Misplaced Pages

Revision as of 03:58, 23 July 2012

Part of a series on
2012 Summer Olympics
Bid process (bid details, legacy) Development (venues, torch relay, security) Marketing (mascots) Broadcasters Opening ceremony (flag bearers) Event calendar Chronological summary Medal table (medallists) World and Olympic records Concerns and controversies (minute of silence) Closing ceremony (flag bearers) Paralympics (medal table) IOC BOA LOCOG
v t e

The 2012 Summer Olympic Games, officially the Games of the XXX Olympiad, also known informally as London 2012, are scheduled to take place in London, United Kingdom, from 27 July (when the opening ceremony is held) until 12 August 2012, although the first event begins on 25 July.

Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and the then Mayor of London Ken Livingstone, London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore, defeating bids from Moscow, New York City, Madrid and Paris. London will become the first city to officially host the modern Olympic Games three times, having previously done so in 1908 and in 1948.

Construction in preparation for the Games has involved considerable redevelopment, particularly themed towards sustainability. The main focus of this is a new 200 hectare Olympic Park, constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford in the east of London. The Games also make use of many venues which were already in place before the bid.

Bidding process

By 15 July 2003, the deadline for interested cities to submit bids to the International Olympic Committee (IOC), nine cities had submitted bids to host the 2012 Olympics. These cities were Havana, Istanbul, Leipzig, London, Madrid, Moscow, New York City, Paris and Rio de Janeiro.

Since the United Kingdom hosted the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, three bids had been made for a British city to host the Summer Olympics - Birmingham for the 1992 Games and Manchester for the 1996 and 2000 Games. Preliminary planning for a possible London bid for the 2012 Olympics began in 1997. The United Kingdom had successfully hosted the UEFA Euro 1996 Championships and the 2002 Commonwealth Games, both of which satisfied the IOC that the United Kingdom as a whole could host large sporting events and generated impetus for the country to have a Golden Decade of sport - which included the 2012 Summer Olympics.

The Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, said his primary motivation for initiating and lobbying for the city's bid was to develop the East End of London, neglected for over thirty years. On 18 May 2004, the IOC, as a result of a scored technical evaluation, reduced the number of cities to five: London, Madrid, Moscow, New York and Paris.

All five cities submitted their candidate files by 19 November 2004, and were visited by the IOC inspection team during February and March 2005. The Paris bid suffered two setbacks during the IOC inspection visit: a number of strikes and demonstrations coinciding with the visits, and a report that one of the key members of the Paris bid team would face charges over alleged corrupt party political finances.

On 6 June 2005, the IOC released its evaluation reports for the five candidate cities. Although these reports did not contain any scores or rankings, the evaluation report for Paris was considered the most positive, followed closely by London, which had narrowed most of the gap observed by the initial evaluation in 2004 regarding Paris. New York and Madrid also received very positive evaluation reports.

Throughout the process, Paris was widely seen as the favourite to win the nomination, particularly as this was its third bid in recent history. Originally London was seen as lagging Paris by a considerable margin; however, the situation began to improve with the appointment of Sebastian Coe as new head of London 2012 on 19 May 2004. In late August 2004, reports predicted a London and Paris tie in the 2012 bid. In the final run-up to the 117th IOC Session, London and Paris appeared to be increasingly in a neck-and-neck race. On 1 July 2005, Jacques Rogge, when asked who the winner would be, told the assembled press: "I cannot predict it since I don't know how the IOC members will vote. But my gut feeling tells me that it will be very close. Perhaps it will come down to a difference of say ten votes, or maybe less".

On 6 July 2005, the final selection was announced at the 117th IOC Session in Singapore. Moscow was the first city to be eliminated, followed by New York and Madrid. The final two cities left in contention were London and Paris. At the end of the fourth round of voting, London won the right to host the 2012 Games with 54 votes, defeating Paris's 50. The celebrations in London were short-lived, being overshadowed by terrorist attacks on London's transport system less than 24 hours after the announcement.

2012 Summer Olympics bidding results
City	NOC	Round 1	Round 2	Round 3	Round 4
London	United Kingdom	22	27	39	54
Paris	France	21	25	33	50
Madrid	Spain	20	32	31	—
New York City	United States	19	16	—	—
Moscow	Russia	15	—	—	—

Development and preparation

Since the 2005 bid

The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games (LOCOG) was created to oversee the staging of the Games after the success of the bid, and held their first board meeting on 3 October 2005. The committee, chaired by Lord Coe, is in charge of implementing and staging the games, while the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) is in charge of the construction of the venues and infrastructure. In April 2006, the Olympic Delivery Authority board was established.

The Government Olympic Executive (GOE), a unit within the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), is the lead government body for coordinating the London 2012 Olympics. The GOE reports through the DCMS Permanent Secretary to the Minister for Sports and the Olympics. It focuses on oversight of the Games, cross-programme programme management and the London 2012 Olympic Legacy before and after the Games that will benefit London and the UK. The organisation is also responsible for the supervision of the £9.3 billion of public sector funding.

In August 2011, security concerns arose surrounding the hosting of the Olympic Games in London due to the 2011 England riots, with a few countries expressing fear over the safety of the Games, in spite of the International Olympic Committee's assurance that the riots will not affect the Games.

The IOC's Coordination Commission for the 2012 Games completed their tenth and final visit to London in March 2012. They concluded that "London is ready to host the world this summer".

Venues and infrastructure

The 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games will use a mixture of new venues, existing and historic facilities, and temporary facilities, some of them in well-known locations such as Hyde Park and Horse Guards Parade. Some of the new facilities will be reused in their Olympic form, while others will be resized or relocated.

The majority of venues have been divided into three zones within Greater London: the Olympic Zone, the River Zone and the Central Zone. In addition to these are those venues that, by necessity, are outside the boundaries of Greater London, such as the Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, which will host the sailing events, some 125 miles (200 km) southwest of London. The football tournament will be staged at several grounds around the UK. Work began on the Park in December 2006, when a sports hall in Eton Manor was pulled down. The athletes' village in Portland was completed in September 2011.

In November 2004 the 500-acre Olympic Park plans were revealed. The plans for the site were approved in September 2004 by Tower Hamlets, Newham, Hackney and Waltham Forest. The redevelopment of the area to build the Olympic Park required compulsory purchase orders of property. The London Development Agency was in dispute with London and Continental Railways about the orders in November 2005. The LCR accused the LDA of killing off development in the area. The LDA planned to buy land alongside the Olympic Park for the Stratford City development project, bringing the 180-acre site of the former Stratford Rail Lands into a mixed-use development, including 4,500 new homes, office space, hotels and shops. This resulted in 2011 with the completion of the largest urban shopping centre in Europe being operated by Westfield. By May 2006, 86% of the land had been bought as businesses fought eviction; this led to an enquiry being set up. 206 companies had to relocate by July 2007. In addition, residents who opposed the eviction tried to find way to stop it by setting up campaigns. However they had to leave as 94% of land was bought and the other 6% bought as a £9 billion regeneration project started.

However, there were some issues with the original venues not being challenging enough or being financially unviable. For example, the road racing at the Olympic Games was originally scheduled to take place in Regent's Park and on Hampstead Heath. Instead the Olympic road races will start and finish on The Mall in central London, extend into Surrey to the south and include loops around Box Hill. The Olympic mountain bike event will take place at Hadleigh Farm after the event was moved from Weald Country Park, after the UCI labelled the course at the park "too easy" in July 2008. A location in Kent was also considered.

The Olympic marathon course, which was set to finish in the Olympic stadium, was moved to The Mall. The idea angered some members of the local community, who said they had been left out of the Olympics as no events would take place in the boroughs. The change was made as closing Tower Bridge would cause gridlock in central London. North Greenwich Arena 2 was scrapped in a cost-cutting exercise, Wembley Arena being used for badminton and rhythmic gymnastics events instead.

Public transport

London's public transport was an element of the bid which was scored poorly in the IOC's initial evaluation; however, they felt that if the improvements were delivered in time for the Games then London would cope. Transport for London (TfL) carried out numerous improvements in preparation for 2012, including the expansion of the London Overground's East London Line, upgrades to the Docklands Light Railway and the North London Line, and the introduction of a new "Javelin" high-speed rail service, using the Hitachi Corporation's "bullet" trains. The platforms at Stratford International station (which are at a height designed for Eurostar trains) will be temporarily raised to accommodate the Javelin trains. According to Network Rail, an additional 4,000 train services will run during the Games, and train operators will put on longer trains during the day.

TfL has also built a £25 million cable car across the River Thames, the Emirates Air Line, to link 2012 Olympics venues. It was inaugurated in June 2012 and crosses the Thames between Greenwich Peninsula and the Royal Docks, carrying up to 2,500 passengers an hour at a heights above 50 metres in the air. It is designed to cut journey times between the O2 arena and the ExCel exhibition centre – both of which are Olympic locations. The system could provide a crossing every 30 seconds.

The plan is to have 80% of athletes travel less than 20 minutes to their event and to have 93% of athletes within 30 minutes of their event. The Olympic Park would be served by ten separate railway lines with a combined capacity of 240,000 passengers per hour. In addition, the LOCOG planned for 90% of the venues to be served by three or more types of public transport. Two park-and-ride sites were off the M25 with a combined capacity of 12,000 cars 25 minutes away from the Olympic Park. Another park-and-ride site was planned in Ebbsfleet which would have capacity for 9,000 cars where spectators could board a 10-minute shuttle bus. To get spectators to Eton Dorney, four park-and-ride schemes were set up. Spectators would be dropped off at Windsor Racecourse with a bridge going over the Thames linking the racecourse to the rowing venue.

Some lanes on some roads in London will be dedicated to athletes, officials and VIPs.

Concerns have been expressed at the logistics of spectators travelling to the events outside London. In particular, the sailing events at Portland are in an area without direct motorway connections, and with local roads that are heavily congested by tourist traffic in the summer. However, the Weymouth area did undergo a major upgrade to its road infrastructure. A £77 million relief road connecting Weymouth to Dorchester was built and opened in 2011. Some £16 million was put aside for the rest of the improvements. In addition the plans removed five roundabouts to ease congestion and replaced them with traffic lights. But some residents were unhappy that the roundabouts were removed.

FirstGroup will provide the venue shuttle and park-and-ride services, services connecting peripheral park-and-ride sites on the M25 with the Olympic Park and Ebbsfleet, and a nationwide network of express coaches to the Olympic Park and the Weymouth and Portland sailing venue. The services will require around 900 vehicles in total, although some will be sub-contracted.

Financing

The costs of mounting the Games are separate from those for building the venues and infrastructure, and redeveloping the land for the Olympic Park. While the Games are privately funded, the venues and Park costs are met largely by public money.

The original budget for the games was £2.4 billion, but this was increased almost fourfold to about £9.3 billion in 2007. The revised figures were announced to the House of Commons on 15 March 2007 by Tessa Jowell. Along with East End regeneration costs, the breakdown was:

Partners

To help fund the cost of staging the games the London Olympic organisers have agreed partnership deals with major companies. The companies have signed up into four categories; worldwide, tier one, tier two and tier three.

Volunteers

Unpaid volunteers known as Games Makers will perform a variety of tasks before and during the Games. A target of 70,000 volunteers was set as early as 2004. When recruitment took place in 2010, over 240,000 applications were received. Sebastian Coe said in February 2012, "Our Games Makers will contribute a total of around eight million volunteer hours during the Games and the Games simply wouldn't happen without them".

Ticketing

Organisers estimated that some 8 million tickets would be available for the Olympic Games, and 1.5 million tickets for the Paralympic Games. It is estimated that 82% of available Olympic tickets and 63% of Paralympic tickets will be sold. LOCOG aims to raise £375–£400 million in ticket sales. There will also be free events: for example, the marathon, triathlon and road cycling, although, for the first time in Olympic history, the sailing events will be ticketed. Tickets for the London Prepares series, the Olympic test events, started to go on sale in May 2011. To reduce congestion, ticket holders are entitled to free use of London's public transport network on the day of the event.

Following IOC rules, people applied for tickets from the NOC of their country of residence. European Union residents were able to apply for tickets in any EU country.

In Great Britain, ticket prices range from £20 for many events to £2,012 for the most expensive seats at the opening ceremony. Free tickets were given to military personnel, and children were invited to win tickets. Free tickets were also given to the survivors and families of those who died during 7 July 2005 London bombings. Initially, people were able to apply for tickets via a website from 15 March 2011 until 26 April 2011. There was a huge demand for tickets, with 1.8 million people applying for 20 million tickets – three times the 6.6 million tickets available in the first round lot, with 95% of the applications from Great Britain. More than 50% of the sessions went to a random ballot. Over half the people who applied got no tickets, and the process was widely criticised, one consumer group questioning the point of taking money out of people's bank accounts before they knew which tickets they had successfully purchased, and triple Olympic Champion Bradley Wiggins labelling the process a shambles. However, Lord Coe and the LOCOG insisted that the process was fair, and that there was no perfect system.

On 11 May 2012 a round of nearly one million "second chance" tickets went on sale. There was a second round of ticket sales for events that failed to sell out in the initial allocation. This took place over a 10-day period between 23 June and 3 July 2011, with priority given to those who were unsuccessful in the first allocation process. At this point there were about 1.7 million tickets for football and 600,000 for other sports, including archery, hockey, football, judo, boxing and volleyball, among other sports with 1.5 million tickets priced between £20 and £50. Because so many people were buying tickets and because the Ticketmaster website did not update immediately, 15,000 had their application rejected, but 90% of people did get some tickets; some events sold out in 15 minutes, and by 8 am, ten sports had sold out. People who were successful in the first round of tickets were allowed to buy more during the period 8–17 July 2011. By this point 1.5 million tickets were available for football, 40,000 for volleyball and 8,000 for freestyle wrestling on a first-come-first-served basis. However, by 10 July all the tickets for volleyball had been sold, as 3.5 million tickets had been sold in total.

In Russia people bought "Olympic vouchers" which one would have to redeem in London during July and August 2012, with people making their own accommodation and travel arrangements. In Brazil, the ticket website and payment system did not work properly for the first three and a half days. The British government was also asked to explain why it bought 9,000 tickets.

Countdown

During the closing ceremony of the 2008 Olympics, the Olympic Flag was formally handed over from the Mayor of Beijing to the Mayor of London. This was followed by a section highlighting London, One month later, the Olympic and Paralympic flags were raised outside the London City Hall

A countdown clock in Trafalgar Square was unveiled, 500 days before the games. The clock broke down the following day. The same location hosted one of a number of events to mark a year before the games. Final countdown to the start of this year's summer games in London has begun with the ceremony of lighting of Olympic flame in Ancient Olympia in Greece.

Security

The security operation is led by the police, with 10,000 officers available, supported by 13,500 members of the armed forces. Naval and air assets, including ships situated in the Thames, Eurofighter jets and surface-to-air missiles, will be deployed as part of the security operation. The cost of security has also increased from £282 million to £553 million. This will be the biggest security operation Britain has faced for decades. The figure of 13,500 armed forces personnel is more than Britain currently has deployed in Afghanistan. The Metropolitan Police and the Royal Marines carried out security exercises in preparation for the Olympics on 19 January 2012, with 50 marine police officers in rigid inflatables and fast response boats, joined by up to 100 military personnel and a Lynx Navy helicopter.

The Ministry of Defence distributed leaflets to residents of the Lexington building in Bow, announcing that a missile system was to be stationed on top of the water tower. This caused concern to some residents. The Ministry said it probably would use Starstreak missiles and that site evaluations had taken place, but that no final decision had taken place.

It emerged in July 2012 that G4S, the firm responsible for supplying security staff for the Olympics, had been unable to recruit enough, so the shortfall would have to be made up by 3500 UK military servicepeople. There were also media reports that G4S had failed to respond to people applying for jobs as security staff, that recruits were inadequately trained, that some were teenagers, and that some could not speak English well enough.

Logo

There have been two London 2012 logos: one for the bidding process created by Kino Design and a second as the brand for the Games themselves. The former is a ribbon with blue, yellow, black, green and red stripes winding through the text "LONDON 2012," making the shape of the River Thames in East London. The latter, designed by Wolff Olins, was unveiled on 4 June 2007 and cost £400,000. This new logo is a representation of the number 2012, with the Olympic Rings embedded within the zero.

This will be the first time that the same essential logo is to be used for both the Olympic and Paralympic games.

The standard colours are green, magenta, orange and blue; however, the logo has incorporated a variety of colours, including the Union Flag to promote the handover ceremony. The flexibility of the logo has enabled sponsors to incorporate their corporate colours into a personalised version, such as Lloyds TSB, British Airways and Adidas.

London 2012 has stated that the new logo is aimed at reaching young people. Sebastian Coe stated that it builds upon everything that the organising committee has said "about reaching out and engaging young people, which is where our challenge is over the next five years." One observer, a managing director of an advertising agency, noted that the logo bore a strong resemblance to the logo for the 1974–1982 children's television programme Tiswas, commenting that appealing to young people is difficult, and that they will see right through attempts to patronise them.

Early public reaction to the logo, as measured by a poll on the BBC website, was largely negative: more than 80% of votes gave the logo the lowest possible rating. Several newspapers have run their own logo competitions, displaying alternative submissions from their readers. The Sun displayed a design by a macaque monkey. It was suggested that the logo resembles the cartoon character Lisa Simpson performing fellatio and others have complained that it looks like a distorted swastika. In February 2011, Iran complained that the logo appeared to spell out the word "Zion" and threatened to boycott the Olympics. Iran submitted its complaint to the International Olympic Committee, describing the logo as racist, asking that it be withdrawn and the designers be confronted. The IOC quietly rejected the demands, and Iran announced it would not boycott the Games.

A segment of animated footage released at the same time as the logo was reported to trigger seizures in a small number of people with photosensitive epilepsy. The charity Epilepsy Action received telephone calls from people who claimed to have had seizures after watching the sequence on TV. In response, a short segment was removed from the London 2012 website. Ken Livingstone, then London Mayor, said that the company who designed the film should not be paid for what he called a "catastrophic mistake."

Claire Stocks, a blogger for the BBC, said that "London 2012's new logo has got the country talking not in the manner the organisers would have hoped." Brian Bedell, an employee of Chicago-based design firm Coudal Partners, described it as "well thought out" and anticipated it would "become a source of pride for London and the Games."

Mascots

The official mascots for the 2012 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games were unveiled on 19 May 2010; this marks the second time (after Vancouver) that both Olympic and Paralympic mascots were unveiled at the same time. Wenlock and Mandeville are animations depicting two drops of steel from a steelworks in Bolton. They are named Wenlock, after the Shropshire town of Much Wenlock, which held a forerunner of the current Olympic Games, and Mandeville, after Stoke Mandeville, a village in Buckinghamshire where a forerunner to the Paralympic Games were first held. The writer Michael Morpurgo wrote the story concept to the mascots, and an animation was produced; it is intended that this will form part of an ongoing series concerning the mascots in the run-up to the Games in 2012. Two stories have been created about the mascots: Out Of A Rainbow, the story of how Wenlock and Mandeville came to be, and Adventures On A Rainbow, which features the children from Out Of A Rainbow meeting the mascots and trying out many different Olympic and Paralympic sports.

