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| {{Short description|Fictional laboratory in the Half Life franchise}} | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| {{Infobox fictional location | |||
| ⚫ | | name = Black Mesa Research Facility | ||
| | first = '']'' | |||
| | creator = ] | |||
| | image = File:Black Mesa logo.svg | |||
| | caption = Logo of Black Mesa | |||
| | last = '']'' | |||
| | image_size = 150px | |||
| | type = ] | |||
| | genre = ] | |||
| | located_in = ], ] | |||
| | characters = ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] | |||
| }} | |||
| The '''Black Mesa Research Facility''' (also simply called '''Black Mesa''') is a fictional underground ] complex that serves as the primary setting for the ] '']'' and its ], as well as its unofficial remake, '']''. It also features in the wider '']'' universe, including the '']'' series. Located in the ] desert in a decommissioned ] missile site, it is the former employer of ''Half-Life''<nowiki/>'s ] protagonist, ], and a competitor of ]. While the facility ostensibly conducts ] research, its secret experiments into ] have caused it to make contact with the ] of ], and its scientists covertly study its ] and materials. In a catastrophic event known as the "Black Mesa Incident", an "anti-]" experiment conducted on Xen matter causes a Resonance Cascade disaster that allows aliens to invade ], and is the catalyst for the events of the series. | |||
| ''Half-Life'' was critically acclaimed for its storytelling and level design. At the time, the integration of ] in the form of interactive ]s and ] was considered groundbreaking for a ]. | |||
| == Level content == | |||
| === ''Half-Life'' === | |||
| ] | |||
| In "Black Mesa Inbound", the player controls Gordon Freeman as he enters the facility on a ]. After noticing the ] on a different train, Gordon departs and enters the Anomalous Materials Lab. He explores the area, donning his Hazardous Environment Suit, and then enters the test chamber. After the Anti-Mass Spectrometer power is turned up to 105%, the Resonance Cascade disaster occurs, and Freeman must escape the destroyed chamber. In "Unforeseen Consequences", Freeman returns to the Anomalous Materials Lab, fighting his way through the aliens that have started appearing from warps in space. He then makes his way through an office complex.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Bell |first=Joseph |title=Half-Life for Dreamcast: Prima's Official Strategy Guide |date=2000 |publisher=Prima Games |isbn=0-7615-3125-4 |location=Roseville, CA |pages=30–120 |oclc=46733872}}</ref> | |||
| In "We've Got Hostiles", Freeman encounters the Hazardous Environment Combat Unit (HECU), a ] unit of the ] sent to cover up the disaster by killing all of the surviving Black Mesa personnel. He travels through a series of Cold War-era storage rooms to reach the surface. Escaping an ] helicopter, he goes back underground in a different location. In "Blast Pit", he must destroy an alien tentacle that has appeared from beneath a nuclear silo. After successfully destroying the tentacle with a ], in "Power Up", Freeman must kill a Gargantua alien by baiting it into a room with giant ]s. He then navigates a series of underground rail tunnels in "On a Rail", culminating in the rocket launch of a satellite that can determine the scope of the disaster.<ref name=":2" /> | |||
| In "Apprehension", Freeman fights through flooded rooms filled with aquatic aliens called Icthyosaurs. However, he is caught by the HECU Marines and dumped in a ]. He escapes, and infiltrates a waste processing facility. In "Questionable Ethics", Freeman stumbles upon a secret part of Black Mesa that studies aliens. In "Surface Tension", Freeman crosses a ], evading a ]. In "Forget About Freeman!", Freeman makes his way past a battle between aliens and the military to reach the Lambda Complex. In "Lambda Core", Gordon floods the facility's ] with coolant, fighting off aliens along the way. Navigating through a maze of teleporters in a ] lab, he is finally allowed by scientists into a giant teleportation chamber that sends him to Xen, ending the Black Mesa portion of the game.<ref name=":2" /> | |||
| ==== ''Opposing Force'' ==== | |||
| It is revealed in "Friendly Fire" that government ] have been sent into the facility to not only kill any Black Mesa personnel and HECU Marines remaining, but also to detonate a ] inside the facility, thereby destroying the entire base and everyone in it.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Venter |first=Jason |last2=IGN-Cheats |last3=CosmicVelvet |display-authors=etal |date=2014-04-11 |title=Friendly Fire - Half-Life Guide |url=https://www.ign.com/wikis/half-life/Friendly_Fire |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=IGN |language=en}}</ref> Corporal Shephard (whom the player controls), then defuses the weapon after a ] with a few black operators. The warhead is later reactivated by the ], and it ] at the end of the game, destroying a significant portion of the facility and any survivors still trapped inside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Half-Life: Opposing Force (Video Game) |url=https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/VideoGame/HalfLifeOpposingForce |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=TV Tropes}}</ref> | |||
