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| {{As of|2014}}, an ] of the ] (EVD) is ongoing in the ] country of ]. | |||
| Ebola virus is not ] to Sierra Leone or to the West Africa region and this epidemic represents the first time the virus has been discovered there.<ref>WHO Ebola Response Team. Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa — The First 9 Months of the Epidemic and Forward Projections. New England Journal of Medicine. September 23, 2014DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1411100</ref> | |||
| ==Epidemiology== | |||
| ] | |||
| ===Spring 2014: Early cases=== | |||
| As of the 31 March there were suspected but not confirmed cases in Sierra Leone <ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26816438 |title=Ebola: Liberia confirms cases, Senegal shuts border |publisher = BBC News |date=31 March 2014}}</ref> | |||
| The epidemic is thought to have started when 14 people returned from a funeral of a traditional healer, who had been trying to cure others with Ebola in ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nih.gov/researchmatters/september2014/09152014ebola.htm|title=Genetics of the 2014 Ebola Outbreak|publisher=|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
| The first person reported infected was a ]. She had treated an infected person(s) and died on 26 May. According to tribal tradition, her body was washed for burial and this appears to have led to infections in women from neighboring towns.<ref name="Fox News">{{cite web | url=http://www.foxnews.com/health/2014/08/25/sierra-leone-hero-doctor-death-exposes-slow-ebola-response/ | title=Sierra Leone 'hero' doctor's death exposes slow Ebola response | publisher=Fox News | work=Sierra Leone 'hero' doctor's death exposes slow Ebola response | date=25 August 2014 | accessdate=25 August 2014}}</ref> On 27 May 2014 it was reported 5 people died from Ebola virus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/26/us-ebola-leone-idUSKBN0E614G20140526|title= Five dead as Sierra Leone records first Ebola outbreak|work=Reuters|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
| The species of the Ebola virus appears to be the Zaire ebolavirus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/news-stories/field-news/race-control-ebola-sierra-leone|title=The Race To Control Ebola in Sierra Leone |work=MSF USA|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
| ===Summer 2014: Continued growth, Khan dies=== | |||
| In Early June Sierra Leone shut its borders with Guinea and Libera, and also closed its schools, cinemas, and nightlife places.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/06/11/us-health-ebola-leone-idUKKBN0EM2CG20140611|title=Sierra Leone shuts borders, closes schools to fight Ebola|publisher=|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
| On 29 July, well-known physician Sheik Umar Khan, Sierra Leone's only expert on hemorrhagic fever, died after contacting Ebola at his clinic in ]. Khan had long worked with ], a disease that kills over 5,000 a year in Africa. He had expanded his clinic to accept Ebola patients. Sierra Leone's President, Ernest Bai Koroma, celebrated Khan as a "national hero".<ref name="Fox News"/> | |||
| On July 30, it declared a state of emergency and deployed troops to quarantine hot spots.<ref>{{cite news | url= http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Sierra-Leone-Liberia-deploy-troops-for-Ebola-20140804 |title=Sierra Leone, Liberia deploy troops for Ebola = News 24 |date=4 August 2014}}</ref> | |||
| In August, awareness campaigns in ], Sierra Leone's capital, were delivered over the radio and through loudspeakers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wvxu.org/post/skeptics-sierra-leone-doubt-ebola-virus-exists|title=Skeptics In Sierra Leone Doubt Ebola Virus Exists|publisher=WVXU|date=6 August 2014|author=Ofeibea Quist-Arcton}}</ref> Also in August, Sierra Leone passed a law that subjected anyone hiding someone believed to be infected to two years in jail. At the time the law was enacted, a top parliamentarian was critical of failures by neighboring countries to stop the outbreak.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/two-year-jail-terms-for-hiding-ebola-victims-in--sierra-leone/493712-17.html |title=Two year jail terms for hiding Ebola victims in Sierra Leone |publisher=IBNLIVE |date=22 August 2014 |accessdate=23 August 2014}}</ref> | |||
| <gallery mode="packed" perrow=3 heights=200px> | |||
| File:Sierra Leone Kailahun.png|Kailahun District | |||
| File:Sierra Leone Kenema.png|Kenema District | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| {{clear}} | |||
| ===September 2014: Exponential growth, quarantines=== | |||
| ], ], and ] were added to the quarantine on September 25, 2014]] | |||
| In an attempt to control the disease, Sierra Leone imposed a three-day lockdown on its population from 19 to 21 September. During this period 28,500 trained community workers and volunteers went door-to-door providing information on how to prevent infection, as well as setting up community Ebola surveillance teams.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sierra Leone launches three-day, door-to-door Ebola prevention campaign|url=http://www.unicef.org/media/media_75963.html|publisher=UNICEF|accessdate=24 September 2014}}</ref> The campaign was called the ''Ouse to Ouse Tak'' in Krio language.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.unicef.org/2014/09/25/inside-sierra-leones-campaign-to-stop-ebola/|title=Inside Sierra Leone’s campaign to stop Ebola|work=UNICEF Connect - UNICEF BLOG|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> There was concern the 72 hour lock-down could backfire.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Health/sierra-leone-start-day-nationwide-lockdown-stop-ebola/story?id=25597357|title=Sierra Leone to Start 3-Day Nationwide Lockdown to Stop Ebola|work=ABC News|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