Medals

Approximately 4,700 Olympic and Paralympic medals have been produced by the Royal Mint. They were designed by David Watkins (Olympics) and Lin Cheung (Paralympics). Each medal weighs 375–400g, has a diameter of 85mm and is 7mm thick, with the sport and discipline engraved on the rim. The obverse, as is traditional, features Nike, the Greek goddess of victory, stepping from the Parthenon; the reverse features the Games logo, the River Thames and a series of lines representing "the energy of athletes and a sense of pulling together". The medals were transferred to the Tower of London vaults on 2 July 2012 for storage.

Test events

Many test events will be held throughout 2011 and 2012, either through an existing championship such as 2012 Wimbledon Championships or as a specially created event held under the banner of London Prepares. Some events are closed to the public, others are ticketed. Basketball and BMX were the first events to be tested within the Olympic Park.

Torch relay

The Olympics torch relay runs from 19 May to 27 July 2012, before the games. Plans for the relay were developed in 2010–11, with the torch-bearer selection process announced on 18 May 2011. The Olympic Flame arrived on flight BA2012 on 18 May 2012 from Greece. The relay will last 70 days, with 66 evening celebrations and six island visits, involving about 8,000 people carrying the torch a distance of about 8,000 miles (12,800 km), starting from Land's End in Cornwall. The torch had one day outside of the United Kingdom when it visited Dublin on 6 June. The relay is focusing on National Heritage Sites, locations and venues with sporting significance, key sporting events, schools registered with the Get Set School Network, green spaces and biodiversity, Live Sites (city locations with large screens), festivals and other events.

Opening ceremony

The Opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics will be held on 27 July 2012 and be called "The Isles of Wonder". Oscar-winning director Danny Boyle will be the artistic director for the opening ceremony and the music directors will be Rick Smith and Karl Hyde of the electronic music duo Underworld.

The games will be officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. A short film starring Daniel Craig as secret agent James Bond will be screened during the television coverage of the ceremony. Sir Paul McCartney has announced he will perform at the end of the ceremony.

Closing ceremony

The closing ceremony of the London 2012 Summer Olympics will start on 12 August 2012. The ceremony will include a handover by Boris Johnson, Mayor of London, to Eduardo Paes, Mayor of Rio de Janeiro, the host city of 2016 Summer Olympics.

The Games

Participants

Over 10,000 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) are expected to participate, surpassing the 1948 Summer Olympics in London and the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester as the largest multi-sport event ever to be held in the United Kingdom.

The Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee, which had planned to continue functioning after the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, had its membership withdrawn by the IOC Executive Committee at the IOC session of June 2011. However, Dutch Antillean athletes who qualify for the 2012 Olympics will be allowed to participate independently under the Olympic flag. As South Sudan has no recognized NOC, South Sudanese track and field athlete Guor Marial will also be participating independently in the Games.

There were initial concerns about Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Brunei not sending any female athletes to the games: nevertheless, the Saudi team eventually sent two women.

Template:Multicol

•  Afghanistan (6)
•  Albania (11)
•  Algeria (39)
•  American Samoa (5)
•  Andorra (6)
•  Angola (34)
•  Antigua and Barbuda (5)
•  Argentina (137)
•  Armenia (25)
•  Aruba (4)
•  Australia (410)
•  Austria (70)
•  Azerbaijan (53)
•  Bahamas (23)
•  Bahrain (14)
•  Bangladesh (5)
•  Barbados (6)
•  Belarus (166)
•  Belgium (115)
•  Belize (3)
•  Benin (5)
•  Bermuda (8)
•  Bhutan (2)
•  Bolivia (5)
•  Bosnia and Herzegovina (6)
•  Botswana (4)
•  Brazil (259)
•  British Virgin Islands (2)
•  Brunei (3)
•  Bulgaria (63)
•  Burkina Faso (5)
•  Burundi (6)
•  Cambodia (6)
•  Cameroon (33)
•  Canada (281)
•  Cape Verde (3)
•  Cayman Islands (5)
•  Central African Republic (6)
•  Chad (3)
•  Chile (35)
•  China (380)
•  Colombia (104)
•  Comoros (3)
•  Republic of the Congo (7)
•  Democratic Republic of the Congo (4)
•  Cook Islands (8)
•  Costa Rica (11)
•  Ivory Coast (10)
•  Croatia (108)
•  Cuba (110)
•  Cyprus (13)
•  Czech Republic (133)
•  Denmark (113)
•  Djibouti (6)
•  Dominica (2)
•  Dominican Republic (35)
•  Ecuador (36)
•  Egypt (113)
•  El Salvador (10)
•  Equatorial Guinea (2)
•  Eritrea (12)
•  Estonia (33)
•  Ethiopia (35)
•  Fiji (9)
•  Finland (55)
•  France (331)
•  Gabon (24)
•  The Gambia (2)

| class="col-break " |

•  Georgia (35)
•  Germany (392)
•  Ghana (9)
•  Great Britain (542) (host)
•  Greece (105)
•  Grenada (10)
•  Guam (8)
•  Guatemala (19)
•  Guinea (4)
•  Guinea-Bissau (4)
•  Guyana (6)
•  Haiti (5)
•  Honduras (27)
•  Hong Kong (42)
•  Hungary (158)
•  Iceland (27)
•  Independent Olympic Participants (4)
•  India (81)
•  Indonesia (22)
•  Iran (53)
•  Iraq (8)
•  Ireland (65)
•  Israel (37)
•  Italy (284)
•  Jamaica (49)
•  Japan (293)
•  Jordan (9)
•  Kazakhstan (114)
•  Kenya (47)
•  Kiribati (3)
•  North Korea (51)
•  South Korea (245)
•  Kuwait (11)
•  Kyrgyzstan (14)
•  Laos (3)
•  Latvia (46)
•  Lebanon (10)
•  Lesotho (4)
•  Liberia (4)
•  Libya (5)
•  Liechtenstein (3)
•  Lithuania (62)
•  Luxembourg (9)
•  Macedonia (4)
•  Madagascar (7)
•  Malawi (3)
•  Malaysia (30)
•  Maldives (5)
•  Mali (6)
•  Malta (5)
•  Marshall Islands (4)
•  Mauritania (2)
•  Mauritius (11)
•  Mexico (102)
•  Federated States of Micronesia (6)
•  Moldova (22)
•  Monaco (6)
•  Mongolia (29)
•  Montenegro (33)
•  Morocco (68)
•  Mozambique (6)
•  Myanmar (6)
•  Namibia (9)
•  Nauru (2)
•  Nepal (5)
•  Netherlands (178)
•  New Zealand (184)
•  Nicaragua (6)
•  Niger (6)

| class="col-break " |

•  Nigeria (55)
•  Norway (64)
•  Oman (4)
•  Pakistan (21)
•  Palau (5)
•  Palestine (5)
•  Panama (7)
•  Papua New Guinea (8)
•  Paraguay (8)
•  Peru (16)
•  Philippines (11)
•  Poland (217)
•  Portugal (75)
•  Puerto Rico (24)
•  Qatar (12)
•  Romania (103)
•  Russia (436)
•  Rwanda (7)
•  Saint Kitts and Nevis (7)
•  Saint Lucia (4)
•  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (3)
•  Samoa (8)
•  San Marino (4)
•  São Tomé and Príncipe (2)
•  Saudi Arabia (19)
•  Senegal (31)
•  Serbia (115)
•  Seychelles (6)
•  Sierra Leone (2)
•  Singapore (23)
•  Slovakia (46)
•  Slovenia (65)
•  Solomon Islands (4)
•  Somalia (2)
•  South Africa (125)
•  Spain (283)
•  Sri Lanka (7)
•  Sudan (6)
•  Suriname (5)
•  Swaziland (3)
•  Sweden (134)
•  Switzerland (102)
•  Syria (10)
•  Chinese Taipei (44)
•  Tajikistan (16)
•  Tanzania (7)
•  Thailand (37)
•  Timor-Leste (2)
•  Togo (6)
•  Tonga (3)
•  Trinidad and Tobago (31)
•  Tunisia (83)
•  Turkey (114)
•  Turkmenistan (10)
•  Tuvalu (3)
•  Uganda (16)
•  Ukraine (238)
•  United Arab Emirates (26)
•  United States (530)
•  Uruguay (29)
•  Uzbekistan (54)
•  Vanuatu (5)
•  Venezuela (70)
•  Vietnam (18)
•  Virgin Islands (7)
•  Yemen (4)
•  Zambia (8)
•  Zimbabwe (7)

|}

Sports

The 2012 Summer Olympic programme features 26 sports and a total of 39 disciplines:

For the first time, women's boxing is included in the programme, with 36 athletes competing in three different weight classes. There is a special dispensation to allow the various shooting events to go ahead, which would otherwise be illegal under UK gun law. In Tennis, mixed doubles returns to the Olympic programme for the first time since 1924

London's bid featured 28 sports, in line with other recent Summer Olympics, but the IOC voted to drop baseball and softball from the 2012 Games two days after it selected London as the host city. The IOC reinforced its decision to drop both sports during the 2006 Winter Olympics, after they lost votes for reconsideration, and were last scheduled for a Games at the 2008 Olympics. Following the decision to drop the two sports, the IOC held a vote on whether or not to replace them. The sports considered were karate, squash, golf, roller sports and rugby sevens. Karate and squash were the two final nominees, but neither received enough votes to reach the required two-thirds majority.