| == Development == | |||
| Series writer ] initially conceived of Black Mesa, and brainstormed numerous potential names before arriving on the final one, including "Black Butte Missile Base", "Diablo Plains", and "Diablo Mesa". In '']'', he professed that he was glad his final choice was Black Mesa Research Facility, rather than "Black Butte". Black Mesa's themes of science and horror were partially inspired by "]", an episode of '']'' that focused on a team of scientists who manipulated ]s to enter the fourth dimension.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hogdson |first=David |title=Half-Life 2: Raising the Bar |date=2004 |publisher=Prima Games |others=Valve Corp |isbn=0-7615-4364-3 |location=Roseville, Calif. |pages=33, 37 |oclc=57189955}}</ref> | |||
| The monorail sequence that introduces the player to the Black Mesa facility was initially intended as a ]. Laidlaw stated that when a programmer implemented a new type of game object called "func_tracktrain", which allowed trains to branch onto different tracks, as well as bank and pivot into turns, he decided to incorporate a train into the game's story. The path of the monorail itself is made up of six different map files without individual loading screens, adding hallways as transition areas to give the illusion of ].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yang |first=Robert |date=2018-11-19 |title=Half-Life is 20: why everything you liked about Valve's classic was a secret train |language=en |work=PC Gamer |url=https://www.pcgamer.com/half-life-is-20-why-everything-you-liked-about-valves-classic-was-a-secret-train/ |access-date=2022-03-22}}</ref> | |||
| The disaster sequence in the test chamber was created in a single weekend by developers John Guthrie and Kelly Bailey, who worked for 48 hours straight without sleep, ultimately exciting everyone in the office when they discovered and played it the following Monday.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hogdson |first=David |title=Half-Life 2: Raising the Bar |date=2004 |publisher=Prima Games |others=Valve Corp |isbn=0-7615-4364-3 |location=Roseville, Calif. |page=39 |oclc=57189955}}</ref> | |||
| == Reception == | |||
| The starting monorail sequence became well known for allowing the player to walk freely around the train and look at whatever they chose, rather than be locked in place.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fox |first=Matt |title=The Video Games Guide: 1,000+ Arcade, Console and Computer Games, 1962-2012 |date=2013 |publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers |isbn=978-0-7864-7257-4 |edition=2nd |location=Jefferson, N.C. |oclc=817736712}}</ref> Other scripted events that were notable for allowing the player to retain full control include the Resonance Cascade disaster.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Aubrie |first=Adams |title=100 Greatest Video Game Franchises |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |others=Robert Mejia, Jaime Banks |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4422-7814-1 |location=Lanham, Maryland |page=78 |oclc=972802924}}</ref> | |||
| The design of Black Mesa was characterized by critics as "mundane", and representing "workaday normality", however, its designers also gave its corporate environments "terrifying potential" by making it possible for aliens to spawn even in apparently empty areas. This allows for numerous potential places of ambush. Its visual design was called ]n, featuring large amounts of ] hardware, much of which is malfunctioning or in disrepair even prior to the alien invasion.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Atkins |first=Barry |title=More Than a Game: The Computer Game As Fictional Form |publisher=Manchester University Press |year=2003 |isbn=1-4175-7805-X |location=Manchester, UK |pages=63–85 |oclc=57756796}}</ref> Scenes in Black Mesa have been described as "industrial disarray" and "bureaucracy run amok",<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Boluk |first=Stephanie |title=] |last2=LeMieux |first2=Patrick |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4529-5416-5}}</ref> while the facility itself was called "an amalgam of every top-secret military-scientific installation ever created or imagined".<ref name=":0" /> | |||
| The Resonance Cascade in Black Mesa was noted as being a metaphor for how the laboratory destabilizes the difference between "inside" and "outside". Its teleportation experiments caused Black Mesa's features to be reproduced upon "the planet at large".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Milburn |first=Colin |title=Respawn: Gamers, Hackers, and Technogenic Life |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-4780-0278-9 |location=Durham |publisher=Duke University Press |oclc=1026288675}}</ref> | |||
