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| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| The khanate occupied the lands traditionally associated with the ], ] and ] provinces of ], and was therefore made part of the ] after its dissolution by Russian imperial authorities in the 19th century. <ref> |
The khanate occupied the lands traditionally associated with the ], ] and ] provinces of ], and was therefore made part of the ] after its dissolution by Russian imperial authorities in the 19th century. <ref>]. History of the Land of Sisakan. Tiflis, 1910</ref><ref>Anania Shirakatsi. Ashkharhatsoyts, translated from Old Armenian by Robert H. Hewsen. Caravan Books, 1994</ref><ref>Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, maps 40, 62, 65, 81, 98</ref> | ||
| The ] was ruled by a local ]-Turkish dynasty, the Kangarli, {{Fact|date=January 2009}} and the population was mostly ] (Azeri-Turkish and ]ish). It was founded in 1747 {{Fact|date=January 2009}} by Haydar Quli Khan, who declared himself the ruler of Nakhichevan after the assasination of ] Afshar, the ruler of ]. During the rule of Panah khan of ], Nakhichevan was a dependency of Karabakh. | The ] was ruled by a local ]-Turkish dynasty, the Kangarli, {{Fact|date=January 2009}} and the population was mostly ] (Azeri-Turkish and ]ish). It was founded in 1747 {{Fact|date=January 2009}} by Haydar Quli Khan, who declared himself the ruler of Nakhichevan after the assasination of ] Afshar, the ruler of ]. During the rule of Panah khan of ], Nakhichevan was a dependency of Karabakh. | ||
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| {{POV-section|Griboyedov}} | {{POV-section|Griboyedov}} | ||
| With the onset of Russian rule, the tsarist authorities encouraged massive |
With the onset of Russian rule, the tsarist authorities encouraged massive ],<ref name="Bournoutian">] (1997). "Eastern Armenia from the Seventeenth Century to the Russian Annexation" in ''The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century''. ] (ed.) New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 82, 96, 105-106. ISBN 1-4039-6422-X.</ref><ref>Firouzeh Mostashari. ''On the Religious Frontier: Tsarist Russia and Islam in the Caucasus''. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006, p. 42.</ref> of Armenians from Persia and Turkey to Nakhichevan and other areas of the Caucasus. They had fled their homeland (or, as in the case of ]'s rule, had been forcibly relocated 250,000 of them to ])<ref name="Bournoutian"/> during the early 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries due to Muslim misrule and transgressions against property and freedoms.<ref name="Bournoutian"/> Special clauses of the Turkmenchay and Adrianople treaties allowed for this. According to Russian envoy to Persia ], the immigration process in Nakhichevan was administered inefficiently and the number of Armenian settlers in the region exceeded all reasonable limits, which resulted in tensions between the Armenian settlers and the Muslim population. Griboyedov requested Russian army commander count ] to give orders on resettlement of some of the arriving people further to the region of Daralagoz to quiet the tensions.<ref>{{ru icon}} .</ref> In his note, Griboyedov also added a table where he compared numbers of Armenians settled in the region and those Armenians and Muslims who lived in some areas of the province before.<ref>Griboyedov</ref> | ||
| == Rulers<ref></ref> == | == Rulers<ref></ref> == | ||
Revision as of 18:49, 17 January 2009
The Khanate of Nakhichevan (Template:Lang-az; Template:Lang-fa) was a feudal state in the southern Caucasus, subordinate to the Persian Shahs, and named after its chief settlement, the town of Nakhichivan. Its territory was similar to the present-day Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, except that it extended further north (as far as Jermuk in present-day Armenia) but did not include Sharur (the present-day Şərur and Sədərək districts of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic).
History
The khanate occupied the lands traditionally associated with the Ayrarat, Vaspurakan and Syunik provinces of Armenia, and was therefore made part of the Armenian Oblast after its dissolution by Russian imperial authorities in the 19th century.
The khanate was ruled by a local Azeri-Turkish dynasty, the Kangarli, and the population was mostly Muslim (Azeri-Turkish and Kurdish). It was founded in 1747 by Haydar Quli Khan, who declared himself the ruler of Nakhichevan after the assasination of Nadir Shah Afshar, the ruler of Persia. During the rule of Panah khan of Karabakh khanate, Nakhichevan was a dependency of Karabakh.
