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{{Short description|Sri Lankan Tamil academic and politician}}
{{Infobox MP
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
| honorific-prefix = <small>]</small><br>
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = K. P. Ratnam
| honorific-suffix = <br><small>]</small> |honorific-prefix = ]
| image = K P Ratnam.jpg |name = K. P. Ratnam
|native_name = கா. பொ. இரத்தினம்
| constituency_MP = ]
|native_name_lang = ta
| parliament = Ceylonese
|honorific-suffix = ]
| majority =
|image = K P Ratnam.jpg
| predecessor = A. Sivasunderam, ]
|imagesize =
| successor = ], ]
|constituency_MP1 = ]
| term_start = 1965
|parliament1 = Ceylonese
| term_end = 1970
|majority1 =
| constituency_MP2 = ]
|term_start1 = 1965
| parliament2 = Ceylonese
|term_end1 = 1970
| majority2 =
|predecessor1 = ]
| predecessor2 = ], ]
|successor1 = ]
| successor2 =
|constituency_MP2 = ]
| term_start2 = 1970
|parliament2 = Ceylonese
| term_end2 = 1983
|majority2 =
| birth_name =
|term_start2 = 1970
| birth_date = {{birth date|1914|03|10|df=yes}}
|term_end2 = 1983
| birth_place = ], ]{{what|date=December 2011}}
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| death_date = {{death date and age|2010|12|20|1914|03|10|df=yes}}
|successor2 =
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|birth_date = {{Birth date|1914|03|10|df=yes}}
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| profession = Academic
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| blank1= Ethnicity
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'''Kaarthigesar Ponnambalam Ratnam''' was a ] politician and ]. '''Kaarthigesar Ponnambalam Ratnam''' ({{langx|ta|கார்த்திகேசு பொன்னம்பலம் இரத்தினம்}}; 10 March 1914 &ndash; 20 December 2010) was a ] academic, politician and ].


==Early life== ==Early life and family==
Ratnam was born on 10 March 1914 in ] on the island of ] in northern ].<ref name=Arumugam>{{cite book|last=Arumugam|first=S.|title=Dictionary of Biography of the Tamils of Ceylon|url=http://www.noolaham.org/index.php?title=Dictionary_of_Biography_of_the_Tamils_of_Ceylon|year=1997|page=164|author-link=S. Arumugam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Directory of Past Members: Ratnam, Kathigesar Ponnambalam|url=http://www.parliament.lk/en/members-of-parliament/directory-of-past-members/viewMember/2608|publisher=]}}</ref> He was educated at Velanai Anglo-Vernacular School and ].<ref name=Sangam>{{cite web|last1=Sri Kantha|first1=Sachi|author-link1=Sachi Sri Kantha|title=Tamil Pundit Kartigesu Ponnambalam Ratnam (1914-2010)|url=http://sangam.org/2011/01/KP_Ratnam.php?uid=4190|publisher=Ilankai Tamil Sangam|date=3 January 2011}}</ref> He excelled in ] and ] at school.<ref name=Arumugam/> He became a ] in 1933 and ] in 1942.<ref name=Arumugam/>
Ratnam was born on 10 March 1914 in ] on the island of ] in northern ]{{what|date=December 2011}}. He excelled in ] and ] at school. He became a ] in 1933 and ] in 1942. He joined the academic profession, becoming an assistant master at Kopay Teacher Training College in 1941. In 1943 he was appointed Inspector of Schools. Between 1945 and 1956 he was a lecturer in Tamil at Maharagama Training College. Later he spent eight years as a research officer in the Official Languages Department in ]. He then served as lecturer in Indian Studies at the ].


Ratnam was awarded ] (]) degree from the ] in 1945. He later received a Bachelor of Oriental Languages and ] (1952) from the ]. Ratnam was awarded ] (]) degree from the ] in 1945.<ref name=Arumugam/><ref name=TN221210>{{cite news|title=Veteran Tamil scholar, politician Kaa. Po. Ratnam passes away|url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=33262|work=]|date=22 December 2010}}</ref> He later received a Bachelor of Oriental Languages degree and ] (1952) degree from the ] in India.<ref name=Arumugam/><ref name=TN221210/>