| == Legacy == | |||
| Black Mesa's design has been credited as inspiring future cinematic shooters, including the '']'' and '']'' franchises, being called a "revolutionary step" for the genre.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{Reflist}}{{Half-Life series}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 13:09, 10 December 2024
Fictional laboratory in the Half Life franchise| Black Mesa Research Facility | |
|---|---|
 Logo of Black Mesa | |
| First appearance | Half-Life |
| Last appearance | Half-Life 2: Episode Two |
| Created by | Valve Software |
| Genre | First-person shooter |
| In-universe information | |
| Type | Laboratory |
| Location | New Mexico, United States |
| Characters | Gordon Freeman, Barney Calhoun, Isaac Kleiner, Eli Vance, Wallace Breen, Arne Magnusson, Rosenberg, Gina Cross, Colette Green, Richard Keller |
The Black Mesa Research Facility (also simply called Black Mesa) is a fictional underground laboratory complex that serves as the primary setting for the video game Half-Life and its expansions, as well as its unofficial remake, Black Mesa. It also features in the wider Half-Life universe, including the Portal series. Located in the New Mexico desert in a decommissioned Cold War missile site, it is the former employer of Half-Life's theoretical physicist protagonist, Gordon Freeman, and a competitor of Aperture Science. While the facility ostensibly conducts military-industrial research, its secret experiments into teleportation have caused it to make contact with the alien world of Xen, and its scientists covertly study its life-forms and materials. In a catastrophic event known as the "Black Mesa Incident", an "anti-mass spectrometer" experiment conducted on Xen matter causes a Resonance Cascade disaster that allows aliens to invade Earth, and is the catalyst for the events of the series.
Half-Life was critically acclaimed for its storytelling and level design. At the time, the integration of narrative in the form of interactive cutscenes and NPCs was considered groundbreaking for a first-person shooter.
Level content
Half-Life
In "Black Mesa Inbound", the player controls Gordon Freeman as he enters the facility on a monorail. After noticing the G-Man on a different train, Gordon departs and enters the Anomalous Materials Lab. He explores the area, donning his Hazardous Environment Suit, and then enters the test chamber. After the Anti-Mass Spectrometer power is turned up to 105%, the Resonance Cascade disaster occurs, and Freeman must escape the destroyed chamber. In "Unforeseen Consequences", Freeman returns to the Anomalous Materials Lab, fighting his way through the aliens that have started appearing from warps in space. He then makes his way through an office complex.
In "We've Got Hostiles", Freeman encounters the Hazardous Environment Combat Unit (HECU), a special forces unit of the United States Marine Corps sent to cover up the disaster by killing all of the surviving Black Mesa personnel. He travels through a series of Cold War-era storage rooms to reach the surface. Escaping an Osprey helicopter, he goes back underground in a different location. In "Blast Pit", he must destroy an alien tentacle that has appeared from beneath a nuclear silo. After successfully destroying the tentacle with a rocket engine, in "Power Up", Freeman must kill a Gargantua alien by baiting it into a room with giant Tesla coils. He then navigates a series of underground rail tunnels in "On a Rail", culminating in the rocket launch of a satellite that can determine the scope of the disaster.
In "Apprehension", Freeman fights through flooded rooms filled with aquatic aliens called Icthyosaurs. However, he is caught by the HECU Marines and dumped in a trash compactor. He escapes, and infiltrates a waste processing facility. In "Questionable Ethics", Freeman stumbles upon a secret part of Black Mesa that studies aliens. In "Surface Tension", Freeman crosses a hydroelectric dam, evading a Boeing AH-64 Apache. In "Forget About Freeman!", Freeman makes his way past a battle between aliens and the military to reach the Lambda Complex. In "Lambda Core", Gordon floods the facility's nuclear reactor with coolant, fighting off aliens along the way. Navigating through a maze of teleporters in a teleportation lab, he is finally allowed by scientists into a giant teleportation chamber that sends him to Xen, ending the Black Mesa portion of the game.
Opposing Force
It is revealed in "Friendly Fire" that government black operators have been sent into the facility to not only kill any Black Mesa personnel and HECU Marines remaining, but also to detonate a thermonuclear weapon inside the facility, thereby destroying the entire base and everyone in it. Corporal Shephard (whom the player controls), then defuses the weapon after a firefight with a few black operators. The warhead is later reactivated by the G-Man, and it detonates at the end of the game, destroying a significant portion of the facility and any survivors still trapped inside.
