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{{Short description|City in Macedonia, Greece}}
{{hatnote|For other uses of Veria and Beroea see ].}}
{{Redirect|Beroia|the ancient city|Beroea|the other ancient city of this name|Aleppo}}

{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox Greek Dimos {{Infobox Greek Dimos
|name = Veria / Veroia |name = Veria
|name_local = Βέροια |name_local = Βέροια
|type = municipality
|image_map = 2011 Dimos Verias.png |image_map = 2011 Dimos Verias.png
|periph = ] |periph = ]
|periphunit = ] |periphunit = ]
|pop_municipality = 66547 |pop_municipality = 62655
|area_municipality = 791.4 |area_municipality = 796.5
|pop_municunit = 48306 |pop_municunit = 46976
|area_municunit = 359.1
|population_as_of = 2011
|population_as_of = 2021
|elevation = 128 |elevation = 128
|coordinates = {{coord|40|31|N|22|12|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|lat_deg = 40
|lat_min = 31 |postal_code = 591 31, 591 32
|lon_deg = 22
|lon_min = 12
|postal_code = 591 00
|area_code = 2331 |area_code = 2331
|licence = ΗΜ |licence = ΗΜ
|mayor = Charoula Ousoultzoglou-Georgiadi
|website = |website =
|image_skyline = Panoramic view of Veria - 2014.JPG |image_skyline = Panoramic view of Veria - 2014.JPG
Line 26: Line 25:
|city_seal = Veria Logo.png |city_seal = Veria Logo.png
|districts = |districts =
|mayor = Konstantinos Vorgiazidis<ref name=mayor>{{Cite web |url=https://ekloges.ypes.gr/current/d/home/en/municipalities/9024/ |title=Municipality of Veria, Municipal elections{{snd}}October 2023 |publisher=]}}</ref>
|party = |party =
|since = |since = 2014
|footnotes = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
|elevation_min =
|elevation_max = | child = yes
| official_name = Archaeological Site of ]
| includes = {{flatlist|
#Ancient City and Necropolis of Aegae
#Bronze Age settlement and Cemetery of Tumuli
}} }}
| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(i)(iii)}}(i)(iii)
| ID = 780
| year = 1996
| area = {{convert|1,420.81|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
| buffer_zone = {{convert|4,811.73|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
}}
}}
]
'''Veria''' ({{langx|el|Βέροια or Βέρροια|Véroia or Vérroia}}; {{langx|rup|Veria}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://old.rri.ro/arh-art.shtml?lang=4&sec=348&art=209832|title=Agenda aromână Retrospectiva 2011 II – 12.ian.10|first=Hristu|last=Sterghiu|publisher=]|date=10 January 2012|language=rup}}</ref>), officially transliterated '''Veroia''', historically also spelled '''Beroea''' or '''Berea''',<ref>{{Cite DGRG|title=Berœa}}</ref> is a city in ], in the ] of ], northern ], capital of the regional unit of ]. It is located {{convert|511|km|0|abbr=off}} north-northwest of the capital ] and {{convert|73|km|0|abbr=on}} west-southwest of ].


Even by the standards of Greece, Veria is an old city; first mentioned in the writings of ] in 432 BC, there is evidence that it was populated as early as 1000 BC.<ref>veria.gr {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080306095755/http://www.veria.gr/content/view/79/23/ |date=March 6, 2008 }} accessed June 1, 2008.</ref> Veria was an important possession for ] (father of ]) and later for the ]. ] famously preached in the city, and its inhabitants were among the first Christians in the Empire. Later, under the ] and ] empires, Veria was a center of Greek culture and learning. Today Veria is a commercial center of ], the capital of the ] of ] and the seat of a ] Metropolitan bishop in the ], as well as a Latin Catholic ].
'''Veria''' (officially transliterated as '''Veroia''', ] '''Βέροια''' or ''Βέρροια''), historically also spelled ''']''', is a city in northern ], located {{convert|511|km|0|abbr=off}} north-northwest of the capital ] and {{convert|73|km|0|abbr=on}} west-southwest of ].


