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{{Infobox person {{Infobox scientist
| name = Patrick J. Michaels | name = Patrick J. Michaels
| image = | image = <!--(filename only)-->
| image_size = | image_size =
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| birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|02|15}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1950|02|15}} | birth_place = ]
| birth_place = | residence = ]
| residence = | citizenship =
| nationality = American | nationality = American
| known_for = Work on global warming | fields = ], ]
| workplaces = ],<br>],<br>]
| education = A.B. and S.M in biological sciences and plant ecology<br/>PhD (1979) in ecological climatology
| alma_mater = ]<br/>] | alma_mater = ],<br/>]
| employer = | thesis_title = Atmospheric anomalies and crop yields in North America
| thesis_url = http://www.worldcat.org/title/atmospheric-anomalies-and-crop-yields-in-north-america/oclc/6464506
| organization = Senior fellow at ]; senior fellow at the ]
| notable_works = | thesis_year = 1979
| doctoral_advisor =
| occupation = Climatologist
| academic_advisors =
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| children = | known_for = Work on global warming
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⚫ | website = , Cato Institute
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'''Patrick J. ("Pat") Michaels''' (born February 15, 1950) is an American ]. Michaels is a senior research fellow for Research and Economic Development at ], and a senior fellow in environmental studies at the ]. Until 2007 he was ] of environmental sciences at the University of Virginia, where he had worked from 1980.<ref name="Patrick J. Michaels"/>


'''Patrick Joseph "Pat" Michaels''' (born February 15, 1950) <ref>{{cite news |author=Schultz, James |date=February 19, 1996 |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-68705760.html |title=Earth Men: Michaels: When it comes to matters of global warming, scientist is on of the nation's leading contrarians |work=The Virginian-Pilot |accessdate=2012-08-31}}</ref> is a ] and the director of the Center for the Study of Science at the ].<ref name=cato>{{cite web |url=http://www.cato.org/people/patrick-michaels |title=Patrick J. Michaels: Director, Center for the Study of Science |publisher=Cato Institute |accessdate=2012-08-31}}</ref> He was a ] of ] at the ] for thirty years.<ref name=cato/>
⚫ A self-described skeptic on the issue of ], he is a past president of the ]. He has written a number of books and papers on climate change, including ''Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming'' (1992), ''The Satanic Gases'' (2000), and ''Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians, and the Media'' (2004) and is the co-author of ''Climate of Extremes: Global Warming Science They Don't Want You to Know'' (2009).<ref name="Patrick J. Michaels">"," Cato Institute, accessed August 3, 2010; for his self-described skepticism, see Michael, Patrick. , Cato Institute, accessed August 3, 2010.</ref>


==Background== ==Education==
Michaels received an ] in biological science in 1971 and an ] in ] in 1975 from the ].<ref name=cv>{{cite web | url=http://democrats.energycommerce.house.gov/sites/default/files/documents/MICHAELS.CV_.2009.02.12.pdf | title=C.V. Patrick J. Michaels | publisher=] |date=February 12, 2009 |accessdate=2012-08-31}}</ref> He received a ] in ecological climatology in 1979 from the ].<ref name=cv/> His doctoral thesis was titled, ''Atmospheric anomalies and crop yields in North America''.<ref>{{cite journal | author=Michaels, Patrick J. | year=1979 | url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/atmospheric-anomalies-and-crop-yields-in-north-america/oclc/6464506 | title=Atmospheric anomalies and crop yields in North America | publisher=]}}</ref>
Michaels has an A.B. and S.M. in biological sciences and plant ecology from the ], and in 1979 obtained his Ph.D. in ecological climatology from the ].

==Career==
Michaels was a research and project assistant in the Center for Climatic Research at the ] from 1976 to 1979.<ref name=cv/> After obtaining his Ph.D. he became an Assistant Professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia in 1980, advancing to Associate Professor in 1986 and finally Professor in 1996.<ref name=cv/> Michaels was the Virginia State Climatologist from 1980 to 2007 and past president of the American Association of State Climatologists.<ref name=cv/>

He has been a visiting scientist at the ] and a senior fellow in environmental studies at the Cato Institute.<ref name=cv/> Currently he is the director of the Center for the Study of Science at the Cato Institute.<ref name=cato/>