Even though formal demonstration sports were eliminated following the 1992 Summer Olympics, special tournaments for non-Olympic sports can be run during the games, such as the Wushu tournament at the 2008 Summer Olympics. There were attempts to run Twenty20 cricket, and Netball tournaments parallel with the 2012 games, but neither campaign was successful.

Calendar

The final official schedule was released on 15 February 2011. Template:2012 Summer Olympics calendar

Broadcasting

The London 2012 Olympic Games will be the tenth Olympic Games (counting both Summer and Winter Games) where Panasonic's digital technologies will be used as the official recording format, dating since the Barcelona 1992 Olympic Games. The official international video will be produced and distributed from the International Broadcast Centre (IBC) in London Olympic Park, in 1080/50i High-Definition (HD) format. Panasonic announced that DVCPRO HD will be the official recording format for capturing the Games. Olympic Broadcasting Services London (OBSL), the Host Broadcaster, will use P2 HD series equipment to support the broadcast of the competition. The cameras that will be used are the AG-HPX250, the company’s first P2 HD handheld camcorder with AVC-Intra recording and two new AVCCAM HD handheld camcorders, the AG-AC160 and AG-AC130, with Full HD imagers and a new, wider 21X HD zoom lens.

According to the IOC's claim to providing over-the-air television coverage to as broad a worldwide audience as possible, London 2012 is scheduled to be broadcast by a number of regional broadcasters. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is the host broadcaster for the Olympics and Channel 4 the host broadcaster for the Paralympics. The BBC aims to broadcast by various channels all 5,000 hours of the Olympic Games. Much of the actual broadcasting is originated by the Olympic Broadcasting Services (OBS). The United States television rights currently owned by NBC account for over half the rights revenue for the IOC. Many television broadcasters granted rights to the games have bureaux and studios in London, but since at least the 1988 Olympic Winter Games in Calgary, rights-holder operations are hosted in the dedicated International Broadcast Centre (IBC). London's IBC is planned to be inside the security cordon of the Olympic Park.

YouTube will live stream the games to countries all over the world as part of an IOC deal, which will also be viewable on YouTube's mobile and Xbox Live applications.

The EBU will broadcast the Games live on Eurovision Sports, a website where people can watch their country's own broadcast when they are not in it (for example, a Dutchman can't watch his own broadcast on the website if he is in the Netherlands) or they can watch one of the twelve different live feeds in HD.

Environmental policy

The Olympic Park will incorporate 45 hectares of wildlife habitat, with a total of 525 bird boxes, and 150 bat boxes. Local waterways and riverbanks are to be enhanced as part of the process.

Renewable energy will also feature at the Olympics. It was originally planned to provide 20% of the energy for the Olympic Park and Village from renewable technologies; however, this may now be as little as 9%. Proposals to meet the original target included large-scale on-site wind turbines and hydroelectric generators in the River Thames. However, these plans were scrapped for safety reasons. The focus has since moved to installing solar panels on some buildings, and providing the opportunity to recover energy from waste.

Food packaging at the Olympics will be made from compostable materials – like starch and cellulose-based bioplastics – where it cannot be re-used or re-cycled. This will include fast food wrappers, sandwich boxes and drink cartons. After they have been used many of these materials will be suitable for anaerobic digestion (AD), allowing them to be made into renewable energy.

Tourism and the 2012 Games

The 2012 Games park near Stratford is attracting new tourists to the area. The upgraded Greenway cycle and walking path provides an ideal viewing point for the park while the site remains closed to the public.

In 2011, a new initiative to bring tourists and visitors into the area will involve a public waterbus "hop-on hop-off" route, from Limehouse Basin to waterways near the Olympic Park.

Cultural Olympiad

The Olympic Charter, the set of rules and guidelines for the organization of the Olympic Games and for governing the Olympic Movement, states that

"The OCOG shall organise a programme of cultural events which must cover at least the entire period during which the Olympic Village is open."

The Cultural Olympiad comprises many programs with over 500 events spread over four years over the whole of the United Kingdom, and culminating in the London 2012 Festival.

Marketing

Merchandise

On 21 July 2009 the LOCOG announced that Hornby had won the license to develop and market a range associated with the Games. The license allowed the company to sell products across its Corgi, Hornby, Scalextric and Airfix brands. Airfix will have model kits for all of the main venues, including a 1:500 scale Olympic Stadium. The centre-piece of the Scalextric collection will be a cycling Velodrome set. The collection was launched by British cyclist Lizzie Armitstead in Hamleys toy store in June 2011. In March 2011 the LOCOG commissioned and published a series of training guides. The merchandise was sold online and in five shops known as "The London 2012 Shop" in London Heathrow Airport, London Stansted Airport, St Pancras International Station, Paddington Station and in John Lewis on Oxford Street. In addition Adidas sold its London 2012 range in its flagship store on Oxford Street and selected Next stores sold their 2012 range. Sainsburys as official sponsors of the Paralympics also sold merchandise within their stores.

Official song

"Survival", a single released by the English band Muse, will be the official song of the Olympics. It will be broadcast when the athletes enter the stadium and in the period before medal ceremonies; international broadcasters will also be playing it while reporting on the Games.

Stamps

In August 2009 the Royal Mail commissoned artists and illustrators to create 30 stamps which were released in batches of 10 during 2009 to 2011. The 30 stamps symbolise that the Games take place during the 30th Olympiad. Each stamp featured an Olympic or Paralympic sport and in addition carried the London 2012 logo. The Royal Mail had initially approached photographers to be included as well but this was abandoned as the photos would have to be of dead people as the only living person allowed to feature on stamps in the United Kingdom is the Queen. Stamps with an Olympic theme go back to the very first games in Athens in 1890 when the organisers commissioned the sale of stamps in order to balance the books and construct the last four venues. When London first held the Games in 1908 no stamps were commissioned. That occasion and 1912 are the only times when stamps were not issued. When London last held the Games in 1948, just four stamps were issued. On 22 July 2011 the last of the 30 stamps were released.

Coins

Two £5 coins have been made to mark London 2012 Olympics. Saiman Miah, a British Bangladeshi architecture student has designed the coins. As with other Olympics since 1952, the Royal Mint will strike a set of commemorative one-kilogram gold and silver coins. The striking of such large coins necessitated a new Act of Parliament, the Coinage (Measurement) Act 2011.

Chariots of Fire

The 1981 Best Picture Oscar-winning film Chariots of Fire, which depicts Britain's athletics successes in the 1924 Olympics, is also a recurring theme in promotions for the 2012 London Olympics. The film's theme tune was featured at the opening of the 2012 London New Year's fireworks celebrating the Olympics, and the film's iconic beach-running scene and theme tune are utilized in The Sun's "Let's Make It Great, Britain" Olympic ads. The five thousand runners who first tested the new Olympic Park were also spurred on by the Chariots of Fire theme tune.

As an official part of the London 2012 Festival celebrations, a new digitally re-mastered version of Chariots of Fire will screen in over 100 cinemas throughout the UK. The re-release will begin 13 July 2012, two weeks before the Olympic opening ceremony. A 2012 stage adaptation of the same title also coincides with the Olympics, opening 9 May at London's Hampstead Theatre and transferring to the West End on 23 June.

Controversies

In addition to the budget, ticketing, security and logo, the games produced several other controversies:

Sponsorship issues

Brand protection

The protection of the Olympic brand has been the subject of some criticism. The Olympic rings themselves are protected under the Olympic Symbol etc. (Protection) Act 1995, and under provisions set out by the London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006, LOCOG are empowered to prevent the misuse of Olympic branding leading up to the 2012 games. The acts aim to prevent unauthorised commercial association with the games by traders (such as using the Olympic rings in a shop window) and to prevent attempts at ambush marketing at games events, but the constraints detailed in the guidelines issued by LOCOG have been criticised by come commentators as a form of censorship.

The guidelines specify a range of trademarked logos and designs as well as certain "Listed Expressions" and "protected words" that advertisers may not use, which include the words "London" and "2012". Even if an advertiser does not mention the Olympics or use any of the listed words, any visual or audio respresentation of London and sports may be considered by a court to be an infringement of LOCOG's rights and subject to a fine of £20,000 or possible imprisonment. A number of individuals and businesses have fallen foul of the restrictions including a lingerie shop in Leicester, a grandmother knitting for charity and a Plymouth café selling Olympic torch baguettes.

In an interview with BBC journalist Evan Davis, Lord Coe emphasised the need to protect the rights of official sponsors who had contributed large amounts of money to the Games. His suggestion that visitors to the London games would not be admitted if they were wearing a Pepsi-branded T-shirt was later retracted by LOCOG, who stated that such rules would apply only to large groups of spectators wearing "visibly branded" clothing.

Unhealthy food and drink

There has been criticism that companies that produce 'junk food' or otherwise unhealthy food and drink - notably McDonalds, Coca-Cola, Cadbury and Heineken - are major sponsors of the Olympics, in conflict with the Olympics' ideal of healthiness. Criticism has also focused on the exclusive rights some sponsors, like McDonalds, hold to serve food at the event. Critics have included the Chief Medical Officer of Wales, Dr Tony Jewell, and the head of sports science of the GB Team. The London Assembly passed a motion calling for a ban on junk-food sponsors.

