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| {{Short description|Polish-Ukrainian historian, archivist, war resistor (1878–1944)}} | |||
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| '''Maria Polaczkówna''' (1878–1944)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maria Polaczkówna (1878-) {{!}} Open Library |url=https://openlibrary.org/subjects/person:maria_polaczk%C3%B3wna_(1878-) |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=openlibrary.org}}</ref> was a Polish-Ukrainian historian and archivist who worked at the ] city archives, which in 1951 became the Archives of Poland. She |
'''Maria Polaczkówna''' (1878–1944)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maria Polaczkówna (1878-) {{!}} Open Library |url=https://openlibrary.org/subjects/person:maria_polaczk%C3%B3wna_(1878-) |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=openlibrary.org}}</ref> was a Polish-Ukrainian historian and archivist who worked at the ] city archives, which in 1951 became the State Archives of Poland. She became a war resistor during ]. In 1944, after participating in the ], she was arrested by German occupiers for providing accommodation for secret activities. She died in captivity in 1944.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Polaczkówna Maria |url=https://kpbc.umk.pl/Content/202809/PDF/Polaczkowna_Maria_3492_WSK.pdf |archive-url= |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=worldcat.org}}</ref> | ||
| == Biography == | == Biography == | ||
| Maria was born into a patriotic family: her father, Adam, took part in the ] and spent years an exile in France where he completed medical studies. In his absence, |
Maria was born into a patriotic family: her father, Adam, took part in the Polish revolt called the ] and spent years an exile in France where he completed medical studies. In his absence, his family lived a very modest life in ] and his daughters – Maria and her younger sister ], took on tutoring assignments to earn enough money to afford their education. Despite their modest beginnings, the sisters rose through the academic ranks with each earning a PhD.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
| Maria earned her doctorate in history. During the years before ], and then in the 1920s, she worked with Professor ] (Geographical Institute of ]).<ref name=":1" /> | Maria earned her doctorate in history. During the years before ], and then again in the 1920s, she worked with Professor ] (Geographical Institute of ]).<ref name=":1" /> | ||
| According to archives in Poland, Maria Polaczkówna was the first archivist to work with the city records in Przemyśl, Poland, when she began in 1917.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Historia Archiwum - Archiwum Państwowe w Przemyślu |url=https://www.przemysl.ap.gov.pl/index.php?c=page&id=12 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=www.przemysl.ap.gov.pl}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Dane Statystyczne - Archiwum Państwowe w Przemyślu |url=https://www.przemysl.ap.gov.pl/index.php?c=page&id=75 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=www.przemysl.ap.gov.pl}}</ref> After some years in Przemyśl, she returned to L’viv, where she taught history and geography at local schools until she retired in 1938. She was the author or co-author of geography textbooks and of a valuable monograph “Wahania klimatyczne w Polsce w wiekach średnich” (Climatic Fluctuations in Medieval Poland, L’viv, 1925).<ref name=":0">Ciara, Stefan. "Helena Polaczkówna (1881–1942)–Custodian of the Bernardine Archives in L’viv." ''Вісник Львівського університету. Сер.: Книгознавство, бібліотекознавство та інформаційні технології'' 6 (2011): 250-258.</ref> | According to archives in Poland, Maria Polaczkówna was the first archivist to work with the city records in Przemyśl, Poland, when she began in 1917.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Historia Archiwum - Archiwum Państwowe w Przemyślu |url=https://www.przemysl.ap.gov.pl/index.php?c=page&id=12 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=www.przemysl.ap.gov.pl}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Dane Statystyczne - Archiwum Państwowe w Przemyślu |url=https://www.przemysl.ap.gov.pl/index.php?c=page&id=75 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=www.przemysl.ap.gov.pl}}</ref> After some years in Przemyśl, she returned to L’viv, where she taught history and geography at local schools until she retired in 1938. She was the author or co-author of geography textbooks and of a valuable monograph “Wahania klimatyczne w Polsce w wiekach średnich” (Climatic Fluctuations in Medieval Poland, L’viv, 1925).<ref name=":0">Ciara, Stefan. "Helena Polaczkówna (1881–1942)–Custodian of the Bernardine Archives in L’viv." ''Вісник Львівського університету. Сер.: Книгознавство, бібліотекознавство та інформаційні технології'' 6 (2011): 250-258.</ref> | ||
| == Capture == | == Capture == | ||
| Maria and her younger sister |
During World War II, Maria and her younger sister Helena Polaczkówna lived together in ] (now in Ukraine) at 29 Listopada Street (now Jevhena Konovaltsya Street). During the ], Maria and Helena, became involved in educational, charitable and conspiratorial activities. The apartment shared by sisters became a contact point for secret couriers and messengers of the Information and Propaganda Bureau of ] Headquarters, a system of asylum and safe places where illegal publications could be edited. Reportedly, it was through the carelessness of some co-workers that the ] identified the building and arrested Helena on 27 April 1942. She was tortured and "finally murdered" in Autumn 1942.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
