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'''] in Sri Lanka''' has been a highly destructive phenomenon during the periods of ] (1983-2009) and first and second ]s (1971 and 1987–89). A common ] is the systematic use or threatened use of violence to intimidate a population or government for political, religious, or ] goals.<ref name="britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|editor=John Philip Jenkins|url= http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9071797|title= Terrorism|encyclopedia=]|accessdate=1 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url= http://www.bartleby.com/61/26/T0122600.html|title=Terrorism|year=2000|encyclopedia=]|edition=4th edition|publisher=Bartleby.com|accessdate=1 June 2015}}</ref> Sri Lanka is a country that has experienced some of the worst known acts of modern terrorism, such as ], ] of civilians and assassination of political and social leaders, that posed a significant threat to the society, economy and development of the country. '''] in Sri Lanka''' has been a highly destructive phenomenon during the periods of ] (1983-2009) and first and second ]s (1971 and 1987–89). A common ] is the systematic use or threatened use of violence to intimidate a population or government for political, religious, or ] goals.<ref name="britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|editor=John Philip Jenkins|url= http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9071797|title= Terrorism|encyclopedia=]|accessdate=1 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url= http://www.bartleby.com/61/26/T0122600.html|title=Terrorism|year=2000|encyclopedia=]|edition=4th edition|publisher=Bartleby.com|accessdate=1 June 2015}}</ref> Sri Lanka is a country that has experienced some of the worst known acts of modern terrorism, such as ], ] of civilians and assassination of political and social leaders, that posed a significant threat to the society, economy and development of the country.


Terrorism found in Sri Lanka can be mainly categorized in to ] and ]. ], a militant group that has launched a campaign of violence and bloodshed in Sri Lanka, to seize control of the country from the ] ethnic majority to create an independent ] and ], a ], ] in Sri Lanka, which was involved in two armed uprisings against the ruling governments in 1971 (]) and 1987–89 (]) are responsible for the most of terrorist incidents that have happened in the modern history of the country.<ref>, FBI</ref><ref>, A.A.M. Nizam, Daily News</ref> Terrorism found in Sri Lanka can be mainly categorized in to ] and ]. ] (LTTE), a militant group that has launched a campaign of violence and bloodshed in Sri Lanka, to seize control of the country from the ] ethnic majority to create an independent ].<ref>, FBI</ref><ref name=DN230310>, A.A.M. Nizam, Daily News</ref> The ] (JVP), a ], ] in Sri Lanka, which was involved in two armed uprisings against the ruling governments in 1971 (]) and 1987–89 (]).<ref name=DN230310/>


The Sri Lankan state has been accused of ] against the ] minority as well as the Sinhalese majority.<ref name=Bandarage>{{cite book|last1=Bandarage|first1=Asoka|title=The Separatist Conflict in Sri Lanka: Terrorism, Ethnicity, Political Economy|date=2009|publisher=]|isbn=0-415-77678-3|page=17|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TOuSAgAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hughes|first1=Dhana|title=Violence, Torture and Memory in Sri Lanka: Life After Terror|publisher=]|isbn=1135038155|page=109|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=taU3AAAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Mukarji|first1=Apratim|title=Sri Lanka: A Dangerous Interlude|date=2005|publisher=New Dawn Press|isbn=184557530X|page=71|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rdigpcqWgdYC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Grant|first1=Trevor|title=]|date=2014|publisher=]|isbn=1922235539|page=191}}</ref> The ] and the ] have been charged with ], indiscriminate shelling and bombing, ]s, ], ], ], ], forced displacement and economic blockade.<ref name=Bandarage/><ref name=Danieli>{{cite book|last1=Somasundaram|first1=Daya|editor1-last=Danieli|editor1-first=Yael|editor2-last=Brom|editor2-first=Danny|editor3-last=Sills|editor3-first=Joe|title=The Trauma of Terrorism: Sharing Knowledge and Shared Care, An International Handbook|date=2012|publisher=]|isbn=1136747044|page=216|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tLXHfYKMQ_gC&|chapter=Short and Long Term Effects on the Victims of Terror in Sri Lanka}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kleinfeld|first1=Margo|editor1-last=Brunn|editor1-first=Stanley D.|title=11 September and Its Aftermath: The Geopolitics of Terror|date=2004|publisher=]|isbn=1135756023|page=106|chapter=Strategic Trooping in Sri Lanka: September Eleventh and the Consolidation of Political Position|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoyRAgAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dwivedi|first1=Manan|title=South Asia Security|date=2009|publisher=Kalpaz Publications|isbn=978-81-7835-759-1|page=170|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UCeQWz3y570C}}</ref> According to ] state terror was institutionalized into Sri Lanka's laws, government and society.<ref name=Danieli/>
==See also==
* ]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist|2}}