The extensive archaeological site of ] (ancient ], the first capital of ]), a ] containing the tomb of ], lies {{convert|12|km|abbr=on}} south-east of the city center of Veria.
Even by the standards of Greece, Veria is an old city; first mentioned in the writings of ] in 432 BC, there is evidence that it was populated as early as 1,000 BC.<ref name="">veria.gr accessed June 1, 2008.</ref> Veria was an important possession for ] (father of ]) and later for the ]. ] famously preached in the city, and its inhabitants were among the first Christians in the Empire. Later, under the ] and ] empires, Veria was a center of Greek culture and learning. Today Veria is a commercial center of Central ], the capital of the ] of ] and the seat of a metropolitan bishop of the ] and the ].


==History== == History ==
]. Veria has a ] community since ancient times]]
]
]
]


===Classical and Roman Veria===
The city is reputed to have been named by its mythical creator Beres - Pheres or from the daughter of the king of Berroia who is the thought to be the son of Macedon. The ] made it their second most important city after Pella. Part of the Kingdom of ], it surrendered to ] in 168. During the Roman empire, Veria became a place of worship for the Romans. ] made the large and populous city one of two capitals of the Roman Province of Macedonia. Within the city there was a Jewish settlement where ]<ref name="">(greek) hellasportal.gr,, accessed June 1, 2008.</ref> preached after leaving Thessalonica (Acts 17:10-15). The Apostle ] and his companion ] preached to the Jewish and Greek communities of the city in AD 50/51 or 54/55 (see ]). Said section provides:
{{Main| Beroea}}
]. Veria had a significant Jewish community until its deportation in ]]]


The city is reputed to have been named by its ]ical creator Beres (also spelled Pheres) or from the daughter of the king of Berroia who was thought to be the son of ]. Veria enjoyed great prosperity under the kings of the ] (whose most famous member was ]) who made it their second most important city after ];{{citation needed|date=January 2025}} the city reached the height of its glory and influence in the ], during the reign of the ]. During this time, Veria became the seat of the ] (Κοινόν Μακεδόνων), minted its own ]age and held sports games named ''Alexandreia'', in honor of Alexander the Great, with ]s from all over ] competing in them.<ref>Λούκιος ή Όνος 34.15–17</ref>
'10 As soon as it was night, the brothers sent Paul and Silas away to Berea. On arriving there, they went to the Jewish synagogue. 11Now the Bereans were of more noble character than the Thessalonians, for they received the message with great eagerness and examined the Scriptures every day to see if what Paul said was true. 12Many of the Jews believed, as did also a number of prominent Greek women and many Greek men.
13 When the Jews in Thessalonica learned that Paul was preaching the word of God at Berea, they went there too, agitating the crowds and stirring them up. 14 The brothers immediately sent Paul to the coast, but Silas and Timothy stayed at Berea. 15 The men who escorted Paul brought him to Athens and then left with instructions for Silas and Timothy to join him as soon as possible."


Veria surrendered to ] in 168 BC. During the ], Veria became a place of worship for the Romans. ] made the large and populous city one of two capitals of the ] of ], eponymous in the civil ]. Within the city there was a ] settlement where ],<ref>(greek) hellasportal.gr,{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, accessed June 1, 2008.</ref> after leaving ], and his companion ] preached to the Jewish and Greek communities of the city in AD 50/51 or 54/55. The ] records:
{{further| Berea (Bible)|Bereans}}

{{quotation|As soon as it was night, the brothers sent Paul and Silas away to Berea. On arriving there, they went to the Jewish synagogue. Now the Bereans were of more noble character than the Thessalonians, for they received the message with great eagerness and examined the Scriptures every day to see if what Paul said was true. Many of the Jews believed, as did also a number of prominent Greek women and many Greek men. When the Jews in Thessalonica learned that Paul was preaching the word of God at Berea, they went there too, agitating the crowds and stirring them up. The brothers immediately sent Paul to the coast, but Silas and Timothy stayed at Berea. The men who escorted Paul brought him to Athens and then left with instructions for Silas and Timothy to join him as soon as possible.|'']'' 17:10–15}}