| After Helena's arrest |
After Helena's arrest, Maria left L’viv for Warsaw. After participating in the ], on 5 August 1944, Maria was arrested on the street and jailed in a basement on Filtrowej Street. She was last seen alive on 12 August, weak and exhausted.<ref name=":3" /> | ||
| == Selected works == | == Selected works == | ||
| * Polaczkówna, Maria. “Atlasy krajoznawcze: przewodnik metodyczny: .” (Sightseeing atlases: a methodical guide: .)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maria Polaczkówna {{!}} Semantic Scholar |url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/Maria-Polaczk%C3%B3wna/107670561 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=www.semanticscholar.org |language=en}}</ref> | * Polaczkówna, Maria. “Atlasy krajoznawcze: przewodnik metodyczny: .” (Sightseeing atlases: a methodical guide: .)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maria Polaczkówna {{!}} Semantic Scholar |url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/Maria-Polaczk%C3%B3wna/107670561 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=www.semanticscholar.org |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| * Polaczkówna, Maria. “Wahania klimatyczne w Polsce w wiekach średnich” (Climatic Fluctuations in Medieval Poland, L’viv, 1925).<ref>{{Cite web |title= |
* Polaczkówna, Maria. “Wahania klimatyczne w Polsce w wiekach średnich” (Climatic Fluctuations in Medieval Poland, L’viv, 1925).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polaczkówna, Maria |url=https://katalog.nukat.edu.pl/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?type=opac&op=do_search&q=an,phr:9467902 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=katalog.nukat.edu.pl |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| › | |||
| NUKAT catalog |url=https://katalog.nukat.edu.pl/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?type=opac&op=do_search&q=an,phr:9467902 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=katalog.nukat.edu.pl |language=en}}</ref> | |||
| == References == | == References == | ||
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Latest revision as of 19:07, 10 January 2025
Polish-Ukrainian historian, archivist, war resistor (1878–1944)Maria Polaczkówna (1878–1944) was a Polish-Ukrainian historian and archivist who worked at the Przemyśl city archives, which in 1951 became the State Archives of Poland. She became a war resistor during World War II. In 1944, after participating in the Warsaw Uprising, she was arrested by German occupiers for providing accommodation for secret activities. She died in captivity in 1944.
Biography
Maria was born into a patriotic family: her father, Adam, took part in the Polish revolt called the January Uprising and spent years an exile in France where he completed medical studies. In his absence, his family lived a very modest life in L’viv and his daughters – Maria and her younger sister Helena Polaczkówna, took on tutoring assignments to earn enough money to afford their education. Despite their modest beginnings, the sisters rose through the academic ranks with each earning a PhD.
Maria earned her doctorate in history. During the years before World War I, and then again in the 1920s, she worked with Professor Eugeniusz Romer (Geographical Institute of L’viv University).
According to archives in Poland, Maria Polaczkówna was the first archivist to work with the city records in Przemyśl, Poland, when she began in 1917. After some years in Przemyśl, she returned to L’viv, where she taught history and geography at local schools until she retired in 1938. She was the author or co-author of geography textbooks and of a valuable monograph “Wahania klimatyczne w Polsce w wiekach średnich” (Climatic Fluctuations in Medieval Poland, L’viv, 1925).
Capture
During World War II, Maria and her younger sister Helena Polaczkówna lived together in L’viv (now in Ukraine) at 29 Listopada Street (now Jevhena Konovaltsya Street). During the German occupation, Maria and Helena, became involved in educational, charitable and conspiratorial activities. The apartment shared by sisters became a contact point for secret couriers and messengers of the Information and Propaganda Bureau of Home Army Headquarters, a system of asylum and safe places where illegal publications could be edited. Reportedly, it was through the carelessness of some co-workers that the Gestapo identified the building and arrested Helena on 27 April 1942. She was tortured and "finally murdered" in Autumn 1942.
After Helena's arrest, Maria left L’viv for Warsaw. After participating in the Warsaw Uprising, on 5 August 1944, Maria was arrested on the street and jailed in a basement on Filtrowej Street. She was last seen alive on 12 August, weak and exhausted.
Selected works
- Polaczkówna, Maria. “Atlasy krajoznawcze: przewodnik metodyczny: .” (Sightseeing atlases: a methodical guide: .)
- Polaczkówna, Maria. “Wahania klimatyczne w Polsce w wiekach średnich” (Climatic Fluctuations in Medieval Poland, L’viv, 1925).
References
- "Maria Polaczkówna (1878-) | Open Library". openlibrary.org. Retrieved 2025-01-08.
- ^ "Polaczkówna Maria" (PDF). worldcat.org. Retrieved 2025-01-08.
- ^ Ciara, Stefan. "Helena Polaczkówna (1881–1942)–Custodian of the Bernardine Archives in L’viv." Вісник Львівського університету. Сер.: Книгознавство, бібліотекознавство та інформаційні технології 6 (2011): 250-258.
- ^ "Historia Archiwum - Archiwum Państwowe w Przemyślu". www.przemysl.ap.gov.pl. Retrieved 2025-01-08.
- "Dane Statystyczne - Archiwum Państwowe w Przemyślu". www.przemysl.ap.gov.pl. Retrieved 2025-01-08.
- "Maria Polaczkówna | Semantic Scholar". www.semanticscholar.org. Retrieved 2025-01-08.
- "Polaczkówna, Maria". katalog.nukat.edu.pl. Retrieved 2025-01-08.