Ratnam married Sinthamany, daughter of P. Vaitilingam. They had a son - S. Nimalan. Ratnam married Sinthamany, daughter of P. Vaitilingam.<ref name=Arumugam/> They had a son - S. Nimalan.<ref name=Arumugam/>


==Career==
==Political career==
Ratnam joined the teaching profession and served as headmaster of the Moolai Senior Secondary School between 1934 and 1940.<ref name=Sangam/> He became assistant master at Kopay Teacher Training College in 1941.<ref name=Arumugam/> In 1942 he was appointed Inspector of Schools.<ref name=Sangam/> Between 1943 and 1956 he was a lecturer in Tamil at Maharagama Training College.<ref name=Sangam/> Later he spent eight years as a research officer in the Official Languages Department in ].<ref name=Arumugam/><ref name=TN221210/> He was a visiting lecturer at Navalar Hall, Colombo from 1958 to 1963.<ref name=Sangam/> He then joined the ] in 1964 as lecturer in Indian Studies.<ref name=Arumugam/>
After retirement Ratnam entered politics, joining the ] (Federal Party). He was ITAK's candidate for ] at the ]. He won the election and entered ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/Results_1965%20GENERAL%20ELECTION.PDF|title=Result of Parliamentary General Election 1965|publisher=Department of Elections, Sri Lanka}}</ref> He was ITAK's candidate for ] at the ] which he won.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/Results_1970%20GENERAL%20ELECTION.PDF|title=Result of Parliamentary General Election 1970|publisher=Department of Elections, Sri Lanka}}</ref> In 1972 the ITAK, ] and others formed the ] (later renamed ]). Ratnam was the TULF's candidate in Kayts at the ] which he won.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/General%20Election%201977.PDF|title=Result of Parliamentary General Election 1977|publisher=Department of Elections, Sri Lanka}}</ref> Ratnam and all other TULF MPs boycotted Parliament from the middle of 1983 for a number of reasons: they were under pressure from ] not to stay in Parliament beyond their normal six-year term; the Sixth Amendment to the ] required them to swear an oath unconditionally renouncing support for a ]; and the ] riots in which up to 3,000 Tamils were murdered by ] mobs. After three months of absence, Ratnam forfeited his seat in Parliament on 22 October 1983.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wickramasinghe|first=Wimal|title=Saga of crossovers, expulsions and resignations etc. Referendum for extention of Parliament|url=http://www.island.lk/2008/01/18/features11.html|newspaper=The Island, Sri Lanka|date=18 January 2008}}</ref>

After retirement Ratnam entered politics.<ref name=Arumugam/> He stood as the candidate of ] (ITAK), commonly known as Federal Party, in ] at the ]. He won the election and entered ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/Results_1965%20GENERAL%20ELECTION.PDF |title=Result of Parliamentary General Election 1965 |publisher=Department of Elections, Sri Lanka |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713003440/http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/Results_1965%20GENERAL%20ELECTION.PDF |archive-date=2015-07-13 }}</ref> He stood as ITAK's candidate in ] at the ]. He won the election and re-entered Parliament.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/Results_1970%20GENERAL%20ELECTION.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091209231958/http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/Results_1970%20GENERAL%20ELECTION.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-12-09 |title=Result of Parliamentary General Election 1970 |publisher=Department of Elections, Sri Lanka }}</ref>