Michaels was an adjunct professor and senior research fellow in the School of Public Policy at ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://policy.gmu.edu/portals/0/syllabi/2010_2/PUBP710.pdf |title=SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY: PUBP 710-xxx - PUBLIC SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY |publisher=George Mason University |year=2010 |accessdate=2012-08-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cato.org/people/patrick-michaels |title=Patrick J. Michaels: Senior Fellow in Environmental Studies |publisher=Cato Institute |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110706003228/http://www.cato.org/people/patrick-michaels |archivedate=July 6, 2011 |accessdate=2012-08-31}}</ref>

He has been a member of the ], the ], the ], the ] and ].<ref name=cv/>


==Views on climate change== ==Views on climate change==
⚫ He is one of the most widely quoted ]s<ref>{{cite news | title=The truth about global warming | date=11 October 2005 | publisher=] | first=Sandi | last=Doughton | accessdate=2007-05-04 | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002549346_globewarm11.html }}</ref> and has described himself as a skeptic.<ref>http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=6129</ref> He contends that the changes will be minor, not ], and may even be beneficial.<ref name="Michaels2000">{{cite journal | publisher=Regulation | volume=23 | issue=3 | date=Fall 2000 | accessdate=2007-03-14 | title=The Way of Warming | first=Patrick | last=Michaels | coauthors=Paul C. Knappenberger, and Robert E. Davis | url=http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv23n3/michaels5.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref>

⚫ Michaels has said that he does not contest the basic scientific principles behind greenhouse warming and acknowledges that the global mean temperature has increased in recent decades.{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}} He is one of the most widely quoted ]s<ref>{{cite news | title=The truth about global warming | date=11 October 2005 | publisher=] | first=Sandi | last=Doughton | accessdate=2007-05-04 | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002549346_globewarm11.html }}</ref> and has described himself as a skeptic.<ref>http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=6129</ref> He contends that the changes will be minor, not ], and may even be beneficial.<ref name="Michaels2000">{{cite journal | publisher=Regulation | volume=23 | issue=3 | date=Fall 2000 | accessdate=2007-03-14 | title=The Way of Warming | first=Patrick | last=Michaels | coauthors=Paul C. Knappenberger, and Robert E. Davis | url=http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv23n3/michaels5.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref>


He has written extensive editorials on this topic for the mass media, and for ]s and their publications such as ''Regulation''.<ref name="Michaels2000" /> He has written extensive editorials on this topic for the mass media, and for ]s and their publications such as ''Regulation''.<ref name="Michaels2000" />
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<blockquote>Why is the news on global warming always bad? Perhaps because there's little incentive to look at things the other way. If you do, you're liable to be pilloried by your colleagues. If global warming isn't such a threat, who needs all that funding?<ref>, Wall Street Journal, 4-18-08</ref></blockquote> <blockquote>Why is the news on global warming always bad? Perhaps because there's little incentive to look at things the other way. If you do, you're liable to be pilloried by your colleagues. If global warming isn't such a threat, who needs all that funding?<ref>, Wall Street Journal, 4-18-08</ref></blockquote>


==Funding controversy==
==Criticism and support==
On ], Michaels responded to a question about private industry funding his research stating, "Well, you know, most of my funding, the vast majority, comes from taxpayer-supported entities. I would make the argument that if funding colors research, I should be certainly biased more towards the taxpayers, of which I am one, than towards industry."<ref>{{cite interview |last=Michaels |first=Patrick |date=August 17, 2002 |url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0208/17/cg.00.html |title=Greenspan Declines to Cut Interest Rates; Politicians Try to Blame Each Other For Recession; Is Global Warming Just Bunk |program=] |accessdate=2012-09-01}}</ref>


