|class="wikitable"
! Particle type
! Particle name
! Theoretical mass (MeV/c²)
! Measured mass (MeV/c²)
! Theoretical mean life/10<sup>−8</sup> sec
! Measured mean life/10<sup>−8</sup> sec
|-
| Lepton
| ]
| 0.381 &times; 10<sup>−8</sup>
| < 5 &times; 10<sup>−8</sup>
| Infinite
| Infinite
|-
| Lepton
| ]
| 0.00537
| < 0.17
| Infinite
| Infinite
|-
| Lepton
| ]
| 0.010752
| < 18.2
| Infinite
| Infinite
|-
| Lepton
| Neutrino 4
| 0.021059
| Excluded by ]<br>(unless > 45000)
| Infinite
| N/A
|-
| Lepton
| Neutrino 5
| 0.207001
| Excluded by ]<br>(unless > 45000)
| Infinite
| N/A
|-
| Lepton
| ]
| 0.51100343
| 0.51099907 ± 0.00000015
| Infinite
| Infinite
|-
| Lepton
| ]
| 105.65948493
| 105.658389 ± 0.000034
| 219.94237553
| 219.703 ± 0.004
|-
| Baryon
| ]
| 938.27959246
| 938.27231 ± 0.00026
| Infinite
| Infinite
|-
| Baryon
| ]
| 939.57336128
| 939.56563 ± 0.00028
| 917.33526856 &times; 10<sup>8</sup>
| (886.7 ± 1.9) &times; 10<sup>8</sup>
|}

* "measured" =
* "theoretical" =

The predicted masses were claimed to have been derived by Heim using only 4 parameters - h (]), G (]), ] and ].
====John Reed's Criticism====
According to a 2006 posting to the "PhysicsOrgForum" by John Reed <ref>John Reed, </ref>, the apparent success of the Heim theory predicting particle masses may be illusory. Nevertheless, since the excited states calculated were in fact "useless" (according to Reed), it was unclear whether any other predictions of the Heim theory remain.<ref>G. Landis, "" 2007 (accessed 13 Sept 2007)</ref>
=====Retraction=====
In a later posting in August 2007, however, Reed received the updated 1989 mass formula code from the Heim Theory group, and on the basis of this, withdrew the assertion that both the 1989 and 1982 code almost certainly used quantum numbers based on the A matrix.

{{Quotation| “When I first looked into the 1982 version, the A matrix was present in the equations and a suggestion given for its values. Only in reading Heim's books did I learn the source of the values. Heim said that he had to fix the values to obtain correct ground state masses. I assumed that in the following work this hadn't changed. Apparently that assumption is incorrect. It looks like Heim made further progress and found a way to derive masses without the A matrix, so the A matrix should no longer be part of the discussion.” <ref name=autogenerated1></ref>.}}

On September 4, Reed reported on results obtained by the updated 1989 formula:

{{Quotation|"I've completed my programming of Heim's unpublished 1989 equations to derive the extra quantum numbers (n, m, p, sigma) that I thought were coming from the A matrix. '''''I can now say for certain that the A matrix is not involved with this new version'''''. In addition, I can derive particle masses with only the quantum numbers k, Q, P, kappa and charge without the A matrix. This is what I had hoped to be able to do. These results agree with Anton Mueller's results.

I'm able to get accurate masses for the 17 test particles I have tried this program on. The worst mass comparisons with experimental data are the neutron, 939.11 vs 939.56 experimental and the eta, 548.64 vs 547.3 experimental. All the others are closer, sometimes agreeing to 6 digits.”
<ref name=autogenerated1 />}}

==== Derivation of the mass formula ====

There exists a preliminary version of this derivation available on-line <ref></ref> . This version still may contain some errors, and the authors, the Heim Theory Group, are in the process of checking and amending it <ref></ref>.

===Heim's predictions for a quantum gravity force ===

In the 1950s, Heim had predicted what he termed a 'contrabary' effect whereby photons, under the influence of a strong magnetic field in a certain configuration, could be transformed into 'gravito-photons', which would provide an artificial gravity force. This idea caused great interest at the time <ref></ref>. A recent series of experiments by ] et al., partly funded by ], may have produced the first evidence of artificial gravity (about 18 orders of magnitude greater than what ] predicts). {{As of|2006|alt=As of late 2006}}, groups at ] and elsewhere were attempting to reproduce this effect. By applying their 'gravito-photon' theory to ], Dröscher and Häuser were able to predict the size and direction of the effect <ref></ref>. A further prediction of Heim-Dröscher theory shows how a different arrangement of the experiment by Tajmar et al. could produce a vertical force against the direction of the Earth's gravity.

