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{{Infobox company {{Infobox company
| company_name = Smithfield Foods, Inc. | company_name = Smithfield Foods, Inc.

Revision as of 16:33, 12 September 2012

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Smithfield Foods, Inc.
Company typePublic (NYSE: SFD)
IndustryFood processing
Founded1936
HeadquartersSmithfield, Virginia
Key peopleJoseph W. Luter III (Chairman), C. Larry Pope (CEO)
ProductsMeat
RevenueIncrease US$ 12 billion (2011)
Number of employees51,000
Websitewww.smithfieldfoods.com

Smithfield Foods, Inc. is the world’s largest pork producer and processor. Headquartered in Smithfield, Virginia, it runs facilities in 26 U.S. states, including the world's largest meat-processing plant in Tar Heel, North Carolina. Outside the United States, it has operations in Brazil, China, France, Mexico, Poland, Romania, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

Smithfield was started in 1936 as the Smithfield Packing Company, now its largest subsidiary, then acquired companies such as Eckrich, Farmland Foods, and Premium Standard Farms. It was able to grow as a result of its highly industrialized pig production in North Carolina and Iowa, raising the pigs using a "vertical integration" system, whereby it controls the animals from conception to slaughter, housing thousands of them together in barns covered with metal roofs.

The company raises 14 million pigs a year and processes 27 million, producing six billion pounds of pork in 2006. It was the top pig slaughter operation in the United States in 2007, at 114,300 pigs a day, and along with American Foods Group, Cargill Meat Solutions and XL Beef slaughtered 56 percent of the cows processed there daily. Smithfield has sold its products under a variety of brand names, including Cook's Ham, Gwaltney, John Morrell, Krakus Ham, Patrick Cudahy, and Stefano's. C. Larry Pope is the president and CEO.

History and brands

The company traces its history to 1936, when Joseph W. Luter Sr and his son, Joseph W. Luter Jnr, opened Smithfield Packing Company in Smithfield, Virginia. The latter served as CEO until his death in 1962. A grandson, Joseph W. Luter III, joined the company the same year, and became chairman and CEO in 1966 until Smithfield was taken over by Liberty Equities. The company hired Luter again as CEO in 1975, when it found itself in financial difficulties; his restructuring of the company is credited with its improved performance. Luter remains on the board of directors. Joseph W. Luter IV is an executive vice-president of Smithfield Foods as of 2010, as well as the president of the Smithfield Packing Company, now the parent company's largest subsidiary.

Smithfield began to expand with its purchase of Gwaltney in 1981, Patrick Cudahy in 1984, and Schluderberg-Kurdle in 1986. It opened the world's largest processing plant in Tar Heel, North Carolina, in 1992, purchased John Morrell & Co in 1995, Circle Four Farms in 1998, Carroll's Foods in 1999, and Murphy Family Farms (the largest pig producer in the United States) and Tyson's Pork Group Inc in 1999/2000. It bought Farmland Foods in 2003; Sara Lee's European Meats, ConAgra Foods, Butterball, and Premium Standard Farms in 2007.

According to its website, the parent company had 52,400 employees around the world as of December 2010, and produced over 50 brands of pork products and 200 gourmet foods, with an annual revenue of $12 billion as of 2007. Along with specialty brands such as Paula Deen Collection, and international brands such as Weight Watchers, the company's 12 core brands are Armour, Carando, Cook's, Curly's Foods, Eckrich, Farmland, Gwaltney, Healthy Ones, John Morrell, Kretschmar, Margherita, and Smithfield. The company also operates The Genuine Smithfield Ham Shoppe and a restaurant, Taste of Smithfield, both in Smithfield, Virginia.

Pig production

Vertical integration

Further information: Intensive pig farming and Factory farming

Joseph Luter III created a "vertical integration" system, whereby Smithfield controls every stage of pig production from birth to slaughter, with genetic and health information retained on every animal, what Tyya N. Turner calls a "hog biography." The company website traces this development to 1990, when it writes that it began to differentiate itself in the market, managing its pigs from conception to processing, which it says produced "more consistent, higher-quality, leaner meat products." As a result of the vertical integration, Smithfield expanded by over 1,000 percent between 1990 and 2005.