The sponsors were defended on the grounds that they provide a significant income for the event. Jacques Rogge, President of the IOC, acknowledged concerns but noted the importance of sponsorship money and said that the issue of obesity had been raised with such sponsors. McDonalds and Coca-Cola also defended their involvement.

Dow Chemical's sponsorship

The IOC and LOCOG have drawn criticism for accepting Dow Chemical Company as a partner for the London Games. Human Rights activists have been campaigning to get Dow Chemicals to clean up the contamination in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, where gas leak at a Union Carbide plant in 1984 killed 2,259 people. In an email response in March 2012, LOCOG refused to withdraw Dow as a sponsor and stated "Dow is an industry leader in terms of operating with the highest standards of ethics and sustainability... has received several awards and accolades in this regard over the last few years." Dow said it was surprised by the controversy because Dow never had a plant in Bhopal, and did not acquire any of the connection with Bhopal. Dow acquired Union Carbide in 2001, 12 years after Union Carbide had settled with the Government of India and Bhopal victims.

Housing

In February 2012, the housing charity Shelter alleged reports of landlords in east London raising rents or writing clauses into new rental contracts so tenants must be away during the Olympics, but as of 2 February 2012 the Department of Communities and Local Government said it had no evidence of the practice. However, an 8 May news report by the BBC noted that Shelter had seen "more evidence of landlords acting unscrupulously and evicting people illegally. One estate agent said properties typically rented for £350 per week were being marketed for £6,000 per week." The BBC report noted that, "The potential profits are leading to some private landlords telling their tenants they have to leave their homes, with little notice."

Campaign to ban Prince Nasser of Bahrain

In June 2012, the Berlin-based European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR) urged British authorities to ban the president of the Bahrain Olympic Committee, Nasser bin Hamad Al Khalifa from entering the UK during the games. Prince Nasser, son of Bahrain's King Hamad and the commander of the Royal Guard has been accused of torture and human rights violations during the 2011-2012 Bahraini uprising. The ECCHR claimed that Prince Nasser launched "a punitive campaign to repress Bahraini athletes who had demonstrated their support (for) the peaceful pro-democracy movement". It said that, following his directive, "more than 150 professional athletes, coaches and referees were subjected to arbitrary arrests, night raids, detention, abuse and torture by electric cables and other means". The call to ban Prince Nasser from entering the UK was supported by global activist group Avaaz, and British Member of Parliament George Galloway, who warned that he would attempt to make a citizen's arrest of the prince if he comes to London.

IOC policy regarding social media

The IOC has drawn criticism from Sweden and Denmark for its social media guidelines, which, those commentators argue, appear to infringe athletes' right to free speech. The guidelines prohibit athletes from commenting on other participants, from posting pictures of other athletes without their permission, from promoting their own sponsors, and from using the Olympic rings. The IOC has also created a website intended to allow the reporting of suspected breaches of the guidelines.

Argentine Olympic advert

On 2 May 2012, the 30th anniversary of the sinking of the Argentine ship General Belgrano, Argentina released an advertising film depicting the captain of Argentina's hockey team, Fernando Zylberberg, training in Port Stanley, Falkland Islands, under the slogan "To compete on British soil, we train on Argentine soil." The film was criticised by the UK Defence Secretary, Philip Hammond, as "tasteless", while the IOC denounced the ad, saying "the games should not be part of a political platform." Following this criticism, Argentine Olympic Committee head Gerardo Werthein criticised the ad, stating that the Olympic Games cannot be used to make "political gestures". Zylberberg was subsequently dropped from the Argentine Hockey squad which will take part in the 2012 Games.

Minute of silence for Munich massacre victims

A campaign was launched to urge the IOC to include a minute of silence during the Opening Ceremonies in memory of the 11 Israeli athletes murdered by Palestinian terrorists at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. U.S. President Barack Obama publicly supported the campaign, joined by the United States Senate, the German Bundestag, members of the Canadian and Australian parliaments, about 50 members of the British Parliament, and about 140 members of Italy's parliament. In rejecting the request, Jacques Rogge noted that the IOC "has paid tribute to the memory of the athletes who tragically died in Munich in 1972 on several occasions and will continue to do so."