On 14 May 1972 the ITAK, ], ], Eelath Thamilar Otrumai Munnani and All Ceylon Tamil Conference formed the ], later renamed ] (TULF).<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Ross|editor1-first=Russell R.|editor2-last=Savada|editor2-first=Andrea Matles|title=Sri Lanka : A Country Study|date=1990|publisher=]|page=51|url=http://cdn.loc.gov/master/frd/frdcstdy/sr/srilankacountrys00ross/srilankacountrys00ross.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Chattopadhyaya|first1=Haraprasad|title=Ethnic Unrest in Modern Sri Lanka: An Account of Tamil-Sinhalese Race Relations|date=1994|publisher=M. D. Publications|isbn=81-85880-52-2|page=33|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MRU6QKPBTFQC}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Amarasinghe|first1=Samanga|title=Independence to Referendum|date=2011|publisher=Lulu Enterprises|isbn=978-1-105-01908-1|page=188|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iV6AAwAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Rajasingham|first=K. T.|title=Sri Lanka: The Untold Story|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DA19Df06.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020213084644/http://atimes.com/ind-pak/DA19Df06.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2002-02-13|chapter=Chapter 23: Srimavo's constitutional promiscuity}}</ref> On 21 May 1976 Ratnam was delivering leaflets along with other leading Tamil politicians (], ], ] and ]) when they were all arrested on government orders.<ref name=SL090602>{{cite news|last1=Jeyaraj|first1=D. B. S.|author-link1=|title=Life and times of Sivasithamparam|url=http://www.thesundayleader.lk/archive/20020609/issues.htm|work=]|date=9 June 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Rajasingham |first1=K. T. |title=Amirthalingham Era – A book review |url=http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2005/08/26/amirthalingham-era-%E2%80%93-book-review |work=] |date=26 August 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327120243/http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2005/08/26/amirthalingham-era-%E2%80%93-book-review |archive-date=27 March 2016 }}</ref> Sivasithamparam was released but the others were taken to Colombo and tried for ].<ref name=SL090602/> All the defendants were acquitted on 10 February 1977 after a famous ] case in which around 70 leading Tamil lawyers, including S. J. V. Chelvanayakam and ], represented the defence.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sumanthiran|first1=M. A.|author-link1=M. A. Sumanthiran|title=13A: To be or not ...|url=http://www.ceylontoday.lk/78-15546-news-detail-13a-to-be-or-not-.html|work=]|date=28 October 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329181215/http://www.ceylontoday.lk/78-15546-news-detail-13a-to-be-or-not-.html|archive-date=29 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Rajasingham|first=K. T.|title=Sri Lanka: The Untold Story|url=http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DA26Df04.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020213090010/http://www.atimes.com/ind-pak/DA26Df04.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2002-02-13|chapter=Chapter 24: Tamil militancy - a manifestation}}</ref>

Ratnam was the TULF's candidate in Kayts at the ] and was re-elected.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/General%20Election%201977.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717002624/http://www.slelections.gov.lk/pdf/General%20Election%201977.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-07-17 |title=Result of Parliamentary General Election 1977 |publisher=Department of Elections, Sri Lanka }}</ref> Ratnam and all other TULF MPs boycotted Parliament from the middle of 1983 for a number of reasons: they were under pressure from ] not to stay in Parliament beyond their normal six-year term; the Sixth Amendment to the ] required them to swear an oath unconditionally renouncing support for a ]; and the ] riots in which up to 3,000 Tamils were killed by ] mobs. After three months of absence, Ratnam forfeited his seat in Parliament on 22 October 1983.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wickramasinghe|first=Wimal|title=Saga of crossovers, expulsions and resignations etc. Referendum for {{sic|exten|tion|nolink=y}} of Parliament|url=http://www.island.lk/2008/01/18/features11.html|newspaper=]|date=18 January 2008}}{{Dead link|date=June 2024}}</ref>


==Later life== ==Later life==
Ratnam was president of Colombo Tamil Sangam (1958–61), Ulaka Tamil Marai Kallakam and editor of the ''Tamil World'' (1965).<ref name=Arumugam/><ref name=Sangam/> He was also a vice-president of the TULF.<ref name=Arumugam/> He represented the All Ceylon Tamil Writers’ Association at the Asian Writers’ Conference held in 1957 in New Delhi; attended the 25th International Congress of Orientalists held in Moscow in 1960; and the 26th Congress of Orientalists held in New Delhi in 1964.<ref name=Sangam/> He has written more than 12 books and contributed numerous articles on literary and cultural topics.<ref name=Sangam/>
Ratnamn moved to ] in 1985 . He returned to ] in 2003 and lived with his children in ], ]. He was president of Colombo Tamil Sangam and Ulaka Tamil Marai Kallakam. He was also a vice-president of the Tamil United Liberation Front.