⚫ ] reported that the Intermountain Rural Electric Association (IREA), a Colorado electric cooperative, contributed $100,000 to Michaels in February 2006.<ref>{{cite news |author=Clayton, Sandell |coauthors=Bill Blakemore |date=July 27, 2006 |title=ABC News Reporting Cited As Evidence In Congressional Hearing On Global Warming |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/print?id=2242565 |work=] |accessdate=2007-03-14}}</ref> An ] report said that the donations had been made after Michaels had "told Western business leaders ... that he was running out of money for his analyses of other scientists' global warming research" and noted that some viewed it as a conflict of interest, while others viewed it as "the type of lobbying that goes along with many divisive issues".<ref>{{cite news |author=Borenstein, Seth |date=26 July 2006 |title=Utilities Give Warming Skeptic Big Bucks |url=http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/articles/2006/07/27/utilities_paying_global_warming_skeptic/ |agency=] |work=The Boston Globe |accessdate=2009-10-13}}</ref> Michaels is open about the money and sees no problem with it.<ref name=wired>{{cite web |date=July 27, 2006 |url=http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2006/07/71486 |title=Funding a Global-Warming Skeptic |agency=] |work=] |accessdate=2012-09-01}}</ref> He said the money will help pay his staff and stated, "Last I heard, anybody can ask a scientific question, It is a very spirited discussion that requires technical response and expertise."<ref name=wired/>
] director, ],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/experts/140/john_p_holdren.html | accessdate=2009-03-31 | title=John Holdren's bio and publications at Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs}}</ref> told the ] Republican Policy Committee in June 2003, "Michaels is another of the handful of U.S. climate-change contrarians … He has published little if anything of distinction in the professional literature, being noted rather for his shrill op-ed pieces and indiscriminate denunciations of virtually every finding of mainstream climate science."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Publications/PDF_Papers/HoldrenRPCClimateComments.pdf |format=PDF| accessdate=2007-03-14 | date=June 9, 2003 | author=John P. Holdren | title=Comments by John P. Holdren on "The Shaky Science Behind the Climate Change Sense of the Congress Resolution" - US Senate Republican Policy Committee}}</ref> In 2009 Michaels responded in a ] Op-Ed, saying that the IPCC had subverted the peer review process, and adding the IPCC had "left out plenty of peer-reviewed science that it found inconveniently disagreeable."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/columns/OpEd-Contributor/Climate-scientists-subverted-peer-review-8613054-78248872.html | accessdate=2010-01-10 | date=December 2, 2009 | title=Patrick Michaels: Climate scientists subverted peer review}}</ref>

Climate scientist ],<ref>{{cite pressrelease| url=http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/prrl/prrl0319.html | title=Leading Climate Scientists Reaffirm View that Late 20th Century Warming Was Unusual and Resulted From Human Activity | publisher=] | date=7 July 2003 | accessdate=2007-05-27 }}</ref> a lead author of parts of the report of the ], has stated that "Michaels' statements on the subject of ] are a catalog of misrepresentation and misinterpretation … Many of the supposedly factual statements made in Michaels' testimony are either inaccurate or are seriously misleading."<ref>{{cite book | title=The Heat is On | publisher=Perseus Books | first=Ross | last=Gelbspan | month=August | year=1997 | isbn=0-201-13295-8 | authorlink=Ross Gelbspan}}</ref>

Michaels received praise for his book, "Climate of Extremes: Global Warming Science They Don't Want You to Know" from ] Principal ] ], who wrote, "Michaels and Balling]] have provided a treasure trove of the latest global warming science."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nrbookservice.com/products/BookPage.asp?prod_cd=c7307 |accessdate=2010-01-10 |title= New findings about climate change the media won't tell you about |publisher=National Review Book Service}}</ref> Will Happer, Professor of ] and Former Chairman of the University Research Board at ], also praised the book and wrote it "...provides important and honest information about climate change that is hard to find elsewhere."<ref>{{cite book | title=Climate of Extremes: Global Warming Science They Don't Want You to Know | publisher=Cato Institute| first=Patrick | last=Michaels | month=January | year=2009| isbn=978-1-933995-23-6 | authorlink=Patrick J. Michaels}}</ref>

==Funding from energy or fossil fuel companies==
On January 25, 2011, Rep. ] sent a letter to Rep. ] seeking to call in Michaels for questioning about his science and funding. In the letter, Waxman wrote that Pat Michaels testified before the Energy and Commerce Committee in February 2009 "that widely accepted scientific data had 'overestimated' global warming and that regulation enacted in response to that data could have 'a very counterproductive effect.' Among the scientists who testified before this Committee on the issue of climate change in the last Congress, ] was the only one to dismiss the need to act on climate change ... Dr. Michaels may have provided misleading information about the sources of his funding and his ties to industries opposed to regulation of emissions responsible for climate change."<ref>{{cite news | title=Rep. Waxman Presses for Inquiry on Global Warming Denier Pat Michaels | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kert-davies/rep-waxman-presses-for-in_b_813251.html | agency=] | date=25 January 2011 | accessdate=2009-10-13 | work=The Boston Globe | first=Kert | last=Davies}}</ref>