See also

• 2012 Summer Paralympics
• 2012 Winter Youth Olympics

References

1. "International Olympic Committee – London 2012". IOC. Archived from the original on 1 August 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
2. "BBC Sport – London 2012". BBC.
3. "London 2012: Election". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 4 October 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
4. "Coe promises Olympics to remember". BBC Sport. 6 July 2005. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
5. Athens has also hosted three IOC-organised events, in 1896, 2004 and the Intercalated Games in 1906. However, the 1906 games are no longer officially recognised by the IOC, as they do not fit with the quadrennial pattern of the modern Olympics.
6. Barden, Mark (26 April 2008). "London's first Olympics". BBC Sport. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
7. "The 1948 London Olympics Gallery". BBC History. Archived from the original on 18 July 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
8. "Building a sustainable Games". London 2012. Archived from the original on 18 October 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
9. "Newham London: The Olympic Park". London Borough of Newham. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
10. "Olympic bids: The rivals". BBC Sport. 15 July 2003. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
11. "London 2012 Olympics". politics.co.uk. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
12. "Can Britain stage the Olympics?". BBC News. 5 August 20012. Retrieved 20 July 2012. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
13. "Mayor Ken in Olympics bid revelation". Metro. London. 14 October 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
14. "London bid team delighted". BBC Sport. 18 May 2004. Retrieved 3 August 2008.
15. "Day One Of Paris 2012 Inspection By IOC". GamesBids. Retrieved 9 March 2005.
16. "Paris, London and New York Get Glowing IOC Reports". GamesBids. Retrieved 6 June 2005.
17. Payne, Michael. "How London really won the games". London Business School. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
18. "London And Paris Tie In 2012 Bid". GamesBids. Retrieved 31 August 2004.
19. "Rogge Arrives in Singapore". International Sailing Federation. 1 July 2005. Retrieved 6 March 2007.
20. "London beats Paris to 2012 Games". BBC News. 6 July 2005.
21. Culf, Andrew (6 July 2005). "The party that never was: capital marks the games at last—Eight weeks after Olympic celebrations were cut short by bombings, London puts on a low-key spectacle to show it means business". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2 October 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
22. ^ "LOCOG formally established at first meeting of London 2012 Transition Board" (Press release). London Development Agency. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
23. "Lemley chairs first ODA board meeting" (Press release). London 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
24. "2012 Olympic Games & Paralympic Games". Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
25. Macur, Juliet; Pfanner, Eric (9 August 2011). "London Rioting Prompts Fears Over Soccer and Olympics". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
26. Foster, Peter (9 August 2011). "London riots: China raises questions over safety of 2012 Olympic Games". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
27. Jackson, Jamie (9 August 2011). "London riots will not affect 2012 Olympic security, says IOC". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
28. "London is ready to host the Olympic Games as excitement builds". Olympic.org. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
29. "London 2012". Excel London. 6 July 2005. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
30. "Olympics 2012 venue guide". BBC News. 3 December 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
31. "Work begins on 2012 Olympic Park". BBC News. 14 December 2006. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
32. "Osprey Quay Olympic village topping out ceremony". BBC News. 13 September 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
33. "London reveals Olympic Park plans". BBC Sport. 8 November 2004. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
34. "2012 Olympic Park gets go ahead". BBC News. 9 September 2004. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
35. "Olympic Park land row rumbles on". BBC News. 4 November 2005. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
36. "Westfield Stratford City shopping centre opens". BBC News. 13 September 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
37. "Probe into Olympic land evictions". BBC News. 9 May 2006. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
38. Assistant Producer, Building the Olympic Dream (11 March 2009). "Stratford's last stand". BBC Sport. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
39. "Road cycling". London2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
40. "Essex venue to host 2012 biking". BBC Sport. 11 August 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
41. "Mountain bike course 'too easy'". BBC Sport. 1 February 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
42. Bingham, Keith (15 August 2008). "Lord Coe selects Hadleigh in Essex as 2012 Olympic mtb venue". Cycling Weekly. Croydon. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
43. "2012 Olympics: Bid to move marathon finish to the Mall". BBC News. 16 September 2010. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
44. "2012 Olympics: Bid to change marathon route criticised". BBC News. 22 September 2010. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
45. Gibson, Owen (4 October 2010). "London 2012 marathon to finish at The Mall despite East End protests". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
46. "LONDON 2012: Marathons to start and finish on The Mall, confirm Locog". More than the Games. 4 October 2010. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
47. "Greenwich or Wembley?". BBC News. 17 October 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
48. Henson, Mike (15 June 2009). "Boxing chiefs voice 2012 concerns". BBC Sport. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
49. "Wembley may stage Olympic boxing". BBC Sport. 23 April 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
50. "Badminton and rhythmic gymnastics agree to London 2012 Wembley move". More than the Games. 26 May 2010. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
51. "Report of the IOC Evaluation Commission for the Games of the XXX Olympiad in 2012" (PDF). Olympic.org. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
52. "London Olympics Transport Upgrade". Railway Technology. 15 June 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
53. "High-speed rail links confirmed". BBC News. 27 October 2004.
54. "Javelin train speeds into London". BBC News. 12 December 2008.
55. "Stratford platforms raised to host Javelin trains". BBC News. 7 September 2011.
56. "Extra trains planned for visitors to London 2012 venues". BBC News. 25 May 2011.
57. "Thames cable car to link 2012 Olympic Games venues". BBC News. 4 July 2010. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 4 July 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
58. "Plans unveiled for a new Thames crossing with London's first cable car system" (Press release). Transport for London. 4 July 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
59. "Going for Gold: Transport for London's 2012 Olympic Games" (PDF). House of Commons Transport Committee. 8 March 2006. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
60. ^ "London plan at-a-glance". BBC Sport. 6 July 2005.
61. "Free travel plan for Olympic bid". BBC News. 5 July 2004.
62. "Olympics 2012: Park and ride schemes for Dorney Lake events". BBC News. 14 September 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
63. Olympic and Paralympic route network, TfL
64. Beard, Matthew (15 November 2011). "Revealed: the road signs that will ban drivers from Olympic lanes". London Evening Standard.
65. "2012 London Olympic Games | London Chauffeur Limo Service". Panamerican Chauffeurs. 6 July 2005. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
66. "Go-ahead won for £77m relief road". BBC News. 5 April 2007.
67. "Weymouth Olympic relief road is opened". BBC News. 17 March 2011.
68. "Olympics road plans put on show". BBC News. 24 October 2009.
69. "Business fears over Weymouth Olympic transport works". BBC News. 7 June 2010.
70. "Roundabouts to get Olympic money". BBC News. 30 March 2010.
71. Millward, David (14 June 2011). "Olympic backlash spreads to Weymouth". The Daily Telegraph. London.
72. "ODA plays down South East's fears about Olympic legacy coach network". Local Transport Today. 22 January 2010. Archived from the original on 30 January 2010. Retrieved 30 January 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
73. "Statement re Bus and Coach contract at London 2012 Games" (Press release). FirstGroup. 15 February 2010. Retrieved 16 April 2010.>
74. ^ "Olympic Games partners | The people delivering the Games". London 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
75. "Volunteering – Making the Games happen". London 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
76. Shifrin, Tash (10 February 2004). "Olympic appeal as volunteer target hit". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
77. "10 Games Maker facts". London 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
78. "Volunteers training day at Wembley Stadium as they prepare for Games". The Daily Telegraph. London. 4 February 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
79. ^ "Just the ticket". London 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
80. "Hot ticket! Paralympic sales outshine expectations with many sessions sold out". Daily Mail. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
81. "London Opens Ticket Process for 2012 Olympics". ABC News. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
82. ISAF (28 July 2011). "ISAF: London 2012 Olympic Games Sailing Competition: What Is The Weymouth And Portland International Regatta?". Sailing.org. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
83. "London 2012 test event tickets now on sale". LOCOG. 26 May 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
84. "Ticketing at London 2012". London 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
85. Lynn, Guy (22 May 2012). "Ukrainian Olympic official 'willing to sell tickets to black market'". BBC News. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
86. "Olympic tickets offered to UK Armed Forces members". BBC News. 14 June 2011.
87. "2012 Olympic tickets for 7/7 bomb attack victims". BBC News. 6 May 2011.
88. "Olympic ticket demand passes 20m". BBC News. 27 April 2011.
89. "London 2012: Ticket applications 'hit the roof'". BBC News. 26 April 2011. Archived from the original on 26 April 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
90. "750,000 Olympics tickets sold in 'second chance' round". BBC News. 3 July 2011.
91. "Wiggins angry at 2012 'shambles'". BBC News. 23 June 2011.
92. "Coe insists ticketing system for London Olympics is fair but not perfect". Daily Mail. London. 27 May 2011.
93. "London 2012 to put more Olympic tickets on sale this week for those that missed out first time". Insidethegames. 8 May 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
94. "Olympic tickets on sale in 'second chance' phase". BBC News. 11 July 2011. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
95. Wallop, Harry (26 April 2011). "London 2012: more tickets available later this year". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
96. "2012 Hopefuls miss out on tickets". BBC News. 26 June 2011.
97. Semyonova, Alexandra (25 March 2011). "Introducing the 2012 ticket voucher". BBC News.
98. "2012 ticket difficulties in Brazil". BBC News. 18 March 2011.
99. "Government ticket allocation for 2012 Games questioned". BBC News. 31 May 2011.
100. Eight minute wonder (17 June 2008). "The BBC". The BBC. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
101. "1948 Olympians and 2012 hopefuls join Beijing heroes as Olympic and Paralympic flags raised at City Hall". Legacy.london.gov.uk. 26 September 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
102. "London 2012 countdown clock stops in Trafalgar Square". BBC News. 15 March 2011. Archived from the original on 18 March 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
103. Murray, Scott; Murrells, Katy (27 July 2011). "London 2012: The 'One Year To Go' Celebrations – as they happened". The Guardian. London.
104. "Olympic flame lit for London Games". Retrieved 10 May 2012.
105. "London 2012: 13,500 troops to provide Olympic security". BBC News. 15 December 2011.
106. Seida, Jim (19 January 2012). "Metropolitan Police and the Royal Marines perform security exercises in preparation for London Olympics". MSNBC.
107. ^ Booth, Robert (29 April 2012). "London rooftops to carry missiles during Olympic Games". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
108. ^ "London Olympics 2012: MoD rooftop missile base plan alarms local residents". The Daily Telegraph. London. 29 April 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
109. "London unveils logo of 2012 Games". BBC Sport. 4 June 2007. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 5 July 2007. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
110. "The new London 2012 brand". London 2012. 4 June 2007. Archived from the original on 6 June 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2007.
111. "London 2012 logo to be unveiled". BBC Sport. 4 June 2007. Archived from the original on 13 June 2007. Retrieved 4 June 2007. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
112. "Get involved: Handover". London 2012. No date. Archived from the original on 29 August 2008. Retrieved 23 June 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
113. "London Olympics 2012". Lloyds TSB. Archived from the original on 26 April 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
114. "Official airline partner of London 2012". British Airways. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
115. "Adidas welcomed as Tier One Partner" (Press release). London 2012. 20 September 2007. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
116. Geoghegan, Tom (5 June 2007). "'Oh no' logo". BBC News.
117. "BBC poll measuring public reaction to the new London Olympics logo". BBC Sport.
118. Cowell, Alan (6 June 2007). "British turn up their noses at London Olympics logo". The New York Times.
119. Glancey, Jonathan (5 June 2007). "How Lisa Simpson got ahead at the Olympics". Art blog (The Guardian). London. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
120. "Uh-Oh Logo". The Valve. Archived from the original on 18 September 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
121. "2012 London logo draws ire of Iran". ESPN. Associated Press. 28 February 2011. Archived from the original on 1 March 2011. Retrieved 5 March 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
122. "London Olympics: Iran to compete despite logo complaint", BBC News, 12 March 2011.
123. "Epilepsy fears over 2012 footage". BBC News. 5 June 2007. Archived from the original on 28 June 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2007. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
124. "Online petition against Olympic logo closed". The Daily Telegraph. London. 8 June 2007.
125. Stocks, Claire (5 June 2007). "Why we should give London 2012 logo a chance". BBC Sport Editors' blog. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
126. "London Broil". Coudal Partners. Archived from the original on 5 May 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
127. ^ Farquhar, Gordon (19 May 2010). "London 2012 unveils Games mascots Wenlock & Mandeville". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 May 2010. Retrieved 19 May 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
128. "The London 2012 mascots". London 2012. 19 May 2010. Archived from the original on 21 May 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
129. "Home – London 2012 Mascots". Mylondon2012.com. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
130. "London 2012 Olympic Games victory medals to be made by the Royal Mint". Royalmint.com. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
131. "London 2012 medals deal struck for Royal Mint in Llantrisant". BBC News. 14 December 2010.
132. "London 2012: Olympic medals go into production in Wales". BBC News. 27 October 2011. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
133. ^ "London 2012: Olympic medals locked in Tower". BBC News. 2 July 2012. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
134. "London 2012: Olympic medals timeline". BBC News. 26 July 2011.
135. "London 2012 test events unveiled". BBC News. 24 February 2011.
136. Magnay, Jacquelin (17 May 2011). "London 2012 torch relay should focus on youth". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
137. "The Olympic Torch Relay". LOCOG. 18 May 2011. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
138. "London 2012 Olympic torch relay route revealed". BBC News. 18 May 2011. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
139. "Dublin to host Olympic Torch'". Irish Times. Dublin. 8 December 2011.
140. "London Culture and 2012 Open Meeting" (PDF). london.gov.uk. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
141. "London 2012 Olympics opening ceremony called 'The Isles of Wonder'". Olympics Medal Tally. 27 January 2012.
142. "Underworld announced as Music Directors for the opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympic Games". Underworld. No date. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
143. "Queen And Duke To Open London 2012 Games". Gamesbids.com. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
144. Child, Ben (2 April 2012). "London 2012: Daniel Craig to open Olympics as James Bond". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
145. Martin, Dan (6 June 2012). "Paul McCartney to close London Olympics opening ceremony". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
146. "Closing Ceremony". London 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
147. "Olympics - Countries". BBC Sport. Retrieved 19 July 2012. From the 27th of July 2012 - 204 countries will send more than 10,000 athletes to compete in 300 events
148. Hubbard, Alan (12 December 1999). "City of Manchester Stadium: The Wembley rescuers". The Independent. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
149. "Curtain comes down on 123rd IOC Session". IOC. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
150. Saudi women push for the right to play sports retrieved 19 July 2012
151. Only Two Saudi Female Olympians but Another Victory Over Hardline Clerics retrieved 19 July 2012
152. "Afghanistan - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
153. "Albania - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
154. "Algeria - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
155. "American Samoa - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
156. "Andorra - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
157. "Angola - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
158. "Antigua and Barbuda - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
159. "Argentina - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
160. "Armenia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
161. "Aruba - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
162. "Australia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
163. "Austria - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
164. "Azerbaijan - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
165. "Bahamas - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
166. "Bahrain - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
167. "Bangladesh - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
168. "Barbados - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
169. "Belarus - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
170. "Belgium - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
171. "Belize - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
172. "Benin - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
173. "Bermuda - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
174. "Buthan - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
175. "Bolivia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
176. "Bosnia and Herzegovina - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
177. "Botswana - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
178. "Brazil - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
179. "Virgin Islands, British - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
180. "Brunei Darussalam - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
181. "Bulgaria - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
182. "Burkina Faso - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
183. "Burundi - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
184. "Cambodia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
185. "Cameroon - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
186. "Canada - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
187. "Cape Verde - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
188. "Cayman Islands - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
189. "Central African Republic - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
190. "Chad - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
191. "Chile - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
192. "People's Republic of China - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
193. "Colombia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
194. "Comoros - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
195. "Congo - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
196. "Democratic Republic of the Congo - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