⚫ {{Sri Lankan Civil War}}
{{Asia topic|Terrorism in}} {{Asia topic|Terrorism in}}
⚫ {{Sri Lankan Civil War}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Terrorism In Sri Lanka}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Terrorism In Sri Lanka}}
] ]

Revision as of 14:11, 7 June 2015

Part of a series on
Terrorism and political violence
By ideology
Religious
Special-interest / Single-issue
Related topics
Organizational structures
  • Methods
  • Tactics
Terrorist groups
Relationship to states
State terrorism
State-sponsored terrorism
Response to terrorism

Terrorism in Sri Lanka has been a highly destructive phenomenon during the periods of Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009) and first and second JVP Insurrections (1971 and 1987–89). A common definition of terrorism is the systematic use or threatened use of violence to intimidate a population or government for political, religious, or ideological goals. Sri Lanka is a country that has experienced some of the worst known acts of modern terrorism, such as suicide bombings, massacres of civilians and assassination of political and social leaders, that posed a significant threat to the society, economy and development of the country.

Terrorism found in Sri Lanka can be mainly categorized in to ethno-nationalist terrorism and left wing terrorism. Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), a militant group that has launched a campaign of violence and bloodshed in Sri Lanka, to seize control of the country from the Sinhalese ethnic majority to create an independent Tamil state. The Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP), a Marxist-Leninist, communist party in Sri Lanka, which was involved in two armed uprisings against the ruling governments in 1971 (SLFP) and 1987–89 (UNP).

The Sri Lankan state has been accused of state terrorism against the Tamil minority as well as the Sinhalese majority. The Sri Lankan government and the Sri Lankan Armed Forces have been charged with massacres, indiscriminate shelling and bombing, extrajudicial killings, rape, torture, disappearance, arbitrary detention, forced displacement and economic blockade. According to Amnesty International state terror was institutionalized into Sri Lanka's laws, government and society.

References

  1. John Philip Jenkins (ed.). "Terrorism". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  2. "Terrorism". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (4th edition ed.). Bartleby.com. 2000. Retrieved 1 June 2015. {{cite encyclopedia}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
  3. Taming the Tamil Tigers, FBI
  4. ^ JVP and LTTE the twin menace that destroyed this Nation, A.A.M. Nizam, Daily News
  5. ^ Bandarage, Asoka (2009). The Separatist Conflict in Sri Lanka: Terrorism, Ethnicity, Political Economy. Routledge. p. 17. ISBN 0-415-77678-3.
  6. Hughes, Dhana. Violence, Torture and Memory in Sri Lanka: Life After Terror. Routledge. p. 109. ISBN 1135038155.
  7. Mukarji, Apratim (2005). Sri Lanka: A Dangerous Interlude. New Dawn Press. p. 71. ISBN 184557530X.
  8. Grant, Trevor (2014). Sri Lanka's Secrets: How the Rajapaksa Regime Gets Away with Murder. Monash University Publishing. p. 191. ISBN 1922235539.
  9. ^ Somasundaram, Daya (2012). "Short and Long Term Effects on the Victims of Terror in Sri Lanka". In Danieli, Yael; Brom, Danny; Sills, Joe (eds.). The Trauma of Terrorism: Sharing Knowledge and Shared Care, An International Handbook. Routledge. p. 216. ISBN 1136747044.
  10. Kleinfeld, Margo (2004). "Strategic Trooping in Sri Lanka: September Eleventh and the Consolidation of Political Position". In Brunn, Stanley D. (ed.). 11 September and Its Aftermath: The Geopolitics of Terror. Routledge. p. 106. ISBN 1135756023.
  11. Dwivedi, Manan (2009). South Asia Security. Kalpaz Publications. p. 170. ISBN 978-81-7835-759-1.
Sri Lankan civil war (1983–2009)
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