| WHO estimated on 21 September that Sierra Leone's capacity to treat EVD cases falls short by the equivalent of 532 beds.<ref name=sitrep_24Sept2014>{{cite web|title=Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/134771/1/roadmapsitrep_24Sept2014_eng.pdf?ua=1|publisher=World Heath Organisation|accessdate=25 September 2014|page=6}}</ref> Experts pushed for a greater response at this time noting that it may destroy Sierra Leone and Liberia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.de/ebola-threatens-to-destroy-sierra-leone-and-liberia/a-17915090|title=Ebola threatens to destroy Sierra Leone and Liberia|work=DW.DE|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> At this time it was estimated that if it spreads through both Liberia and Sierra Leone up to 5 million could be killed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://atlanta.cbslocal.com/2014/09/17/expert-5-million-people-could-die-from-ebola-outbreak/|title=Expert: 5 Million People Could Die From Ebola Outbreak|publisher=|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> (the population of Liberia about 4.3 million and S. Leone about 6.1 million) | |||
| On Monday 22 September, Stephen Gaojia said that the three day lock down has obtained its objective and will not be extended. Eighty percent of targeted households were reached in the operation. A total of around 150 new cases have been uncovered, but the exact figures will only be known on Thursday as the health ministry is still awaiting reports from remote locations.<ref name= "SL_locdown_22sept">{{cite news | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/ebola-virus-shutdown-in-sierra-leone-yields-massive-awareness-1.2774082 | title=Ebola virus shutdown in Sierra Leone yields 'massive awareness' | publisher=CBC News | date=22 September 2014 | accessdate=22 September 2014 }}</ref> | |||
| On Wednesday 24 September, President ] added three more districts under "isolation," in an effort to contain the spread. The districts include ], ], and ]. In the capital, Freetown, all homes with identified cases will be quarantined. This brings the total areas under isolation to 5, including the outbreak "hot spots" Kenema and Kailahun which are already in isolation. Only deliveries and essential services will be allowed in and out. A sharp rise in cases in these areas were also noted by WHO.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/sierra-leone-to-cordon-off-3-areas-to-stop-ebola/2014/09/25/13dad80e-4492-11e4-8042-aaff1640082e_story.html | title=Sierra Leone cordons off 3 areas to control Ebola | publisher=The Washington Post | date=25 September 2014 | accessdate=25 September 2014 }}</ref> | |||
| As of late September about 2 million people are in areas of restricted travel,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/main-topics/world/third-of-sierra-leone-population-now-under-quarantine-over-ebola-1-6861857|title=Third of Sierra Leone population now under quarantine over ebola|publisher=|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> which include Kailahun, Kenema, Bombali, Tonkolili, and Port Loko Districts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sl/drwebsite/publish/article_200526223.shtml|title=Sierra Leone News : Africell Presents Second Consignment of Food to all Quarantined Homes|publisher=|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
| <gallery mode="packed" perrow=3 heights=200px> | |||
| File:Sierra Leone Bombali.png|Bombali District | |||
| File:Sierra Leone Moyamba.png|Moyamba District | |||
| File:Sierra Leone PortLoko.png|Port Loko District | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| {{clear}} | |||
| The number of cases seemed to be doubling every 20 days, which lead to the estimate that by January 2015 the number of cases in Liberia and Sierra Leone could grow to 1.4 million.<ref name="businessweek.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-09-26/ebolas-deadly-math|title=A Primer on the Deadly Math of Ebola|work=Businessweek.com|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> After January 2015 if that level of growth continued the number of cases could grow to 100 million by June 2015, 1 billion (1000 million) by August 2015, and to the rest of population before 2016.<ref name="businessweek.com"/> For comparison there is about 1 billion people in all of Africa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/africa-population/|title=Africa Population 2014|publisher=|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
| On 25 September there was 1940 cases and 587 deaths officially, however, many acknowledged under reporting and there was an increasing number of cases in Freetown (the capital of Sierra Leone).<ref></ref> | |||
| ==Healthcare capacity== | |||
| On 26 August, the WHO shut down one of two laboratories after a health worker became infected. The laboratory was situated in the ] district, one of the worst-affected areas. It was thought by some that this move would disrupt efforts to increase the global response to the outbreak of the disease in the district.<ref name = WHO_infected_SL>{{cite news |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/08/26/us-health-ebola-idUSKBN0GQ17920140826 |title=WHO pulls staff after worker infected with Ebola in Sierra Leone |publisher=Reuters |date=26 August 2014 |accessdate=26 August 2014}}</ref> "It's a temporary measure to take care of the welfare of our remaining workers," WHO spokesperson Christy Feig announced. He did not specify how long the closure would last, but said they would return after an assessment of the situation by the WHO. The medical worker, one of the first WHO staff infected by the Ebola Virus, was treated at a hospital in Kenema and then evacuated to ].<ref name = WHO_infected_SL/><ref name="NBC News">{{cite news |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/ebola-virus-outbreak/ebola-patient-arrives-germany-treatment-n190006 |title=Ebola Patient Arrives in Germany for Treatment |publisher=NBC News |date=27 August 2014 |accessdate=28 August 2014}}</ref> | |||
| As the Ebola epidemic grew it damaged the health care infrastructure, leading to increased deaths from other health issues including malaria, dysentery, and pnumenia because they were not be treated.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/26/us-health-ebola-collateral-idUSKCN0HL0TU20140926|title= 'Collateral' death toll expected to soar in Africa's Ebola crisis|work=Reuters|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> Sierra Leone lost three of its top doctors by the end of August, because they died from Ebola.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/ebola-infected-doctor-in-sierra-leone-sahr-rogers-dies-1.2748090|title=Ebola-infected doctor in Sierra Leone, Sahr Rogers, dies|date=27 August 2014|publisher=|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> A fourth doctor became ill with Ebola in September and died that month.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oudaily.com/news/sierra-leone-requests-funds-for-ebola-evacuation/article_1aa37b22-3ce1-11e4-9d85-0017a43b2370.html|title=Sierra Leone requests funds for Ebola evacuation|work=OUDaily.com|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
| By 23 September 2014 about 61 health workers had died out of 91 known to have been infected with ebola in Sierra Leone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/health/2014/09/23/who-revises-up-number-health-workers-killed-by-ebola-in-sierra-leone/|title=WHO revises up number of health workers killed by Ebola in Sierra Leone|work=Fox News|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
| WHO estimated on 21 September that Sierra Leone's capacity to treat EVD cases falls short by the equivalent of 532 beds.<ref name=sitrep_24Sept2014>{{cite web|title=Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/134771/1/roadmapsitrep_24Sept2014_eng.pdf?ua=1|publisher=World Heath Organisation|accessdate=25 September 2014|page=6}}</ref> | |||
| ==Evacuations== | |||
| On 24 August. ], a British nurse, was evacuated from Sierra Leone. He was released on September the 3rd, 2014.<ref name = united_Kingdom_Ebola>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-28919831 |title=British Ebola patient arrives in UK for hospital treatment |publisher=Bbc News |date=24 August 2014|accessdate=25 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theweek.co.uk/world-news/ebola/57952/ebola-british-nurse-makes-full-recovery-and-leaves-hospital |title=Ebola:British nurse makes 'full recovery' and leaves hospital|publisher=he Week |date=3 September 2014|accessdate=5 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
| On 21 September 2014 Spain evacuated a Catholic priest who had contracted Ebola while working in Sierra Leone with Hospital Order of San Juan de Dios.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/spain-repatriate-priest-diagnosed-ebola-sierra-leone-272058|title=Spain to Repatriate Priest Diagnosed with Ebola in Sierra Leone|publisher=|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> By 25 September 2014 the priest passed away in Madrid, Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/medical/article/Second-Spanish-priest-with-Ebola-dies-in-Madrid-5780384.php?|title=Second Spanish priest with Ebola dies in Madrid|work=San Antonio Express-News|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
| A doctor from Senegal contracted Ebola while working in Sierra Leone, and was evacuated to Germany at the end of August 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://time.com/3191746/third-doctor-dies-from-ebola-in-sierra-leone/|title=Third Doctor Dies From Ebola in Sierra Leone|work=TIME.com|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> In late September, a doctor working for an International Aid organization in Sierra Leone, was evacuated to Switzerland after potentially being exposed. He later tested negative for the disease.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thelocal.ch/20140922/bite-sends-ebola-virus-doctor-to-geneva|title=Bite sends Ebola virus doctor to Geneva|publisher=|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
| In late September 2014, an American doctor working in Sierra Leone was evacuated to Maryland, USA after being exposed to Ebola.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/nih-expected-to-admit-patient-exposed-to-ebola-virus/2014/09/27/0deee7a4-4673-11e4-b437-1a7368204804_story.html|title=NIH expected to admit American patient exposed to Ebola virus|work=Washington Post|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> Althouth they were exposed they may not develop the virus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/nih-expected-to-admit-patient-exposed-to-ebola-virus/2014/09/27/0deee7a4-4673-11e4-b437-1a7368204804_story.html|title=NIH expected to admit American patient exposed to Ebola virus|work=Washington Post|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{reflist|2}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{Ebola|state=expanded}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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