The pigs are housed together in identical barns with metal roofs. The floors of the barns are slatted, allowing waste to be flushed into ponds, or lagoons. The area around one slaughterhouse can contain hundreds of these lagoons, which are up to 30 feet deep. Smithfield says the lagoons are lined and cannot leak. Jeff Tietz writes that the waste, a mixture of excrement, urine, blood, afterbirths and stillborn pigs, drugs and other chemicals, overflows when it rains, and the liners can be punctured by rocks. The company was fined $12.6 million in 1997 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for 6,900 violations of the Clean Water Act after discharging illegal levels of slaughterhouse waste into the Pagan River in Virginia.

Turner writes that in 1990 the company obtained 2,000 pigs, and the exclusive right to their genetic lines, from Britain's National Pig Development Company. The company used the pigs to create Smithfield Lean Generation Pork, which was certified by the American Heart Association for its low fat, salt, and cholesterol content. Luter attributed Smithfield's ability to create this meat to the "vertical integration" system.

Pregnant sows

Sows used for breeding are confined in 7 ft x 2 ft gestation crates.

The company confines pregnant sows to 7 ft (2.1 m) by 2 ft (0.61 m) gestation crates, where they spend most of their lives. As the sows grow larger, they are unable to turn around, and must choose between standing or sleeping on their chests. After weaning, they are given one week rest, then impregnated through artificial insemination and returned to the gestation crates. They follow this cycle until their litter size begins to decline, at which point they are replaced. After several supermarket chains and McDonald's expressed concern about the crates, Smithfield announced in 2007 that in ten years it would no longer use them, but in June 2009 the company said the crates would not be phased out within ten years because of operating losses. It said in December 2010 that it was continuing its efforts to convert to group housing for pregnant sows.

Piglets

When the piglets are about three weeks old, they are weaned and moved without the sow to the nursery, where they are housed in groups of 15 or so, in compartments with wire mesh floors, grouped by age and sex. They remain there for 12 to 16 weeks, then are moved into the finishing buildings and fattened to 250–280 pounds by the age of 25 weeks. They are then moved onto a truck along a corridor created by movable plastic walls, and delivered to a slaughterhouse.

Environmental and animal welfare record

Emissions

Smithfield has come under criticism for the millions of gallons of untreated fecal matter it produces and stores in the lagoons. In a four-year period, in North Carolina alone, 4.7 million gallons of hog fecal matter were released into the state's rivers. Workers and residents near Smithfield plants have reported health problems, and have complained about constant, overpowering stenches of hog feces. Two years after it was fined $12.6 million by the EPA for illegal discharges in Virginia, the facilities in North Carolina came under scrutiny again when Hurricane Floyd flooded a number of ponds/lagoons holding fecal matter, and many of the hog farms that contracted with Smithfield were accused of polluting the state's rivers.

Smithfield agreed in 2000 to fund development of environmentally sound waste management technologies for use on North Carolina swine farms; commit $15 million to fund research at North Carolina State University; and make an annual contribution of $2 million to fund environmental enhancement grants in the state.

In 2005 the company received ISO 14001 certification from the International Organization for Standardization for its U.S. hog production and processing facilities, with the exception of new acquisitions; in 2009 14 U.S. plants, and 21 farms and facilities in Romania received certification. In 2006 its hog-production subsidiary Murphy-Brown agreed to adopt new measures to enhance environmental protections at its facilities in North Carolina in a landmark environmental pact with the Waterkeeper Alliance, once one of Smithfield's biggest critics. In 2009 it said it had reduced greenhouse gas emissions at its plants by four percent since 2007. It had also cut its processing emissions per 100 pounds of production by 62 percent compared to 2007, and its first-processing emissions per animal by 41 percent. Smithfield attributed the improvements to the divestiture of the beef group. In 2010 Smithfield released its ninth annual Corporate Social Responsibility report, and announced its appointment of a chief sustainability officer and two sustainability committees.

Swine flu

In 2009 Mexican newspapers linked Smithfield's pig farming practices to the outbreak of H1N1 (swine flu). The Washington Post reported that farmers in the area had been complaining about headaches from the stench, and wild dogs had been eating pig carcasses that were lying in the open; the Post also reported that health officials had found no link between the Smithfield facilities and the H1N1 outbreak. The speculation of a link arose, according to local Mexican media, because residents in the area complained of the swarms of flies around waste lagoons. Mexican health officials said that the type of fly is known to reproduce in pig waste, and that the swine flu outbreak may be linked to these pig farms. At the end of April 2009, Smithfield denied any responsibility for contributing to, or being the source of, the virus.