Ratnam died on 20 December 2010 at his home.<ref>{{cite news|title=Obituaries|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2010/12/21/main_Obituaries.asp|newspaper=Daily News, Sri Lanka|date=21 December 2010}}</ref> Ratnam moved to ] in 1985.<ref name=TN221210/> He returned to ] in 2003 and lived with his children in ], ].<ref name=TN221210/> He died on 20 December 2010 at his home in Colombo.<ref name=TN221210/><ref>{{cite news|title=Obituaries|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2010/12/21/main_Obituaries.asp|newspaper=]|date=21 December 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225025128/http://www.dailynews.lk/2010/12/21/main_Obituaries.asp|archive-date=25 December 2010}}</ref>

==Works==
* ''Thavaram Illai'' (1948)
* ''Ilankayil Inpath Tamil'' (1956)
* ''Nootandugalil Tamil'' (1961)


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book|last=Arumugam|first=S.|title=Dictionary of Biography of the Tamils of Ceylon|year=1997|page=164}}
* {{cite news|title=Veteran Tamil scholar, politician Kaa. Po. Ratnam passes away|url=http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=33262|newspaper=]|date=22 December 2010}}
{{reflist}}


{{Members of 6th Parliament of Ceylon}} {{Members of 6th Parliament of Ceylon}}
{{Members of 7th Parliament of Ceylon}} {{Members of 7th Parliament of Ceylon}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
| NAME = Ratnam, K. P.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 10 March 1914
| PLACE OF BIRTH = ], ]
| DATE OF DEATH = 20 December 2010
| PLACE OF DEATH = ], ]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ratnam, K. P.}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ratnam, K. P.}}

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Latest revision as of 06:49, 12 January 2025

Sri Lankan Tamil academic and politician

Hon.K. P. RatnamMP
கா. பொ. இரத்தினம்
Member of the Ceylonese Parliament
for Kilinochchi
In office
1965–1970
Preceded byA. Sivasunderam
Succeeded byV. Anandasangaree
Member of the Ceylonese Parliament
for Kayts
In office
1970–1983
Preceded byV. Navaratnam
Personal details
Born(1914-03-10)10 March 1914
Velanai, Ceylon
Died20 December 2010(2010-12-20) (aged 96)
Colombo, Sri Lanka
Political partyIllankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi
Other political
affiliations		Tamil United Liberation Front
Alma materUniversity of London
University of Madras
ProfessionAcademic

Kaarthigesar Ponnambalam Ratnam (Tamil: கார்த்திகேசு பொன்னம்பலம் இரத்தினம்; 10 March 1914 – 20 December 2010) was a Sri Lankan Tamil academic, politician and Member of Parliament.

Early life and family

Ratnam was born on 10 March 1914 in Velanai on the island of Kayts in northern Ceylon. He was educated at Velanai Anglo-Vernacular School and Union College, Tellippalai. He excelled in Tamil language and Tamil literature at school. He became a pundit in 1933 and vidvan in 1942.

Ratnam was awarded BA (Hons) degree from the University of London in 1945. He later received a Bachelor of Oriental Languages degree and MA (1952) degree from the University of Madras in India.

Ratnam married Sinthamany, daughter of P. Vaitilingam. They had a son - S. Nimalan.

Career

Ratnam joined the teaching profession and served as headmaster of the Moolai Senior Secondary School between 1934 and 1940. He became assistant master at Kopay Teacher Training College in 1941. In 1942 he was appointed Inspector of Schools. Between 1943 and 1956 he was a lecturer in Tamil at Maharagama Training College. Later he spent eight years as a research officer in the Official Languages Department in Colombo. He was a visiting lecturer at Navalar Hall, Colombo from 1958 to 1963. He then joined the University of Malaya in 1964 as lecturer in Indian Studies.

After retirement Ratnam entered politics. He stood as the candidate of Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (ITAK), commonly known as Federal Party, in Kilinochchi at the 1965 parliamentary election. He won the election and entered Parliament. He stood as ITAK's candidate in Kayts at the 1970 parliamentary election. He won the election and re-entered Parliament.

On 14 May 1972 the ITAK, All Ceylon Tamil Congress, Ceylon Workers' Congress, Eelath Thamilar Otrumai Munnani and All Ceylon Tamil Conference formed the Tamil United Front, later renamed Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF). On 21 May 1976 Ratnam was delivering leaflets along with other leading Tamil politicians (A. Amirthalingam, V. N. Navaratnam, M. Sivasithamparam and K. Thurairatnam) when they were all arrested on government orders. Sivasithamparam was released but the others were taken to Colombo and tried for sedition. All the defendants were acquitted on 10 February 1977 after a famous trial at bar case in which around 70 leading Tamil lawyers, including S. J. V. Chelvanayakam and G. G. Ponnambalam, represented the defence.