197. "Cook Islands - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
198. "Costa Rica - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
199. "Ivory Coast - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
200. "Croatia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
201. "Cuba - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
202. "Cyprus - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
203. "Czech Republic - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
204. "Denmark - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
205. "Djibouti - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
206. "Dominica - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
207. "Dominican Republic - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
208. "Ecuador - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
209. "Egypt - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
210. "El Salvador - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
211. "Equatorial Guinea - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
212. "Eritrea - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
213. "Estonia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
214. "Ethiopia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
215. "Fiji - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
216. "Finland - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
217. "France - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
218. "Gabon - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
219. "Gambia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
220. "Georgia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
221. "Germany - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
222. "Ghana - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
223. "Great Britain - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
224. "Greece - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
225. "Grenada - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
226. "Guam - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
227. "Guatemala - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
228. "Guinea - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
229. "Guinea-Bissau - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
230. "Guyana - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
231. "Haiti - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
232. "Honduras - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
233. "Hong Kong, China - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
234. "Hungary - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
235. "Iceland - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
236. "Independent Olympic Athletes - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
237. "IOC Executive Board meets ahead of London Games". Olympic.org. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
238. "India - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
239. "Indonesia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
240. "Islamic Republic of Iran - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
241. "Iraq - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
242. "Ireland - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
243. "Israel - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
244. "Italy - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
245. "Jamaica - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
246. "Japan - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
247. "Jordan - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
248. "Kazakhstan - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
249. "Kenya - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
250. "Kiribati - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
251. "Democratic People's Republic of Korea - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
252. "Republic of Korea - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
253. "Kuwait - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
254. "Kyrgyzstan - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
255. "Lao People's Democratic Republic - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
256. "Latvia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
257. "Lebanon - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
258. "Lesotho - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
259. "Liberia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
260. "Libya - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
261. "Liechtenstein - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
262. "Lithuania - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
263. "Luxembourg - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
264. "Former Rep. of Macedonia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
265. "Madagascar - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
266. "Malawi - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
267. "Malaysia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
268. "Maldives - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
269. "Mali - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
270. "Malta - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
271. "Marshall Islands - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
272. "Mauritania - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
273. "Mauritius - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
274. "Mexico - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
275. "Federated States of Micronesia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
276. "Republic of Moldova - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
277. "Monaco - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
278. "Mongolia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
279. "Montenegro - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
280. "Morocco - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
281. "Mozambique - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
282. "Myanmar - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
283. "Namibia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
284. "Nauru - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
285. "Nepal - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
286. "Netherlands - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
287. "New Zealand - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
288. "Nicaragua - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
289. "Niger - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
290. "Nigeria - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
291. "Norway - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
292. "Oman - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
293. "Pakistan - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
294. "Palau - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
295. "Palestine - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
296. "Panama - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
297. "Papua New Guinea - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
298. "Paraguay - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
299. "Peru - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
300. "Philippines - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
301. "Poland - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
302. "Portugal - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
303. "Puerto Rico - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
304. "Qatar - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
305. "Romania - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
306. "Russian Federation - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
307. "Rwanda - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
308. "Saint Kitts and Nevis - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
309. "Saint Lucia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
310. "Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
311. "Samoa - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
312. "San Marino - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
313. "Sao Tome and Principe - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
314. "Saudi Arabia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
315. "Senegal - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
316. "Serbia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
317. "Seychelles - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
318. "Sierra Leone - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
319. "Singapore - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
320. "Slovakia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
321. "Slovenia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
322. "Solomon Islands - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
323. "Somalia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
324. "South Africa - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
325. "Spain - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
326. "Sri Lanka - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
327. "Sudan - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
328. "Suriname - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
329. "Swaziland - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
330. "Sweden - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
331. "Switzerland - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
332. "Syrian Arab Republic - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
333. "Chinese Taipei - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
334. "Tajikistan - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
335. "United Republic of Tanzania - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
336. "Thailand - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
337. "Democratic Republic of Timor Leste - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
338. "Togo - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
339. "Tonga - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
340. "Trinidad and Tobago - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
341. "Tunisia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
342. "Turkey - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
343. "Turkmenistan - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
344. "Tuvalu - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
345. "Uganda - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
346. "Ukraine - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
347. "United Arab Emirates - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
348. "United States of America - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
349. "Uruguay - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
350. "Uzbekistan - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
351. "Vanuatu - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
352. "Venezuela - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
353. "Vietnam - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
354. "Virgin Islands, US - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
355. "Yemen - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
356. "Zambia - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
357. "Zimbabwe - 2012 Olympic Athletes". London 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
358. Tennis: Mixed Doubles Preview NBCOlympics
359. ^ Michaelis, Vicki (8 July 2005). "Baseball, softball bumped from Olympics". USA Today. Retrieved 17 August 2008.
360. "International Olympic Committee – Olympic Games". Olympic.org. Archived from the original on 12 September 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
361. ^ Dipankar De Sarkar (6 August 2008). "London legislator heads for Beijing, wants cricket in 2012 Olympics". Thaindian News. Archived from the original on 15 August 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
362. "Gordon Brown backs Olympic netball". Daily Express. UK. 20 February 2008. Archived from the original on 28 September 2008. Retrieved 10 September 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
363. "London 2012 Olympic Games schedule released". BBC News. 15 February 2011. Archived from the original on 27 May 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
364. Let's Go Digiral
365. "Panasonic Announces 3D P2 HD Shoulder-Mount Camcorder and First P2 HD Handheld with AVC-Intra Recording at National Association of Broadcasters Convention DVCPRO HD Named Official Recording Format for London 2012 Olympic Games". Panasonic. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
366. "Roger Mosey". BBC. 29 September 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2010.
367. "YouTube will live stream HD Olympics coverage to 64 territories in Asia, Africa". Engadget. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
368. "New biodiversity plan sets out future for Olympic Park wildlife". London 2012. 27 February 2009. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 5 March 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
369. "London 2012 Olympics 'to miss renewable energy target'". BBC. 11 April 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
370. "Olympic Games site wind turbine scrapped". BBC. 4 June 2010. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
371. "Compostable bioplastics set for big win at London Olympics". NNFCC. 31 May 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
372. "Games a '£2bn UK tourism boost'". BBC News. 6 July 2005.
373. "Olympic park waterbus service". British Waterways. 7 October 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
374. "Olympic Charter" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. 11 February 2010. p. 80. Retrieved 6 May 2011.
375. "Cultural Olympiad". London 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
376. Mark Brown he Guardian (12 March 2012). "Cultural Olympiad 2012 reaches the critical masses". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
377. ^ "London 2012 announce Hornby as licensee". London 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
378. "Hornby to produce model collectibles for London 2012 fans". More than the games. 21 July 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
379. "Hornby launches Olympic range at Hamleys". Toynews-online.biz. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
380. "Director of Sport pens Olympics training guide". beds.ac.uk. 28 February 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
381. "Official London 2012 shops | Retail information". London 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
382. Gibson, Owen (4 May 2010). "Sainsbury's announces sponsorship of 2012 Paralympics". The Guardian. London.
383. "Muse unveil official Olympic song". BBC. 28 June 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
384. "Muse song "Survival" unveiled as the official London 2012 Olympic theme tune". The Daily Telegraph. 28 June 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
385. "Welcome to Royal Mail Group". .royalmailgroup.com. 24 August 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
386. "Royal Mail releases final set of 2012 Olympic stamps". insidethegames.biz. 22 July 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
387. "Royal Mail delivers London 2012 stamp deal". insidethegames.biz. 24 August 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
388. "Year-to-go Olympic stamps unveiled by Royal Mail". BBC News. 22 July 2011.
389. "London 2012 £5 coin design success for Midlands pair". BBC News. BBC. 14 November 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
390. "21 Anniversary Supplement". The Daily Star. 23 May 2010. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
391. Kennedy, Maev (23 November 2011). "Olympic one kilo coins to mark London 2012 Games unveiled". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
392. "London Fireworks 2012 – New Year Live – BBC One". Youtube.com. 1 January 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
393. "Let's Make It Great, Britain". Youtube.com. 31 December 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
394. "London 2012: Olympic Park Runners Finish Race". BBC News. 31 March 2012.
395. "Chariots of Fire Returns to UK Cinemas Ahead of the Olympics". British Film Institute. 23 March 2012.
396. Ng, David. "Chariots of Fire is West End-bound, Coinciding with Olympics". Los Angeles Times. 18 April 2012.
397. Anderson, Steve (18 July 2012). "The Debate: Have Olympic sponsorship regulations gone too far?". The Debate (blog)(The Independent). London. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
398. O'Sullivan, Feargus (13 June 2012). "The Pettiness of Olympic Branding". The Atlantic Cities. Washington DC. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
399. "The Protected Games' Marks" (PDF). Brand guidelines. LOCOG. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
400. "Melton lingerie shop told to remove 'Olympic rings' display". Leicester Mercury. 27 April 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
401. Robinson, Martin (22 May 2012). "Charity knitting group fundraiser, 81, banned from selling £1 doll because 'GB 2012' logo breaches Olympic copyright laws". Daily Mail. London. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
402. Peck, Tom; Cooper, Charlie (26 May 2012). "The torch relay: Golden moment or flaming nuisance?". The Independent. London. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
403. "London 2012: Organisers clarify rules on branded clothing for spectators". BBC News. 20 July 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
404. Cardiologist: Ban junk food from sponsoring Olympics, BBC News, 10 July 2012
405. Coombes, R. (2010). "Richard Budgett: Olympic challenge", BMJ, 2010;340:c2904
406. Carman, Tim (18 July 2012). "McDonald's Olympian achievement in London: A French fry monopoly and largest fast-food restaurant". The Washington Post.
407. Blitz, Roger (15 July 2012)."McDonald's launches Olympics ad campaign". Financial Times (London).
408. Martin, Sami K. (10 July 2012). "Olympics McDonald's, Coca-Cola Support: Selling Out for a Financial Fix?", The Christian Post.
409. Eccles, Louise (3 July 2012). "McDonald's, supersized: First pictures inside the world's biggest fast food restaurant. . . yards from Olympic stadium". Daily Mail (London).
410. McWatt, Julia (11 July 2012). "McDonald's and Coca Cola should have no place in Olympics, says Wales' top doctor". WalesOnline.
411. Rowley, Tom (19 July 2012). "London 2012 Olympics: McDonald's 'the wrong choice' for athletes, says Team GB sport science head". The Daily Telegraph (London).
412. "London 2012 Olympics: Assembly calls for ban on junk food sponsors". The Daily Telegraph. London. 21 June 2012.
413. Coombes, R. (2010). "Richard Budgett: Olympic challenge", BMJ, 2010;340:c2904
414. "IOC chief Jacques Rogge admits 'question mark' over McDonald's and Coca-Cola sponsoring Olympics". The Daily Telegraph. London. 21 July 2012.
415. O'Reilly, Lara (10 July 2012). "McDonald's, Coke defend Olympic choice". Marketing Week. London.
416. ^ Mahim Pratap Singh (8 March 2012). "We stand behind Dow: London Olympic panel". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
417. Scheyder, Ernest (20 February 2012). "Dow Chemical's Olympic PR push dogged by Bhopal". Reuters. New York. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
418. Attewill, Fred (2 February 2012). "Tenants priced out of their homes by Olympics as landlords cash in". Metro. London. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
419. "Landlords 'Evicting Tenants' to Make Olympic Profit". BBC News. 8 May 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
420. ^ Black, Ian (20 June 2012). "Britain urged to ban royal head of Bahrain Olympic committee". The Guardian. London.
421. "Prevent Sheikh Nasser bin Hamad al Khalifa of Bahrain from attending the London Olympics 2012". Avaaz. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
422. Presenter: George Galloway (28 June 2012). "George Galloway's message to Nasser Bin Hamad Al Khalifa of Bahrain". Comment. Press TV. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |city= ignored (|location= suggested) (help)
423. "IOK Vill Censurera OS-Idrottarna". SVT (in Swedish). 29 November 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
424. Albrectsen, Nikolaj (29 November 2011). "Ytringsfriheden på spil under OL". Jyllandsposten (in Danish). Aarhus. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
425. Hachman, Mark. "Olympic Athletes Allowed to Tweet, But Not 'Report'". PCMag.com. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
426. "Argentina's 'Falklands Olympics' advert sparks row". BBC News. 3 May 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
427. "Argentinian Olympic advert depicts Falkland Islands as 'Argentine soil'". The Guardian. London. 4 May 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
428. "UK criticises 'tasteless' Falklands Olympic ad". BBC News. 4 May 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
429. Wade, Stephen (5 May 2012). "Falklands ad runs again despite IOC concerns". Sacramento Bee. California. Associated Press. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
430. "Argentine NOC Statement On Controversial Ads". Gamesbids.com. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
431. "Argentine hockey player featured in controversial Falklands advert dropped from squad ahead of Olympics". Insidethegames.biz. 13 May 2012. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
432. "Obama backs Olympics moment of silence for Israelis killed at Munich Games". abcnews.go.com. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
433. "Italian lawmakers join push for Olympics moment of silence". jta.org. 13 July 2012. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
434. Kelly, Amanda (29 June 2012). "Calls for moment of silence at London 2012 Olympics for Munich massacre victims". Global Montreal. Retrieved 20 July 2012.