⚫ On July 27, 2006 ] reported that a Colorado energy cooperative, the Intermountain Rural Electric Association, had given Michaels $100,000.<ref>{{cite news | title=ABC News Reporting Cited As Evidence In Congressional Hearing On Global Warming | url=http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/print?id=2242565 | accessdate=2007-03-14 | first=Clayton | last=Sandell | coauthors=Bill Blakemore | date=July 27, 2006 | work=] }}</ref> An ] report said that the donations had been made after Michaels had "told Western business leaders ... that he was running out of money for his analyses of other scientists' global warming research" and noted that the cooperative had a vested interest in opposing mandatory carbon dioxide caps, a situation that raised conflict of interest concerns.<ref>{{cite news | title=Utilities Give Warming Skeptic Big Bucks | last=Borenstein | first=Seth | url=http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/articles/2006/07/27/utilities_paying_global_warming_skeptic/ | agency=] | date=26 July 2006 | accessdate=2009-10-13 | work=The Boston Globe}}</ref>


According to ], fossil fuel companies have helped fund Michaels' projects, including his ''World Climate Report'', published every year since 1994, and his "advocacy science consulting firm", New Hope Environmental Services.<ref name="Pearce">], ''The Climate Files: The Battle for the Truth about Global Warming'', (2010) ], ISBN 978-0-85265-229-9, p. X.</ref> According to ], fossil fuel companies have helped fund Michaels' projects, including his ''World Climate Report'', published every year since 1994, and his "advocacy science consulting firm", New Hope Environmental Services.<ref name="Pearce">], ''The Climate Files: The Battle for the Truth about Global Warming'', (2010) ], ISBN 978-0-85265-229-9, p. X.</ref>


== Selected publications == ==Selected publications==
⚫ Michaels is the author of several books including ''Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming'' (1992), ''The Satanic Gases'' (2000), and ''Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians, and the Media'' (2004) and is the co-author of ''Climate of Extremes: Global Warming Science They Don't Want You to Know'' (2009).<ref name=cato/>

Michaels is the author of several books including: ''Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming'' (1992), ''Satanic Gases'' (2002; as coauthor), ''Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians and the Media'' (2004), published by the ], and ''Shattered Consensus: The True State of Global Warming'' (2005; as editor and coauthor).


His writing has been published in major scientific journals, including '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', and '']'', as well as in popular serials such as the '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', and '']''.<ref name="Patrick J. Michaels"/> He was an author of the climate "paper of the year" awarded by the ] in 2004.<ref name="Patrick J. Michaels"/> His writing has been published in major scientific journals, including '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', and '']'', as well as in popular serials such as the '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', '']'', and '']''.<ref name=cato/> He was an author of the climate "paper of the year" awarded by the ] in 2004.<ref name=cato/>