Development
Series writer Marc Laidlaw initially conceived of Black Mesa, and brainstormed numerous potential names before arriving on the final one, including "Black Butte Missile Base", "Diablo Plains", and "Diablo Mesa". In Half-Life 2: Raising the Bar, he professed that he was glad his final choice was Black Mesa Research Facility, rather than "Black Butte". Black Mesa's themes of science and horror were partially inspired by "The Borderland", an episode of The Outer Limits that focused on a team of scientists who manipulated magnetic fields to enter the fourth dimension.
The monorail sequence that introduces the player to the Black Mesa facility was initially intended as a tech demo. Laidlaw stated that when a programmer implemented a new type of game object called "func_tracktrain", which allowed trains to branch onto different tracks, as well as bank and pivot into turns, he decided to incorporate a train into the game's story. The path of the monorail itself is made up of six different map files without individual loading screens, adding hallways as transition areas to give the illusion of level streaming.
The disaster sequence in the test chamber was created in a single weekend by developers John Guthrie and Kelly Bailey, who worked for 48 hours straight without sleep, ultimately exciting everyone in the office when they discovered and played it the following Monday.
Reception
The starting monorail sequence became well known for allowing the player to walk freely around the train and look at whatever they chose, rather than be locked in place. Other scripted events that were notable for allowing the player to retain full control include the Resonance Cascade disaster.
The design of Black Mesa was characterized by critics as "mundane", and representing "workaday normality", however, its designers also gave its corporate environments "terrifying potential" by making it possible for aliens to spawn even in apparently empty areas. This allows for numerous potential places of ambush. Its visual design was called dystopian, featuring large amounts of solid-state hardware, much of which is malfunctioning or in disrepair even prior to the alien invasion. Scenes in Black Mesa have been described as "industrial disarray" and "bureaucracy run amok", while the facility itself was called "an amalgam of every top-secret military-scientific installation ever created or imagined".
The Resonance Cascade in Black Mesa was noted as being a metaphor for how the laboratory destabilizes the difference between "inside" and "outside". Its teleportation experiments caused Black Mesa's features to be reproduced upon "the planet at large".
Legacy
Black Mesa's design has been credited as inspiring future cinematic shooters, including the Battlefield and Call of Duty franchises, being called a "revolutionary step" for the genre.
References
- ^ Bell, Joseph (2000). Half-Life for Dreamcast: Prima's Official Strategy Guide. Roseville, CA: Prima Games. pp. 30–120. ISBN 0-7615-3125-4. OCLC 46733872.
- Venter, Jason; IGN-Cheats; CosmicVelvet; et al. (2014-04-11). "Friendly Fire - Half-Life Guide". IGN. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
- "Half-Life: Opposing Force (Video Game)". TV Tropes. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
- Hogdson, David (2004). Half-Life 2: Raising the Bar. Valve Corp. Roseville, Calif.: Prima Games. pp. 33, 37. ISBN 0-7615-4364-3. OCLC 57189955.
- Yang, Robert (2018-11-19). "Half-Life is 20: why everything you liked about Valve's classic was a secret train". PC Gamer. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
- Hogdson, David (2004). Half-Life 2: Raising the Bar. Valve Corp. Roseville, Calif.: Prima Games. p. 39. ISBN 0-7615-4364-3. OCLC 57189955.
- Fox, Matt (2013). The Video Games Guide: 1,000+ Arcade, Console and Computer Games, 1962-2012 (2nd ed.). Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7864-7257-4. OCLC 817736712.
- ^ Aubrie, Adams (2017). 100 Greatest Video Game Franchises. Robert Mejia, Jaime Banks. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-4422-7814-1. OCLC 972802924.
- Atkins, Barry (2003). More Than a Game: The Computer Game As Fictional Form. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. pp. 63–85. ISBN 1-4175-7805-X. OCLC 57756796.
- ^ Boluk, Stephanie; LeMieux, Patrick (2017). Metagaming: Playing, Competing, Spectating, Cheating, Trading, Making, and Breaking Videogames. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-1-4529-5416-5.
- Milburn, Colin (2018). Respawn: Gamers, Hackers, and Technogenic Life. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1-4780-0278-9. OCLC 1026288675.
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