Packaging reduction

Smithfield is working on packaging reduction efforts. In 2009 Armour-Eckrich replaced an oversized rectangular package for smoked sausage with crescent-style packaging. The new design reduces the amount of plastic film and corrugated cardboard used by more than 840,000 pounds per year. In addition, several plants are switching to or testing a new bagging system that helps reduce plastic use. The John Morrell plant in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, piloted the system for Smithfield in 2010, reducing the amount of plastic required by about 40,600 pounds a year. Farmland Foods reduced the amount of corrugated packaging entering waste streams by more than 5 million pounds per year. Smithfield Packing reduced the size of its tubs for deli meat, using 17 percent less plastic for each one. The company also cut the size of the boxes that transport chicken frankfurters to its largest customer, eliminating about 20,000 pounds of corrugated material a year.

2010 Humane Society investigation

In December 2010, the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) released an undercover video taken by one of its investigators, who worked for a month at Murphy-Brown, a Smithfield subsidiary in Waverly, Virginia. The investigator videotaped 1,000 large female pigs living in gestation crates during their four-month pregnancies; the sows are moved for three weeks to a nursing stall, then artificially inseminated and returned to the gestation crates. The Associated Press reported that the investigator saw a lame pig shot in the forehead with a stun gun and thrown into a dumpster (the video shows the pig – with the word "kill" painted on the animal's back – being dragged by the snout, shot in the head and thrown into the trash bin while still alive); sows biting their crates in frustration and bleeding as a result; staff jabbing them to make them move, and mishandling piglets and tossing them into carts; and piglets born prematurely in gestation crates falling through the slats into the manure pits. The investigator saw no veterinarians at the facility. A manager told the investigator to ignore a sow with a basketball-sized abscess on her neck, then cut the abscess open with an unsterilized razor.

Smithfield told the Associated Press that it has "zero tolerance for any behavior that does not conform to our established animal well-being procedures." The company responded by sacking three workers. Temple Grandin, a professor of animal husbandry, was asked by Smithfield Foods to review the footage taken by HSUS; she recommended an inspection of the facilities by animal welfare expert Jennifer Woods. The Virginia state veterinarian, Richard Wilkes told The Virginian-Pilot in January 2011 that Smithfield Foods had been "very responsive and very responsible in how they've addressed the issues" raised by the undercover investigation. Wilkes said he was invited to visit the farm in December as part of the investigation. He said he did not see "any indication of abuse" of the pigs and was impressed with the pigs' demeanor. A Humane Society spokesman said that Smithfield had provided the state vet "with a pre-announced, white glove tour."

Legal and labor issues

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Union dispute

The Smithfield Packing plant in Tar Heel, North Carolina, had been the site of a long dispute between the company and the United Food and Commercial Workers Union (UFCW), which had been trying to organize the plant for over a decade. Employees at the plant voted against the union in 1994 and 1997, but the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) later alleged that unfair election conduct had occurred and ordered a new election. In 2006, the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals found in favor of the NLRB, and Smithfield agreed to comply with the NLRB's remedies to ensure a fair election.

Smithfield and the employees at Tar Heel had repeatedly called on the UFCW to hold a new election and the company had agreed to pay half the cost of an independent observer to ensure a fair election process, but the union had refused the offer, arguing that Smithfield would not allow a fair election and should have recognized card-check organizing. After a year-long series of public demonstrations, several lockouts, a number of protests and a shareholder meeting which was disrupted by shareholders supporting the union, the UFCW called for a boycott of Smithfield products. In October 2007, Smithfield countered by filing a federal RICO Act lawsuit against UFCW. In October 2008, the UFCW and Smithfield reached an agreement, under which the union agreed to suspend its boycott campaign in return for the company dropping its RICO lawsuit and allowing another election. On December 10 and 11, workers at the plant voted 2,041 to 1,879 in favor of joining the UFCW, bringing the 15-year fight to an end.