During the Russo-Persian War of 1804-1813, in 1808 Russian forces under general Gudovich briefly occupied Nakhichevan, but as a result of the Treaty of Gulistan it was returned to Persian control. After the second Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828 and the Treaty of Turkmenchay, in 1828 the khanate became a Russian possession. Its then ruler, Ehsan khan, had supported Russia in the war against Persia and was given the rank of major-general of the Russian army and the title of campaign ataman of the Kangarly militia.
The abolition of the khanate
In 1828 the khanates of Erivan and Nakhichivan were dissolved and their territories united to form the Armenian Province ("Armianskaia Oblast"). In 1840 that province was dissolved and its territory incorporated into a larger new province, the Georgia-Imeretia Governorate ("Gruziia-Imeretiia"). This new division did not last long – in 1845 a vast new territory called the Caucasian Territory ("Kavkazskii Krai") or Caucasian Viceregency ("Kavkazskoe Namestnichestvo") was created, in which the former Armenian Province formed part of a subdivision named the Tiflis Governorate. In 1849 the Erivan Governorate was established, separate from the Tiflis Governorate. It included the territory of the former Nakhchivan khanate, which became the province's Nakhichevan uyezd.
After the dissolution, the khans of Nakhichevan remained the most influential power and de-facto rulers of the region. The Nakhchivan khans became known in the Russian empire by the surname Khan Nakhichevanski and the men of its family traditionally entered military service. Six Khans Nakhchivanski became generals in the Russian tsarist, Soviet and Iranian armies. Two sons of Ehsan khan - Ismail khan and Kalbali khan - were awarded orders of Saint-George of IV degree for the services in battle and were generals in the Russian army. A son of Kalbali khan Huseyn Khan Nakhichevanski was a prominent Russian military commander and adjutant general of the Russian Emperor, and his nephews, Jamshid and Kalbali, were generals in the Soviet and Iranian armies respectively.
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With the onset of Russian rule, the tsarist authorities encouraged massive repatriation, of Armenians from Persia and Turkey to Nakhichevan and other areas of the Caucasus. They had fled their homeland (or, as in the case of Shah Abbas's rule, had been forcibly relocated 250,000 of them to New Julfa) during the early 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries due to Muslim misrule and transgressions against property and freedoms. Special clauses of the Turkmenchay and Adrianople treaties allowed for this. According to Russian envoy to Persia Alexandr Griboyedov, the immigration process in Nakhichevan was administered inefficiently and the number of Armenian settlers in the region exceeded all reasonable limits, which resulted in tensions between the Armenian settlers and the Muslim population. Griboyedov requested Russian army commander count Ivan Paskevich to give orders on resettlement of some of the arriving people further to the region of Daralagoz to quiet the tensions. In his note, Griboyedov also added a table where he compared numbers of Armenians settled in the region and those Armenians and Muslims who lived in some areas of the province before.
Rulers
1747 - 1787 Haydar Quli Khan
1787 - 1823 Kalb` Ali Khan
1823 - 1828 Ehsan Khan
1828 - 1834 Karim Khan Kangarli
Notes
- Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, map 149.
- Stepanos Orbelian. History of the Land of Sisakan. Tiflis, 1910
- Anania Shirakatsi. Ashkharhatsoyts, translated from Old Armenian by Robert H. Hewsen. Caravan Books, 1994
- Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, maps 40, 62, 65, 81, 98
- Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, p173.
- Template:Ru icon Иванов Р. Н. Именем Союза Советских… Жизнь и гибель комбрига Нахичеванского. — М.: Герои Отечества, 2007.
- ^ Bournoutian, George (1997). "Eastern Armenia from the Seventeenth Century to the Russian Annexation" in The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century. Richard Hovannisian (ed.) New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 82, 96, 105-106. ISBN 1-4039-6422-X.
- Firouzeh Mostashari. On the Religious Frontier: Tsarist Russia and Islam in the Caucasus. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006, p. 42.
- Template:Ru icon A.S. Griboyedov. Letter to Count I.F.Paskevich, 1 October 1828..
- Griboyedov
- Azerbaijan
See also
Categories: