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| {{Merge|Animal welfare in Islam|date=March 2007}}{{Muhammad}} | |||
| This article is about the attitude of ], the founder of ], towards ]. | |||
| ==Qur'an== | |||
| The Qur'an is the central religious text of Islam and is the main source of information on Muhammad's life. Our present copy of the Qur'an is believed by Muslims, and the majority of historians, to represent the words which were issued from Muhammad's mouth. <ref> Peters, F. E. "The Quest of the Historical Muhammad." International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 23, No. 3. (Aug., 1991), pp. 291-315. ] states: "Few have failed to be convinced that what is in our copy of the Quran is, in fact, what Muhammad taught, and is expressed in his own words...To sum this up: the Quran is convincingly the words of Muhammad, perhaps even dictated by him after their recitation" </ref> | |||
| ]. <ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,956385,00.html</ref>]]Although the Qur'an considers humans to occupy the highest place, it nevertheless strongly enjoins Muslims to treat animals with compassion and not to abuse them. The Qur'an states that all creation praises God, even if this praise is not expressed in human language (e.g. see {{Quran-usc|17|44}}). <ref name="EoR&N"> Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, ''Islam, Animals, and Vegetarianism </ref> In verse {{Quran-usc|6|38}}, the Qur'an applies the term "'']''", generally used to mean "a human religious community", for genera of animals. ] states that this verse have been "far reaching in its moral and ecological implications." <ref> ], ''Community and Society and Qur'an'', Vol. 1, p.371</ref> | |||
| <blockquote>There is not an animal (that lives) on the earth, nor a being that flies on its wings, but (forms part of) communities like you. Nothing have we omitted from the Book, and they (all) shall be gathered to their Lord in the end. {{Quran-usc|6|38}} | |||
| </blockquote> | |||
| The Qur'an applies the word "Muslim" not only to humans but also to animals and the inanimate world. "The divine will manifests itself in the form of laws both in human society and in the world of nature. In Islamic terminology, for example, a bee is a Muslim precisely because it lives and dies obeying the "shariah" that God has prescribed for the community of bees, just as a person is a Muslim by virtue of the fact that he or she submits to the revealed ] ordained for humans in the Quran and Sunna.<ref> Encyclopedia of Science and Religion, ''Islam'',p.464 </ref> | |||
| === Consumption of the animal meat === | |||
| The Qur'an explicitly allows the eating of the meat of the animals(see {{Quran-usc|5|1}}).<ref name="EoR&N"/> Although some ]s have practiced vegetarianism, but to date, there has been no serious discourse on the possibility of vegetarianism interpretations. | |||
| The alleged 'compassionate' ] has been classed as inhumane by government-funded animal welfare authorities in the ] who have found that it 'causes severe suffering to animals'.<ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,956385,00.html</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2977086.stm</ref> Cattle require up to two minutes to bleed to death when such means are employed and in the words of the Chairperson of the:<blockquote>"This is a major incision into the animal and to say that it doesn't suffer is quite ridiculous."<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2977086.stm</ref></blockquote> | |||
| ==Sunnah== | |||
| ] refers to the the traditional Muslim biographies of Muhammad and quotes attributed to him. | |||
| === Treatment of Animals === | |||
| The historian ] states that Muhammad's kindness to animals was remarkable for his time and that part of the world. Watt cites an instance of Muhammed posting sentries to ensure that a bitch with newborn puppies was not disturbed by his army travelling to Mecca in the year 630.<ref name="WattA"> Watt, Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman, Oxford University Press, 1961, </ref> | |||
| He is also said to have reprimanded some men who were sitting idly on their camels in the marketplace, saying "either ride them or leave them alone". He is also reported to have said: "There is no man who kills a sparrow or anything smaller, without its deserving it, but Allah will question him about it ," and "Whoever is kind to the creatures of God, is kind to himself." <ref name="EoR&N"/> <ref name="EoIW"> ], Haywan article, p.308, vol.3, p.308</ref> Muhammad is also said to have informed a prostitute who had seen a thirsty dog hanging around a well one day, and given it water to drink, that all her sins were forgiven. <ref name="Forw"> Susan J. Armstrong, Richard G. Botzler, ''The Animal Ethics Reader'', p.237, Routledge (UK) Press </ref> | |||
| It was forbidden to cage the animals, or to beat them unnecessarily, to brand them on the face, or to be allowed to fight each other for human entertainment. "They must not be mutilated while they are alive".<ref name="Forw"/> | |||
| === Views regarding particular animals === | |||
| ;Dog - Camel and Cat | |||
| [[Image:Hemidactylus frenatus.jpg|thumb|150px|right|It is reported that Muhammad commanded '''geckos''' to be | |||
| killed and called them 'little noxious creatures'.<ref>Sahih Muslim; Chapter 35 Book 26, Number 5562</ref>]]. | |||
| Islamic law considers dogs to be unclean. Muhammad is said to have given an order to kill all the dogs in Medina because angel Gabriel does not enter a house in which there is a dog. This hadith is however the "occasion for revelation" of verse {{Quran-usc|5|4}} which indicates the importance of the hunting dog. <ref name="EoQ_Dog"> Bruce Fudge, ], ''Dog'' </ref> David Gordon White states that Islam usually casts the dog in a negative light by emphasizing its impurity and often identify dogs as demons or minions of the Devil. The story of the ] in the Qur'an are the striking exceptions. <ref> David Gordon White, Encyclopedia of religion, ''Dog'', p.2393 </ref>. Muhammad didn't like dogs (and most Muslims do not have dogs as pets).<ref name="Forw"/> | |||
| Muhammad's camel, ], was very dear to him.<ref name="Reeves">Minou Reeves, Muhammad in Europe, New York University (NYU) Press, p.52 </ref> Cats were especially loved by Muhammad, he himself is said to have had least one cat called ]. It is said he loved cats so much that "he would do without his cloak rather than disturb one that was sleeping on it" <ref name="Reeves"/> | |||
| ;Hyena - Bat - Gecko - Snake | |||
| In Muslim culture ]s, ]s, ]s, ]s, and other reptiles as well as insects are considered to be ugly, dangerous, and vicious.{{Fact|date=March 2007}} In ] literature, it is reported from Muhammad that he issued advice to kill the sinful ('']'') animal even within the holy area ('']'') of ].<ref>Jürgen Wasim Frembgen, Völkerkundemuseum. "The Scorpion in Muslim Folklore". Asian Folklore Studies, Volume 63, 2004: 95-123. Munich, Germany.</ref> | |||
| === Conversation with Animals === | |||
| In many ] accounts of ] he is said to have conversed nonchalantly with camels, birds and other species. In one account a camel is said to have come to Muhammad and complained that despite service to his owner, the animal was about to be killed. Muhammad summoned the owner and ordered the man to spare the camel. <ref>Foltz (2006), pg.22-23</ref> | |||
| === Hunting and slaughter === | |||
| Muhammad limited benefits derived at the cost of animal suffering.{{clarifyme}} He asked his followers to sharpen the blade when slaughtering animals.<ref name="Ves"> P. Aarne Vesilind, Alastair S. Gunn, ''Engineering, Ethics, and the Environment'', Cambridge University Press, p.301 </ref> Muhammad is reported to have been said:"For each creature which has a wet heart(i.e. is alive), there is a reward." <ref name="EoR&N"/> Muhammad opposed recreational hunting saying: "whoever shoots at a living creature for sport is cursed."<ref name="EoR&N"/> He is also said to have reprimanded some men who were sitting idly on their camels in the marketplace, saying "either ride them or leave them alone". He is also reported to have said: "There is no man who kills a sparrow or anything smaller, without its deserving it, but Allah will question him about it ," and "Whoever is kind to the creatures of God, is kind to himself." <ref name="EoR&N"/> <ref name="EoIW"> ], Haywan article, p.308, vol.3, p.308</ref> | |||
| While it is permitted to kill a cock, Muhammad forbade reviling it "because it performs the religious function of awakening the Faithful at the time of prayer." <ref name="EoIW"/> | |||
| ==Notes== | |||
| <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> | |||
| <references /></div> | |||
| ==References== | |||
| *{{cite book | |||
| | last = Foltz | |||
| | first = Richard C. | |||
| | title = Animals in Islamic Tradition and Muslim Cultures | |||
| | publisher = Oneworld Publications | |||
| | date = 2006 | |||
| | isbn = 1-85168-398-4}} | |||
| *{{cite book | |||
| | last = Gill | |||
| | first = H.A.R. | |||
| | title = Shorter Enclyopaedia of Islam | |||
| | place = Brill, Netherlands}} | |||
| == See also == | |||
| * ] | |||
| ] | |||
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