Justice Department penalty

In January 2009, Smithfield was assessed a $900,000 penalty by the U.S. Justice Department to settle charges that the company engaged in illegal merger activity during its takeover of Premium Standard Farms LLC in 2006.

Recent activities

Charitable giving

Established in 2002, the Smithfield-Luter Foundation is a non-profit organization that acts as the philanthropic wing of Smithfield Foods. The Foundation is dedicated primarily to providing scholarship opportunities to the children and grandchildren of Smithfield employees. It has given $5 million to Christopher Newport University in Newport News, Virginia, to establish the Joseph W. Luter III School of Business and a leadership scholarship program, and $5 million to the University of Virginia Cancer Center in Charlottesville, Virginia. The Foundation also provides support for its "learners to leaders" programs, begun in 2006, which operates in Sioux Falls, South Dakota; Green Bay, Wisconsin; Denison, Iowa; and Norfolk, Virginia.

Sale of Butterball share, plant closures

Smithfield offered $200 million to Maxwell Farms for the portion of Butterball that Smithfield did not own. A decision had to be made whether to buy Maxwell's share or sell Smithfield's. On September 10, 2010, Smithfield announced the sale of its 49 percent share in Butterball for an estimated $175 million, to be used to pay debt. Maxwell Farms LLC and Seaboard Corp. completed their purchase of turkey business in December 2010.

In February 2009, the company announced that it planned to close six plants and to reduce the number of its independent operating companies from seven to three.

NASCAR sponsorship

Smithfield sponsored Bobby Hamilton, Jr.'s #25 Team Rensi Motorsports Ford during the 2008 NASCAR Nationwide Series season with their subsidiary brand, Eckrich. In 2012, Smithfield reached a three-year deal with Richard Petty Motorsports to sponsor the #43 Ford driven by Aric Almirola.

Governance

Board of directors
  • Joseph W. Luter, III, director since 1975
  • C. Larry Pope, director since 2006
  • Hon. Carol T. Crawford, director since 2000
  • Richard T. Crowder, director since 2011
  • Margaret G. Lewis, director since 2011
  • Wendell H. Murphy, director since 2000
  • David C. Nelson, director since 2008
  • Frank S. Royal, M.D., director since 2002
  • John T. Schwieters, director since 2001
  • Hon. Paul S. Trible, Jr., director since 2007
Corporate officers
  • C. Larry Pope --President and Chief Executive Officer
  • George H. Richter --President and Chief Operating Officer, Pork Group
  • Joseph W. Luter, IV--Executive Vice President, Sales and Marketing, Pork Group
  • Robert W. Manly, IV--Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
  • Dhamu Thamodaran --Executive Vice President and Chief Commodity Hedging Officer
  • Dennis H. Treacy --Executive Vice President and Chief Sustainability Officer
  • Michael H. Cole --Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary
  • Jeffrey A. Deel --Vice President and Corporate Controller
  • Timothy Dykstra --Vice President and Corporate Treasurer
  • Bart Ellis --Vice President, Operations Analysis
  • Michael D. Flemming --Vice President and Corporate General Counsel
  • Craig R. Harlow --Vice President and Internal Audit
  • Keira L. Lombardo --Vice President of Investor Relations and Corporate Communications
  • Henry L. Morris --Senior Corporate Vice President, Operations and Engineering
  • Parul Stevens --Vice President of Risk Management
  • Kenneth M. Sullivan --Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Accounting Officer
  • Vernon T. Turner --Vice President, Corporate Tax
  • Mansour T. Zadeh --Chief Information Officer
  • Dariusz Nowakowski --President, Smithfield Europe