Ratnam was the TULF's candidate in Kayts at the 1977 parliamentary election and was re-elected. Ratnam and all other TULF MPs boycotted Parliament from the middle of 1983 for a number of reasons: they were under pressure from Sri Lankan Tamil militants not to stay in Parliament beyond their normal six-year term; the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka required them to swear an oath unconditionally renouncing support for a separate state; and the Black July riots in which up to 3,000 Tamils were killed by Sinhalese mobs. After three months of absence, Ratnam forfeited his seat in Parliament on 22 October 1983.

Later life

Ratnam was president of Colombo Tamil Sangam (1958–61), Ulaka Tamil Marai Kallakam and editor of the Tamil World (1965). He was also a vice-president of the TULF. He represented the All Ceylon Tamil Writers’ Association at the Asian Writers’ Conference held in 1957 in New Delhi; attended the 25th International Congress of Orientalists held in Moscow in 1960; and the 26th Congress of Orientalists held in New Delhi in 1964. He has written more than 12 books and contributed numerous articles on literary and cultural topics.

Ratnam moved to India in 1985. He returned to Sri Lanka in 2003 and lived with his children in Wellawatte, Colombo. He died on 20 December 2010 at his home in Colombo.

Works

  • Thavaram Illai (1948)
  • Ilankayil Inpath Tamil (1956)
  • Nootandugalil Tamil (1961)

References

  1. ^ Arumugam, S. (1997). Dictionary of Biography of the Tamils of Ceylon. p. 164.
  2. "Directory of Past Members: Ratnam, Kathigesar Ponnambalam". Parliament of Sri Lanka.
  3. ^ Sri Kantha, Sachi (3 January 2011). "Tamil Pundit Kartigesu Ponnambalam Ratnam (1914-2010)". Ilankai Tamil Sangam.
  4. ^ "Veteran Tamil scholar, politician Kaa. Po. Ratnam passes away". TamilNet. 22 December 2010.
  5. "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1965" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2015.
  6. "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1970" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 December 2009.
  7. Ross, Russell R.; Savada, Andrea Matles, eds. (1990). Sri Lanka : A Country Study (PDF). Library of Congress. p. 51.
  8. Chattopadhyaya, Haraprasad (1994). Ethnic Unrest in Modern Sri Lanka: An Account of Tamil-Sinhalese Race Relations. M. D. Publications. p. 33. ISBN 81-85880-52-2.
  9. Amarasinghe, Samanga (2011). Independence to Referendum. Lulu Enterprises. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-105-01908-1.
  10. Rajasingham, K. T. "Chapter 23: Srimavo's constitutional promiscuity". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story. Archived from the original on 13 February 2002.
  11. ^ Jeyaraj, D. B. S. (9 June 2002). "Life and times of Sivasithamparam". The Sunday Leader.
  12. Rajasingham, K. T. (26 August 2005). "Amirthalingham Era – A book review". Asian Tribune. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016.
  13. Sumanthiran, M. A. (28 October 2012). "13A: To be or not ..." Ceylon Today. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016.
  14. Rajasingham, K. T. "Chapter 24: Tamil militancy - a manifestation". Sri Lanka: The Untold Story. Archived from the original on 13 February 2002.
  15. "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1977" (PDF). Department of Elections, Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2011.
  16. Wickramasinghe, Wimal (18 January 2008). "Saga of crossovers, expulsions and resignations etc. Referendum for extention [sic] of Parliament". The Island (Sri Lanka).
  17. "Obituaries". Daily News (Sri Lanka). 21 December 2010. Archived from the original on 25 December 2010.
← Members of the 6th Parliament of Ceylon (1965 (1965)–1970) →
Central Province (23)
Eastern Province (11)
Northern Province (13)
North Central Province (8)
North Western Province (16)
Sabaragamuwa Province (17)
Southern Province (19)
Uva Province (10)
Western Province (35)
Appointed (6)
← Members of the 7th Parliament of Sri Lanka (1970 (1970)–1977) →
Central Province (23)
Eastern Province (11)
Northern Province (13)
North Central Province (8)
North Western Province (16)
Sabaragamuwa Province (16)
Southern Province (19)
Uva Province (10)
Western Province (35)
Appointed (6)

*Appointed MPs were abolished in 1972 by the First Republican Constitution

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