==== Recent Discoveries ====
In December 2021, archaeologists announced the discovery of an unfinished Roman-era statue of a young athletic man at Agios Patapios. The headless ] statue is about three feet tall. According to the Greece's Culture Ministry, the sculpture has similarities to statues of the Greek gods ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Unfinished Roman-era statue found in old Macedonian capital Veria|url=https://www.jpost.com/archaeology/article-689973|access-date=2022-02-19|website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Άγαλμα των αυτοκρατορικών χρόνων αποκαλύφθηκε σε σωστική ανασκαφή στο κέντρο της Βέροιας|url=https://www.culture.gov.gr/el/Information/SitePages/view.aspx?nID=4051|access-date=2022-02-19|website=www.culture.gov.gr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Unfinished Sculpture Discovered at Agios Patapios – Archaeology Magazine|url=https://www.archaeology.org/news/10261-220103-macedonia-unfinished-sculpture|access-date=2022-02-19|website=www.archaeology.org}}</ref>

===Byzantine Veria===
]
]]]
]

Under the ] Berrhoea continued to grow and prosper, developing a large and well-educated commercial class (Greek and Jewish) and becoming a center of medieval Greek learning; signs of this prosperity are reflected in the many Byzantine churches that were built at this time, during which it was a ] ] (see below).

]]]

In the 7th century, the ] tribe of the ] raided the lowlands below the city, while in the late 8th century Empress ] is said to have rebuilt and expanded the city and named it '''Irenopolis''' (Ειρηνούπολις) after herself, although some sources place this Berrhoea-Irenopolis further east, towards ].<ref name="ODB">{{ODB | last1 = Gregory | first1 = Timothy E. | last2 = Ševčenko | first2 = Nancy Patterson | title = Berroia in Macedonia | pages = 283–284 }}</ref>

The city was apparently held by the ] at some point in the late 9th century. The 11th-century Greek bishop ] wrote that during the brief period of Bulgarian dominance, Tsar ] built there one of the seven ] churches built by him and refers to it as "one of the beautiful Bulgarian churches".<ref>Migne, Jacques Paul. Patrologia Graeca, t. 126, col. 529.</ref> In the '']'' of {{circa|975}}, the city is mentioned as the seat of a '']'', and it apparently was the capital of a ] in the 11th century.<ref name="ODB"/> The city briefly fell to Tsar ] at the end of the 10th century, but the ] ] quickly regained it in 1001 since its Bulgarian governor, Dobromir, surrendered the city without a fight.<ref name="ODB"/> The city is not mentioned again until the late 12th century, when it was briefly held by the ] (1185) during their invasion of the Byzantine Empire.<ref name="ODB"/>

After the ] (1204), it briefly became part of ]'s ], and a Latin bishop took up residence in the city.<ref name="Nicol">{{cite book | last = Nicol | first = Donald MacGillivray | author-link = Donald Nicol | chapter = Refugees, Mixed Population and Local Patriotism in Epiros and Western Macedonia after the Fourth Crusade | title = XVe Congrès international d'études byzantines (Athènes, 1976), Rapports et corapports I | location = Athens | year = 1976 | pages = 3–33}}</ref> In {{circa|1206}}, the city was taken by the Bulgarian ruler, ]. Many inhabitants were killed while others, including the Latin bishop, fled. Kalojan installed Bulgarians as commandant and bishop, and resettled some of the leading families to Bulgaria.<ref name="Nicol"/> After Kalojan's death in 1207, the city may have reverted to Latin rule, but there is no evidence of this; at any rate, by 1220 it had been occupied by the ruler of ], ], for in that year the '']'' Constantine Pegonites is attested as governing the city in his name.<ref name="Nicol"/> It changed hands again in 1246, being taken by the ] ], and formed part of the restored Byzantine Empire after 1261.<ref name="ODB"/>