Book references

1. Scott Rosner (2010). The Business of Sports. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 453. ISBN 9780763780784. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

External links

Template:Wikinewspar2

Official

• Official website
• London 2012 from the International Olympic Committee

News media

• London 2012 at BBC Online
• 2012 Summer Olympics collected news and commentary at The Guardian
• 2012 London Olympics at NBC
• London Olympics Business at The Telegraph

v t e Olympic Games
Olympic sports Olympism
IOC Charter Olympic Congress IOC meetings International sports federations Medals Medal table All-time medal table youth Medal table leaders by Olympic Games Medalists youth Medal ties Incentives by country Stripped medals Olympic diploma Olive wreath Nations Summer Olympics Winter Olympics tropical nations country codes Host cities Bids youth Venues youth Olympic Stadium Ceremonies Olympic Mass People who opened the Olympics Torch relays lighters of the Olympic cauldron Keepers of the Olympic flag Media Television Olympic Broadcasting Services Olympic Channel American Social media Films summer winter Video games Symbols Flame Olympiad Oath Songs and anthems Hymn Emblem Poster Mascots Coins summer (pre-2000) summer (2000-present) winter Pierre de Coubertin Medal Olympic Cup Olympic Diploma of Merit Olympic Laurel Olympic Order Other Art competitions at the Olympics medalists Scandals and controversies antisemitism colonialism doping Deaths WWI WWII Participation of women Related Paralympic Games Continental African Asian European Pacific Pan-American Olympic Esports Series Deaflympics Special Olympics 1906 Intercalated Games Ancient Olympic Games
Olympic Games Summer 1896 Athens 1900 Paris 1904 St. Louis 1908 London 1912 Stockholm 1916 Berlin 1920 Antwerp 1924 Paris 1928 Amsterdam 1932 Los Angeles 1936 Berlin 1940 Tokyo 1944 London 1948 London 1952 Helsinki 1956 Melbourne 1960 Rome 1964 Tokyo 1968 Mexico City 1972 Munich 1976 Montreal 1980 Moscow 1984 Los Angeles 1988 Seoul 1992 Barcelona 1996 Atlanta 2000 Sydney 2004 Athens 2008 Beijing 2012 London 2016 Rio 2020 Tokyo 2024 Paris 2028 Los Angeles 2032 Brisbane 2036 TBD Winter 1924 Chamonix 1928 St. Moritz 1932 Lake Placid 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1940 Sapporo 1944 Cortina d'Ampezzo 1948 St. Moritz 1952 Oslo 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 1960 Squaw Valley 1964 Innsbruck 1968 Grenoble 1972 Sapporo 1976 Innsbruck 1980 Lake Placid 1984 Sarajevo 1988 Calgary 1992 Albertville 1994 Lillehammer 1998 Nagano 2002 Salt Lake 2006 Torino 2010 Vancouver 2014 Sochi 2018 PyeongChang 2022 Beijing 2026 Milano Cortina 2030 French Alps 2034 Salt Lake City–Utah
Youth Olympic Games Summer 2010 Singapore 2014 Nanjing 2018 Buenos Aires 2026 Dakar 2030 Winter 2012 Innsbruck 2016 Lillehammer 2020 Lausanne 2024 Gangwon 2028 Cancelled due to World War I ^ Cancelled due to World War II Postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Portal Category Commons

v t e National Olympic Committees at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom
Africa	Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
Americas	Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Aruba Bahamas Barbados Belize Bermuda Bolivia Brazil British Virgin Islands Canada Cayman Islands Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Puerto Rico Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago United States Uruguay Venezuela Virgin Islands
Asia	Afghanistan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China East Timor Hong Kong India Indonesia Iran Iraq Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal North Korea Oman Pakistan Palestine Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore South Korea Sri Lanka Syria Chinese Taipei Tajikistan Thailand Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen
Europe	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Great Britain Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine
Oceania	American Samoa Australia Cook Islands Fiji Guam Kiribati Marshall Islands Federated States of Micronesia Nauru New Zealand Palau Papua New Guinea Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu
Others	Independent Olympic Athletes

v t e Venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics (London)
Olympic Park	Aquatics Centre Basketball Arena Copper Box Eton Manor Olympic Stadium Media Centre Olympic Village Riverbank Arena Olympic Velodrome Orbit Tower Water Polo Arena
River Zone	ExCeL Greenwich Park North Greenwich Arena Royal Artillery Barracks
Central Zone	All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club Earls Court Exhibition Centre Hampton Court Palace Horse Guards Parade Hyde Park Lord's Marathon Course Wembley Arena Wembley Stadium
Outside London	Dorney Lake Hadleigh Farm Lee Valley White Water Centre Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy
Football stadia	Coventry Arena Hampden Park Millennium Stadium Old Trafford St James' Park

• Use dmy dates from October 2011
• 2012 Summer Olympics
• 2012 in London
• Olympic Games in the United Kingdom
• Scheduled sports events
• Sports festivals in London