However, in July 2007, a group in ], ], said that they failed to reproduce Tajmar et al.'s effect, concluding that, based on the accuracy of the experiment, any such effect, if it exists, must be 21 times smaller than that predicted by the theory proposed by Tajmar in 2006.<ref>http://www2.phys.canterbury.ac.nz/~physrin/papers/SuperFrameDragging2007.pdf</ref> Tajmar et al., however, interpreted a trend in the Canterbury data of the order expected, though almost hidden by noise. They also reported on their own improved laser gyro measurements of the effect, but this time found 'parity breaking' in that only for clockwise spin did they note an effect, whilst for the Canterbury group there was only an anti-clockwise effect <ref></ref>. In the same paper, the Heim-Theory explanation of the effect is, for the first time, cited as a possible cause of the artificial gravity. Tajmar has recently found additional support from ] results <ref>http://arxiv.org/abs/0707.3806</ref> .

==Selector calculus==
'''Selector calculus''' is a form of ], employed by ] in formulating his theory of physics.
The differencing operator is intended to be analogous to taking derivatives of functions.

:<math>\eth</math> (which Heim calls ''Metrondifferential'' in German) is defined to be the same as <math>\nabla</math> in ]. The summation operator is intended to be analogous with integration. Instead of using the integral sign, Heim substitutes a bold italicised capital S for the typical integral sign. In this case

:<math>S^{n_2}_{n_1} \phi \eth n = S^{n_2}_{n_1} \eth \psi
= \sum_{n=n_1}^{n_2} \left ( \psi(n) - \psi(n-1) \right )
= \psi(n_2) - \psi (n_1 - 1). </math>

Note that <math>\phi \eth n = \eth \psi</math>.
<ref>Burkhard Heim, ''Elementarstrukturen der Materie - Einheitliche strukturelle Quantenfeldtheorie der Materie und Gravitation'', Resch Verlag, (1980, 1998) ISBN 3-85382-008-5. Selector calculus is covered in chapter 3 (pages 99–172).
</ref>
==Applications==
Extended Heim theory (EHT) is being researched as a possible way to utilize non-propellant methods of ], specifically in overcoming the massive distances involved in any space journey.[http://www.hpcc-space.de/publications/documents/AIAA2010-021-NFF-1.pdf
:September 2010 Presentation of EHT]

==See also==
*]
*] for mainstream alternatives to ]
*]
*], a five-dimensional extension of general relativity unifying ] and ].
*]
*]
*], allegedly observed gravity shielding effects of rotating ]s in 1992.

==Further reading==
===First and second publication in a peer reviewed scientific journal===
*Burkhard Heim: <br>''Vorschlag eines Weges einer einheitlichen Beschreibung der Elementarteilchen''<br>(Recommendation of a Way to a Unified Description of Elementary Particles), <br> (]), 1977, Vol. 32a, pp.&nbsp;233–243.<br> Available online

* Häuser, J., Dröscher, W., ''Emerging Physics for Novel Field Propulsion Science''<br> Paper presented at the Space, Propulsion & Energy Sciences International Forum SPESIF-2010, Johns Hopkins - APL, Laurel, Maryland, 23 - 25 February 2010,
and published by the ].

===Bibliography===

*Burkhard Heim: <br>''Elementarstrukturen der Materie: Einheitliche strukturelle Quantenfeldtheorie der Materie und Gravitation'', Band 1 <br>(Elementary structures of matter: Unified structural quantum field theory of matter and gravitation, Volume 1); <br>Resch-Verlag, Innsbruck (Austria); 3rd corrected edition 1998; <br>ISBN 3-85382-008-5, ISBN 978-3-85382-008-7; in German. <br>Book's Introduction available in English.

*Burkhard Heim: <br>''Elementarstrukturen der Materie: Einheitliche strukturelle Quantenfeldtheorie der Materie und Gravitation'', Band 2 <br>(Elementary structures of matter: Unified structural quantum field theory of matter and gravitation, Volume 2); <br>Resch-Verlag, Innsbruck (Austria); 2nd edition 1996; <br>ISBN 3-85382-036-0, ISBN 978-3-85382-036-0; in German.

*Walter Dröscher, Burkhard Heim: <br>''Strukturen der physikalischen Welt und ihrer nichtmateriellen Seite'' <br>(Structures of the physical world and its immaterial aspect); <br>Resch-Verlag, Innsbruck (Austria); 1st edition 1996; <br>ISBN 3-85382-059-X, ISBN 978-3-85382-059-9; in German.