=== Science papers === === Science papers ===
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| first4=J.B. | last4=Kerr | first4=J.B. | last4=Kerr
| first5=C.T. | last5=McElroy | first5=C.T. | last5=McElroy
| title=Analyzing ultraviolet-B radiation--is there a trend? | title=Analyzing ultraviolet-B radiation—is there a trend?
| journal=] | journal=]
| volume=264 | issue=5163 | pages=1341–1343 | year=1994 | volume=264 | issue=5163 | pages=1341–1343 | year=1994
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=== Books === === Books ===
* {{cite book | title=Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming | first=Patrick J. | last=Michaels | publisher=] | month=October | year=1992 | isbn=0-932790-89-5 | pages=196 }} * {{cite book | title=Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming | first= | last= | publisher=] | month=October | year=1992 | isbn=0-932790-89-5 | pages=196 }}
* {{cite book | title=The Satanic Gases | first=Patrick J. | last=Michaels | publisher=] | date=May 15, 2000 | isbn=1-882577-92-2 | pages=224 }} * {{cite book | title=The Satanic Gases | first= | last= | publisher=] | date=May 15, 2000 | isbn=1-882577-92-2 | pages=224 }}
* {{cite book | title=Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians, and the Media | first=Patrick J. | last=Michaels | publisher=] | date=October 25, 2005 | isbn=1-930865-79-1 | pages=280 }} * {{cite book | title=Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians, and the Media | first= | last= | publisher=] | date=October 25, 2005 | isbn=1-930865-79-1 | pages=280 }}
* {{cite book | title=Shattered Consensus: The True State of Global Warming | first=Patrick J. | last=Michaels | publisher=] | date=December 28, 2005 | isbn=0-7425-4923-2 | pages=304 }} * {{cite book | title=Shattered Consensus: The True State of Global Warming | first= | last= | publisher=] | date=December 28, 2005 | isbn=0-7425-4923-2 | pages=304 }}
* {{cite book | title=Climate of Extremes: Global Warming Science They Don't Want You to Know | first=Patrick J. | last=Michaels | publisher=] | date=January 25, 2009 | isbn=1-933995-23-8 | pages=250 }} * {{cite book | title=Climate of Extremes: Global Warming Science They Don't Want You to Know | first= | last= | publisher=] | date=January 25, 2009 | isbn=1-933995-23-8 | pages=250 }}
* {{cite book | title=Climate Coup: Global Warming's Invasion of Our Government and Our Lives | first=Patrick J. | last=Michaels | publisher=] | date=Forthcoming April 16, 2011 | isbn=1-935308-44-0 | pages=304 }} * {{cite book | title=Climate Coup: Global Warming's Invasion of Our Government and Our Lives | first= | last= | publisher=] | date=Forthcoming April 16, 2011 | isbn=1-935308-44-0 | pages=304 }}


==See also== ==See also==

Revision as of 18:47, 3 September 2012

Patrick J. Michaels
Born (1950-02-15) February 15, 1950 (age 74)
United States
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Chicago,
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Known forWork on global warming
Scientific career
FieldsClimatology, Ecology
InstitutionsUniversity of Wisconsin,
University of Virginia,
Cato Institute
ThesisAtmospheric anomalies and crop yields in North America (1979)
WebsitePatrick J. Michaels, Cato Institute

Patrick Joseph "Pat" Michaels (born February 15, 1950) is a climatologist and the director of the Center for the Study of Science at the Cato Institute. He was a research professor of environmental sciences at the University of Virginia for thirty years.

Education

Michaels received an A.B. in biological science in 1971 and an S.M. in biology in 1975 from the University of Chicago. He received a Ph.D. in ecological climatology in 1979 from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. His doctoral thesis was titled, Atmospheric anomalies and crop yields in North America.

Career

Michaels was a research and project assistant in the Center for Climatic Research at the University of Wisconsin from 1976 to 1979. After obtaining his Ph.D. he became an Assistant Professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia in 1980, advancing to Associate Professor in 1986 and finally Professor in 1996. Michaels was the Virginia State Climatologist from 1980 to 2007 and past president of the American Association of State Climatologists.

He has been a visiting scientist at the Marshall Institute and a senior fellow in environmental studies at the Cato Institute. Currently he is the director of the Center for the Study of Science at the Cato Institute.

Michaels was an adjunct professor and senior research fellow in the School of Public Policy at George Mason University.

He has been a member of the American Association of State Climatologists, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Association of American Geographers, the American Meteorological Society and Sigma Xi.

Views on climate change

He is one of the most widely quoted global warming skeptics and has described himself as a skeptic. He contends that the changes will be minor, not catastrophic, and may even be beneficial.

He has written extensive editorials on this topic for the mass media, and for think tanks and their publications such as Regulation.

cientists know quite precisely how much the planet will warm in the foreseeable future, a modest three-quarters of a degree (C)

All this has to do with basic physics, which isn't real hard to understand. It has been known since 1872 that as we emit more and more carbon dioxide into our atmosphere, each increment results in less and less warming. In other words, the first changes produce the most warming, and subsequent ones produce a bit less, and so on. But we also assume carbon dioxide continues to go into the atmosphere at an ever-increasing rate. In other words, the increase from year-to-year isn't constant, but itself is increasing. The effect of increasing the rate of carbon dioxide emissions, coupled with the fact that more and more carbon dioxide produces less and less warming compels our climate projections for the future warming to be pretty much a straight line. Translation: Once human beings start to warm the climate, they do so at a constant rate.

Michaels asks:

Why is the news on global warming always bad? Perhaps because there's little incentive to look at things the other way. If you do, you're liable to be pilloried by your colleagues. If global warming isn't such a threat, who needs all that funding?

Funding controversy

On CNN, Michaels responded to a question about private industry funding his research stating, "Well, you know, most of my funding, the vast majority, comes from taxpayer-supported entities. I would make the argument that if funding colors research, I should be certainly biased more towards the taxpayers, of which I am one, than towards industry."

ABC News reported that the Intermountain Rural Electric Association (IREA), a Colorado electric cooperative, contributed $100,000 to Michaels in February 2006. An Associated Press report said that the donations had been made after Michaels had "told Western business leaders ... that he was running out of money for his analyses of other scientists' global warming research" and noted that some viewed it as a conflict of interest, while others viewed it as "the type of lobbying that goes along with many divisive issues". Michaels is open about the money and sees no problem with it. He said the money will help pay his staff and stated, "Last I heard, anybody can ask a scientific question, It is a very spirited discussion that requires technical response and expertise."

According to Fred Pearce, fossil fuel companies have helped fund Michaels' projects, including his World Climate Report, published every year since 1994, and his "advocacy science consulting firm", New Hope Environmental Services.

Selected publications

Michaels is the author of several books including Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming (1992), The Satanic Gases (2000), and Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians, and the Media (2004) and is the co-author of Climate of Extremes: Global Warming Science They Don't Want You to Know (2009).

His writing has been published in major scientific journals, including Climate Research, Climatic Change, Geophysical Research Letters, Journal of Climate, Nature, and Science, as well as in popular serials such as the Washington Post, Washington Times, Los Angeles Times, USA Today, Houston Chronicle, and Journal of Commerce. He was an author of the climate "paper of the year" awarded by the Association of American Geographers in 2004.

Science papers

Books

See also

  • iconGlobal warming portal

    • References

    1. Schultz, James (February 19, 1996). "Earth Men: Michaels: When it comes to matters of global warming, scientist is on of the nation's leading contrarians". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved 2012-08-31.
    2. ^ "Patrick J. Michaels: Director, Center for the Study of Science". Cato Institute. Retrieved 2012-08-31.
    3. ^ "C.V. Patrick J. Michaels" (PDF). United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce. February 12, 2009. Retrieved 2012-08-31.
    4. Michaels, Patrick J. (1979). "Atmospheric anomalies and crop yields in North America". University of Wisconsin-Madison. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
    5. "SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY: PUBP 710-xxx - PUBLIC SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY" (PDF). George Mason University. 2010. Retrieved 2012-08-31.
    6. "Patrick J. Michaels: Senior Fellow in Environmental Studies". Cato Institute. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved 2012-08-31.
    7. Doughton, Sandi (11 October 2005). "The truth about global warming". The Seattle Times. Retrieved 2007-05-04.
    8. http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=6129
    9. ^ Michaels, Patrick (Fall 2000). "The Way of Warming" (PDF). 23 (3). Regulation. Retrieved 2007-03-14. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
    10. Michaels, Patrick (16 October 2003). "Posturing and reality on warming". Washington Times. Retrieved 2008-04-19.
    11. "Our Climate Numbers Are a Big Old Mess", Wall Street Journal, 4-18-08
    12. Michaels, Patrick (August 17, 2002). "Greenspan Declines to Cut Interest Rates; Politicians Try to Blame Each Other For Recession; Is Global Warming Just Bunk" (Interview). Retrieved 2012-09-01. {{cite interview}}: Unknown parameter |program= ignored (help)
    13. Clayton, Sandell (July 27, 2006). "ABC News Reporting Cited As Evidence In Congressional Hearing On Global Warming". ABC News. Retrieved 2007-03-14. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
    14. Borenstein, Seth (26 July 2006). "Utilities Give Warming Skeptic Big Bucks". The Boston Globe. Associated Press. Retrieved 2009-10-13.
    15. ^ "Funding a Global-Warming Skeptic". Wired. Associated Press. July 27, 2006. Retrieved 2012-09-01.
    16. Pearce, Fred, The Climate Files: The Battle for the Truth about Global Warming, (2010) Guardian Books, ISBN 978-0-85265-229-9, p. X.

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