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| *] (English, 1924–) | *] (English, 1924–) | ||
| ** Developed the ] for the analysis of ]<ref>{{cite book | author = Wermuth, Nanny; Anthony C. Davison; Dodge, Yadolah | title = Celebrating Statistics: Papers in honour of Sir David Cox on his 80th birthday (Oxford Statistical Science Series) | publisher = Oxford University Press, USA | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-19-856654-9 }}</ref> | ** Developed the ] for the analysis of ]<ref>{{cite book | author = Wermuth, Nanny; Anthony C. Davison; Dodge, Yadolah | title = Celebrating Statistics: Papers in honour of Sir David Cox on his 80th birthday (Oxford Statistical Science Series) | publisher = Oxford University Press, USA | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-19-856654-9 | oclc = 185035518 228140765 60837753 62088309 }}</ref> | ||
| *] (American, 1938–) | *] (American, 1938–) | ||
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| | 1949 || School of Public Health, ] || - | | 1949 || School of Public Health, ] || - | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | 1957 || ] || ],<br>]<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.amstat.org/about/statisticians/index.cfm?fuseaction=biosinfo&BioID=21 | title = Cochran, William G |
| 1957 || ] || ],<br>]<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.amstat.org/about/statisticians/index.cfm?fuseaction=biosinfo&BioID=21 | title = Cochran, William G| publisher = ] ''Statisticians in History'' | isbn = 0840326157 | author = Norman A. Cochran, Lloyd C. Wilkinson, John J. Furlow ; chapter headings by William Dean Buffington. | year = 1982 | oclc = 8925014}}</ref><ref>{{citation | url = http://www.amstat.org/about/statisticians/index.cfm?fuseaction=biosinfo&BioID=10 | title = Mosteller, Frederick | publisher = ] ''Statisticians in History'' | isbn = 0387909915 | author = Frederick Mostelller ; David L. Wallace | year = 1984 | oclc = 10726742 230808301}}</ref> | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | 1957 || ] || H.O. Lancaster<ref>{{citation | title = Obituary: Emeritus Professor Henry Oliver Lancaster, AO FAA | year = 2002 | work = The University of Sydney News | url = http://www.maths.usyd.edu.au/u/About/lancaster.htm}}</ref> | | 1957 || ] || H.O. Lancaster<ref>{{citation | title = Obituary: Emeritus Professor Henry Oliver Lancaster, AO FAA | year = 2002 | work = The University of Sydney News | url = http://www.maths.usyd.edu.au/u/About/lancaster.htm}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 04:14, 24 September 2008
Statistics is the theory and application of mathematics to the scientific method including hypothesis generation, experimental design, sampling, data collection, data summarization, estimation, prediction and inference from those results to the population from which the experimental sample was drawn. This article lists statisticians who have been instrumental in the development of theoretical and applied statistics.
Founders of statistics
- Thomas Bayes (English, 1702–1761)
- Developed the interpretation of probability now known as Bayes theorem
- Carl Friedrich Gauss (German, 1777–1855)
- Invented least squares estimation methods
- Adolphe Quetelet (Belgian, 1796–1874)
- Pioneered the use of probability and statistics in the social sciences
- Francis Galton (English, 1822–1911)
- Invented the concepts of standard deviation, correlation, regression
- Karl Pearson (English, 1857–1936)
- Numerous innovations, including the development of the Pearson chi-squared test and the Pearson correlation
- Charles Spearman (English, 1863–1945)
- Extended the Pearson correlation coefficient to the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
- William Sealy Gosset (known as "Student") (English, 1876–1937)
- Discovered the Student t distribution and invented the Student's t-test
- Waloddi Weibull (Swedish, 1887–1979)
- Developed the Weibull distribution
- Ronald A. Fisher (English, 1890–1962)
- Invented the analysis of variance, introduced the method of maximum likelihood, the concept of sufficient statistics, Fisher information, and many theoretical concepts now a standard part of the basic curriculum
- Carlo Emilio Bonferroni (Italian, 1892–1960)
- Invented the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons
- Frank Wilcoxon (Irish, American, 1892–1965)
- Invented two statistical tests: Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test
- Jerzy Neyman (Polish, American, 1894–1981)
- Discovered the confidence interval and co-developed the Neyman-Pearson lemma
- W. Edwards Deming (American, 1900–1993)
- Developed methods for statistical quality control
- Egon Pearson (English, 1895–1980)
- Co-developed the Neyman-Pearson lemma of statistical hypothesis testing
- Maurice Kendall (English, 1907–1983)
- Co-developed methods for assessing statistical randomness; invented Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient
- John Wilder Tukey (American, 1915–2000)
- Jointly popularized Fast Fourier transformation, pioneer of exploratory data analysis and graphical presentation of data, developed the jackknife for variance estimation, invented the box plot.