*Walter Dröscher, Burkhard Heim, Andreas Resch: <br>''Einführung in Burkhard Heim: Einheitliche Beschreibung der Welt'' <br>(Introduction to Burkhard Heim: Unified description of the world); <br>Resch-Verlag, Innsbruck (Austria); 1st edition 1998; <br>ISBN 3-85382-064-6, ISBN 978-3-85382-064-3; in German.

===References===
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
* (5 pages, English translation by John Reed, Feb 2011)
===Theory===
* . Next Big Future. 1 July 2011. This article posts John Reed's comments.

* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140129041931/http://www.thephysicsforum.com/general-discussions/144-heim-theory.html |date=29 January 2014 }}. Heim Theory. The Physics Forum. 2013-03-26.
Sites offering explanations of and discussions about Heim theory related topics:
* . Borje Mansson and Anton Mueller. 2006.
* , Wiki site and discussion forum
* Discussion about . Physforum. May 2011.
*
* , offers good description of Heim Theory

Description of the theory in a (non-mainstream) scientific journal paper:
*

"Basic thoughts on a unified field theory of matter and gravity" - Burkhard Heim's presentation to MBB engineers in 1976 (printable booklet with additional illustrations, 126 pages, version 1.2en 2007).

''The heart of the Heim theory is presented in a much simpler form here than in the detailed derivation which appeared in the original works (Elementarstrukturen der Materie - volume 1 and 2.) So this lecture is highly recommended for anybody who wants to go deeper into the basic ideas and systematics of the Heim theory.''
*

Maps showing the train of thought of the first 5 chapters of Elementary structures of matter up to the derivation of 6-dimensional quantized space.
*

===Various Implementations of Heim theory mass formula===

Heim's mass formula has been implemented in several programming languages. The first version was implemented by physicists from in collaboration with Burkhard Heim. More recent implementations are available in Java, C, C#, Pascal, Fortran, Excel, Mathematica and Maxima.
* offers the source code of the original Heim / DESY Fortran implementation as well as more recent implementations.
* offers source code of some of the recent implementations.
* The Java implementation as an applet (runs directly in the web browser).
* The Protosimplex site was among the first to offer a popularized introduction of Heim theory in both German and English. The Excel Worksheet Heim Mass Calculator is available there.

===Conference proceedings===
*http://proceedings.aip.org/proceedings/confproceed/746.jsp
*http://proceedings.aip.org/dbt/dbt.jsp?KEY=APCPCS&Volume=746&Issue=1

===Propulsion physics===

*Heim, B. (1956). "Bericht über die Entwicklung des Prinzips der dynamischen Kontrabarie" . New Boston, New Hampshire: ] (original and English translation are available).
*Heim, B. (1959a). "Das Prinzip der dynamischen Kontrabarie." ''Zeitschrift für Flugkörper'', '''1'''(4), 100-102.
*Heim, B. (1959b). "Das Prinzip der dynamischen Kontrabarie (II)," ''Zeitschrift für Flugkörper'', '''1'''(6), 164-166.
*Heim, B. (1959c). "Das Prinzip der dynamischen Kontrabarie (III)," ''Zeitschrift für Flugkörper'', '''1'''(7), 219-221.
*Heim, B. (1959d). "Das Prinzip der dynamischen Kontrabarie (IV)," ''Zeitschrift für Flugkörper'', '''1'''(8), 244-248.
*Talbert, A. E. (1955a, November 20). "Conquest of gravity aim of top scientists in U.S.," ''New York Herald-Tribune'': Sunday, pp.&nbsp;1 and 36.
*Talbert, A. E. (1955b, November 30). "Scientists taking first steps in assault on gravity barrier," ''The Miami Herald: Wednesday'', pp.&nbsp;1, 2-A.
*Watson, J. T. (1961, February). "Gravitational control research" (Master’s thesis). (DTIC No. AD-0253588)
*Weyl, A. R. (1957, October). ‘Anti-gravity’. ''Aeronautics'', '''37'''(2), 80-86. (British Aviation Publications).
*Weyl, A. R. (1959a, January). "Knowledge and possibilities of gravity research" (DTIC No. AD-0830247). W. R. Eichler (Trans.) ''Weltraumfahrt; Zeitschrift für Rakententechnik'', '''9''', 100-106 (original work published December 1958).
*Weyl, A. R. (1959b, February). "Gravity and the prospects for astronautics." ''Aeronautics'', '''59'''(6), 16-22. (British Aviation Publications).

* Papers by ] and ] at
** '''' 2002
** '''' 2003 presentation
**'''' 2004 ] Best Paper (pdf: A4, )
** '''' 2005 presentation
** '''' August 2006 paper (revised and extended version)
** '''' April 2007 paper
** '''' August 2007 paper
** '''' July 2008 paper
** '' March 2009 paper
** '''' August 2009 paper
** '''' September 2010 paper
* by ] 2001
* ]
* Heim theory confirmed?
* Papers by ] et al. about ESA experiments which according to Dröscher/Häuser show gravito-magnetic effect of force predicted by ''Extended Heim Theory'':
** ] experiment (July 2006)
** ] improved experiment (October 2006)
** ] paper which references Dröscher/Häuser (July 2007)
* Eric W. Davis: ''Review of Gravity Control Within Newtonian and General Relativistic Physics.''; page 218 - 221: ''Heim's Quantum Theory for Space Propulsion.'' in: Marc G. Millis (et al.): ''Frontiers of Propulsion Science.'' American Inst. of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Reston 2009, ISBN 1-56347-956-7

===News items===
*, The Scotsman, 2006-01-05
*, ''New Scientist'', 2006-01-05
*, Pravda, 2006-02-16
*, ''New Scientist'', 2006-02-18
*, (] gravimagnetic field experiment) European Space Agency News, 2006-03-23
* , Science Daily article about ] work, 2006-03-26
*, BBC, 2006-03-31
*, ''New Scientist'', Article about gravitomagnetic experiments performed by ] and de Matos, 2006-11-11


] ]
] ]
]



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Latest revision as of 09:27, 23 July 2024

Fringe unified theory of physics

Heim theory, first proposed by German physicist Burkhard Heim publicly in 1957, is an attempt to develop a theory of everything in theoretical physics. The theory claims to bridge some of the disagreements between quantum mechanics and general relativity. The theory has received little attention in the scientific literature and is regarded as being outside mainstream science but has attracted some interest in popular and fringe media.

Development

Heim attempted to resolve incompatibilities between quantum theory and general relativity. To meet that goal, he developed a mathematical approach based on quantizing spacetime. Others have attempted to apply Heim theory to nonconventional space propulsion and faster than light concepts, as well as the origin of dark matter.

Heim claimed that his theory yields particle masses directly from fundamental physical constants and that the resulting masses are in agreement with experiment, but this claim has not been confirmed. Heim's theory is formulated mathematically in six or more dimensions and uses Heim's own version of difference equations.

References

  1. ^ Long, Kelvin F. (2012). Deep Space Propulsion: A Roadmap to Interstellar Flight (Google Books preview). Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 295–296. ISBN 978-1461406075.
  2. ^ Lietz, Haiko (5 January 2006). "Take a leap into hyperspace" (Full text article available for free download.). New Scientist magazine. Reed Business Information Ltd. Retrieved 20 July 2013. ...the idea relies on an obscure and largely unrecognized kind of physics...The majority of physicists have never heard of Heim theory, and most of those contacted by New Scientist said they couldn't make sense of Dröscher and Häuser's description of the theory behind their proposed experiment...The general consensus seems to be that Dröscher and Häuser's theory is incomplete at best...it has not passed any normal form of peer review.
  3. Citation rates; other information (20 July 2013). "Dröscher, W." Google Scholar. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  4. ^ Modanese, Giovanni and Robertson, Glen A. (2012). Gravity-Superconductors Interactions: Theory and Experiment (Google Books preview). Bentham Science Publishers. pp. 230–231. ISBN 978-1608054008.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. Farrell, Joseph P. (2010). Babylon's Banksters: The Alchemy of Deep Physics, High Finance and Ancient Religion. Port Townsend, WA: Feral House. pp. 110–111. ISBN 978-1932595796.
  6. Ufos For Know-It-Alls. Filiquarian Publishing. 2008. p. 41. ISBN 978-1599862323.
  7. List of Publications. HPCC-Space GmbH. 2006.
  8. Auerbach, T.; von Ludwiger, I. (1992). "Heim's Theory of Elementary Particle Structures" (PDF). Journal of Scientific Exploration. 6 (3): 217–231. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2013. So far Heim has not succeeded in finding a criterion which would limit the number of excited states to those actually observed. Despite the insight gained into particle physics, the theory is not entirely equivalent to modem quantum theory. This enables to derive logically precise statements about the process of life, the origin of paranormal phenomena, and the structure of realms far transcending the 4-dimensional world of our experience.

External links


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