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| A '''myrmecophile''' is an organism that lives in association with ]s. '''Myrmecophily''' literally means ''ant-loving'' and refers to the habits of species that have mutualistic associations with ]s. | |||
| {{R with history}} | |||
| Such associations are best known in the butterflies of the family ] but many non-insect species are also considered myrmecophilous or semi-myrmecophilous. | |||
| {{R from noun}} | |||
| ] | |||
| The myrmecophile's role varies; many consume the ants' leftover food, dead ants or larvae, or types of ] growing in the nest. The first major work in cataloguing ] myrmecophiles was done by ] in his 1927 book '']''. | |||
| Myrmecophilous associations are also seen in various other insects such as ]s, hoppers and also in some arachnids such as mites. These associations can be either obligate or facultative depending on whether the association is necessary for survival or merely of additional benefit. | |||
| Ant-butterfly interactions are particularly well studied. The association is believed to reduce the parasitization of the butterfly caterpillars.<ref>{{cite journal |quotes=no |author=H. T. Baumgarten & K. Fiedler |year=1998 |title=Parasitoids of lycaenid butterfly caterpillars: different patterns in resource use and their impact on the hosts' symbiosis with ants |journal=] |volume=236 |pages=167–180}}</ref> These associations involve nectar production by specialized organs on the caterpillars and communication through sound and vibrations. | |||
| Myrmecophilous beetles are largely of the families ], ], ] and ]. | |||
| Some mites and spiders are also myrmecophilous. Some oribatid mites have been found to obligate myrmecophiles.<ref>{{cite journal |quotes=no |author=Paula E. Cushing |year=1997 |title=Myrmecomorphy and myrmecophily in spiders: A review |journal=] |pages=165–193}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |quotes=no |author=F. Ito & G. Takaku |year=1994 |title=Obligate myrmecophily in an oribatid mite. Novel symbiont of ants in the Oriental tropics |journal=] |volume=81 |issue=4 |pages=180–182 |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/h63505p10l1168q7/}}</ref> | |||
| Several myrmecophilous groups are also see in the ]n flies.<ref>{{cite journal |quotes=no |author=I. Brake |year=1999 |title=''Prosaetomilichia'' de Meijere: a junior subjective synonym of ''Milichia'' Meigen, with a phylogenetic review of the myrmecophila species-group |journal=] |volume=142 |issue=1 |pages=31–36}}</ref> | |||
| Others myremecophiles include | |||
| * the ] '']'' | |||
| * the ] '']'' | |||
| * the ] fly '']'' | |||
| * the mollusc ''Allopeas myrmekophilos''<ref>{{cite journal |quotes=no |author=V. Witte, R. Janssen, A. Eppenstein & U. Maschwitz |year=2002 |title=''Allopeas myrmekophilos'' (Gastropoda, Pulmonata), the first myrmecophilous mollusc living in colonies of the ponerine army ant ''Leptogenys distinguenda'' (Formicidae, Ponerinae) |journal=] |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=301–305}}</ref> | |||
| ==References== | |||
| <div class="references-small"><references/></div> | |||
| {{ecology-stub}} | |||
| {{ant-stub}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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