- David Cox (English, 1924–)
- Developed the proportional hazards model for the analysis of survival data
- Bradley Efron (American, 1938–)
- Invented the bootstrap resampling technique for deriving an empirical distribution of an estimate of a model parameter
Founders of Departments of Statistics
| Year | University | Founder |
|---|---|---|
| 1911 | University College London | Karl Pearson |
| 1933 | Iowa State University | George W. Snedecor |
| 1941 | North Carolina State University | Gertrude Cox |
| 1947 | Department of Biometry and Statistics, Cornell University | Walter T. Federer |
| 1949 | School of Public Health, University of North Carolina | - |
| 1957 | Harvard University | W. G. Cochran, Frederick Mosteller |
| 1957 | University of Sydney | H.O. Lancaster |
| 1962 | Texas A&M University | Herman Otto Hartley |
| 1965 | Princeton University | John W Tukey |
| 1988 | University of Oxford | D. V. Hinkley |
See also
- List of statisticians
- History of statistics
- Timeline of probability and statistics
- Fathers of scientific fields
References
- "Thomas Bayes". Figures from the History of Probability and Statistics. University of Southampton.
- "Francis Galton". Figures from the History of Probability and Statistics. University of Southampton.
- "Sir Francis Galton F.R.S: 1822–1911".
- "Pearson, Karl". Statisticians in History. American Statistical Association.
- ^ "Karl Pearson (1857-1936)". Department of Statistical Science - University College London.
- "Karl Pearson". School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews. 2003.
- John Aldrich (2008). "Karl Pearson: A Reader's Guide". University of Southampton.
- Williams, RH, Zimmerman, DW, Zumbo, BD & Ross, D (2003). "Charles Spearman: British Behavioral Scientist". Human Nature Review. 3: 114–118.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - "William Sealy Gosset". Figures from the History of Probability and Statistics. University of Southampton.
- "Fisher, R.A." Statisticians in History. American Statistical Association.
- "R.A. Fisher". Figures from the History of Probability and Statistics. University of Southampton.
- "A Guide to R. A. Fisher".
- "Neyman, Jerzy". Statisticians in History. American Statistical Association.
- "Deming, W. Edwards". Statisticians in History. American Statistical Association.
- "Pearson, Egon S." Statisticians in History. American Statistical Association.
- Mccullagh, Peter (2003). "John Wilder Tukey. 16 June 1915 - 26 July 2000" (pdf). Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society (1955-2000). 49: 537. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2003.0032.
- Wermuth, Nanny; Anthony C. Davison; Dodge, Yadolah (2005). Celebrating Statistics: Papers in honour of Sir David Cox on his 80th birthday (Oxford Statistical Science Series). Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 0-19-856654-9. OCLC 185035518 228140765 60837753 62088309.
{{cite book}}: Check|oclc=value (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Casella, George (2003). "Introduction to the Silver Anniversary of the Bootstrap". Statistical Science. 18: 133. doi:10.1214/ss/1063994967.
- Kempthorne O. (1974). "George W. Snedecor". International Statistical Review. 42: 319–321.
- "Cox, Gertrude M." Statisticians in History. American Statistical Association.
- "Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology: History". Cornell University.
- Norman A. Cochran, Lloyd C. Wilkinson, John J. Furlow ; chapter headings by William Dean Buffington. (1982), Cochran, William G, American Statistical Association Statisticians in History, ISBN 0840326157, OCLC 8925014
{{citation}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Frederick Mostelller ; David L. Wallace (1984), Mosteller, Frederick, American Statistical Association Statisticians in History, ISBN 0387909915, OCLC 10726742 230808301
{{citation}}: Check|oclc=value (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - "Obituary: Emeritus Professor Henry Oliver Lancaster, AO FAA", The University of Sydney News, 2002
- Highlights, Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University
- Alexander Leitch (1978). "Statistics". A Princeton Companion. Princeton University Press.
- David Leonhardt (2000). "John Tukey, 85, Statistician; Coined the Word 'Software'". New York Times.
- Brief History of the Establishment of Statistics at Oxford
External links
- "Statisticians in History". American Statistical Association.
- "Life and Work of Statisticians". Department of Mathematics, University of York.
- John Aldrich. "Figures from the History of Probability and Statistics". University of Southampton.
- Lawrence H. Riddle. "Biographies of Women Mathematicians". Agnes Scott College.