See also

References

  1. ^ Turner, Tyya N. Vault Guide to the Top Consumer Products Employers. Vault Inc., 2005, pp. 323–324.
  2. Ong, Aihwa and Collier, Stephen J. Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems. Wiley-Blackwell, 2005, p. 178.
  3. ^ Tietz, Jeff. "Boss Hog", Rolling Stone, December 14, 2006, p. 1.
  4. Seward, Robert A. "Regulations on Meat Hygiene in the USA", in Fidel Toldrá. Safety of Meat and Processed Meat. Springer, 2009, p. 650.
  5. ^ "1965–1936"; "2000–1966"; "Present–2010"; "Corporate Officers", Smithfield Foods, accessed December 22, 2010.
  6. "A Look Back at the Smithfield Foods History", Smithfield Foods, accessed December 22, 2010.
  7. "The Brands of Smithfield Foods, Inc. and Our Independent Operating Companies", Smithfield Foods.
  8. Walzer, Philip. "Pork producer Smithfield Foods to open restaurant", The Virginian-Pilot, July 10, 2012.
  9. "2000–1966", Smithfield Foods, accessed December 22, 2010.
  10. Tietz 2006, p. 2
  11. ^ "Smithfield Foods fined $12.6 million. Largest Clean Water Act fine ever", Environmental Protection Agency, August 8, 1997.
  12. Rollin, Bernard E. Farm Animal Welfare: Social, Bioethical, and Research Issues. Iowa State University Press, 1995, p. 76.
  13. Kaufman, Marc. "Largest Pork Processor to Phase Out Crates", The Washington Post, January 26, 2007.
  14. "Looking Out For All Animals", The Atlantic, August 26, 2009.
  15. Tietz 2006, p. 4
  16. "Smithfield Foods," LawyersandSettlements.com 15 March 2007, attributed to ABC 13 News.
  17. "Smithfield Agreement". NCSU College of Agriculture & Life Sciences.
  18. "Smithfield Foods facilities obtain ISO 14001 certification". {{cite web}}: Text "Reliable Plant" ignored (help)
  19. "Testimony of Richard J. Dove, Waterkeeper Alliance". Senate Committee on Government Affairs. 2002-03-02.
  20. ^ "Smithfield Foods CSR Report: Commits to Reduce Energy and Water Use, Solid Waste 10% by 2016", Environmental Leader, July 23, 2010, accessed December 20, 2010.
  21. "Smithfield Foods Releases Annual Corporate Social Responsibility Report", Smithfield Foods, July 22, 2010, accessed December 20, 2010.
  22. Lucas, Caroline (April 28, 2009). "Swine flu: is intensive pig farming to blame?". The Guardian. London. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
  23. Fainaru, Steve. "Mexicans Blame Industrial Hog Farms", The Washington Post, May 10, 2009.
  24. "Swine-flu outbreak linked to Smithfield factory farms". Tom Philpott. April 25, 2009.
  25. Tuckman, Jo (April 29, 2009). "Attention turns to La Gloria in search to determine swine flu source". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
  26. ^ "Humane Society Claims Pigs Abused at Va. Farm", Associated Press, December 15, 2010.
  27. "Grandin/Woods Report", December 20, 2010.
  28. Walzer, Philip. "State veterinarian approves Smithfield's pig handling", The Virginian-Pilot, January 10, 2011.
  29. "Statement on NLRB decision". Smithfield Packing Co. June 15, 2006.
  30. "Smithfield: Workers Want Union Vote". Associated Press. July 13, 2007.
  31. Kris Maher, "Firms Use RICO to Fight Union Tactics," Wall Street Journal, December 10, 2007.
  32. Greenhouse, Steven (December 13, 2008). "After 15 Years, North Carolina Plant Unionizes". The New York Times. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
  33. "Smithfield Foods Settles Charges Of Pre-Merger Coordination". CNN. January 21, 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  34. "Christopher Newport University Partners with Smithfield Foods, Inc. to Name The Joseph W. Luter, III School of Business", Christopher Newport University, accessed December 27, 2010.
    • For information about the program, see "About the program", Smithfield, Christopher Newport University, accessed December 27, 2010.
  35. "Smithfield-Luter Foundation Announces $5 Million Gift for Cancer Research," Smithfield News, Spring 2006.
  36. Smith, Ron. "Effort shapes learners, leaders", Feedstuffs Foodlink, Smithfield-Luter Foundation, accessed December 27, 2010.
  37. Felberbaum, Michael. "Smithfield to sell its stake in Butterball", Associated Press, September 10, 2010.
  38. "Sale of Butterball complete". Bloomberg.
  39. "Smithfield Foods to close plants, cut jobs". MarketWatch. February 17, 2009.
  40. http://msn.foxsports.com/nascar/story/Richard-Petty-names-Smithfield-Foods-sponsor-for-15-NASCAR-Sprint-Cup-races-011212 Petty names 2012 sponsor
  41. ^ "Leadership at Smithfield Foods", Smithfield Foods.

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