The 14th century was tumultuous: the area was pillaged by ] Turks in 1331,<ref name="EI2">{{EI2 | volume = 4 | last = Ménage | first = V. L. | title = Karaferye | pages = 600–601}}</ref> and captured by the ] ruler ] in 1343/4, when it became part of his ]. It was recovered for Byzantium by ] in 1350, but lost again to the Serbians soon after, becoming the domain of ] after 1358.<ref name="ODB"/> With the ] of the Serbian Empire, it passed once more to Byzantium by ca. 1375, but was henceforth menaced by the rising power of the ].<ref name="ODB"/>

According to a tradition preserved by ], the two younger sons of the ] sultan ] were settled by Emperor ] in Veria, and made its governors. One of their descendants converted to Christianity, and one of his progeny, a certain Lyzikos, in turn surrendered the city to the Ottoman Sultan (perhaps ]). After the Ottoman conquest he and his relatives were settled at ]. This story explains the presence of ] in Veria and its environs.<ref name="EI2"/> The Ottoman chroniclers report that the town was first captured in 1385, while the Byzantine short chronicles record the date as 8 May 1387.<ref name="EI2"/> The city changed hands several times over the next decades, until the final Turkish conquest around 1430.<ref name="ODB"/>

===Ottoman Veria===
]]]

The Ottomans called Veria ''Karaferye'' ("black Veria"), because of its characteristic morning mist during the humid winter seasons.<ref> Municipality of Veria</ref><ref name="EI2"/> In 1519 (] 925) the town had 231 Muslim and 578 Christian households.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=GÖKBİLGİN |first=M. TAYYİB |date=1956 |title=KANUNÎ SULTAN SÜLEYMAN DEVRİ BAŞLARINDA RUMELİ EYALETİ, LİVALARI, ŞEHİR VE KASABALARI |url=https://belleten.gov.tr/tam-metin-pdf/1214/tur |journal=Belleten |volume=20 |issue=78 |page=264 |issn=0041-4255 |eissn=2791-6472 }}</ref> Under Ottoman rule, Veria was the seat of a ] within the ]; by 1885, the kaza, along with ], included 46 villages and ].<ref name="EI2"/> The 17th-century traveller ] reports that the city was peaceful, without walls or garrison; it had 4000 houses, 16 Muslim quarters, 15 Christian quarters, and 2 Jewish congregations. The city was a prosperous center of rice production.<ref name="EI2"/>

According to the 1881/82-1893 Ottoman General Census, the ] of Veria (Karaferiye) had a total population of 25,034, consisting of 15,103 ], 7,325 Muslims, 2,174 ], 393 ], and 39 foreign citizens.<ref>] (1985), , ], p. 134-135</ref> Veria was an important regional center of Greek commerce and learning, and counted many important Greek scholars as its natives (e.g. ])

]

=== Modern Veria ===
The presence of a large, prosperous and educated ] made Veria one of the centers of Greek nationalism in the region of Macedonia, and the city's inhabitants had an active part in the ]; important military leaders during the uprising included Athanasios Syropoulos, Georgios Syropoulos, Dimitrios Kolemis and Georgios Kolemis, among others;<ref>{{dead link|date=July 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> however, as was the case with the rest of Northern Greece, eventually the uprising was defeated, and Veria only became part of modern Greece in 1912 during the ], when it was taken by the ] on October 16, 1912 (October 16 is an official holiday in Veria, commemorating the city's incorporation to Greece), and was officially annexed to Greece following the signing of the ] in November 1913.<ref name="EI2"/>

]

====World War II====
During ], Veria was under Nazi occupation between 1941 and 1944. An important resistance movement developed in the city, with the left-wing ] gaining the sympathy of the inhabitants; the people of Veria took part in resistance activities, such as sabotaging the railway, assassinating ] members, and burning Nazi war material. The town asked Prokopis Kambitoglou to become the Mayor of Veria during the occupation.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} His role in attempting to mitigate the oppression of the Germans was rewarded after the war by the award of the Order of the Phoenix in recognition of his efforts.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

During the Occupation almost all of the Jewish community of the city was deported and exterminated by the Nazis.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://kis.gr/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=372&Itemid=117 | title=VEROIA }}</ref>

]

====Postwar====
Postwar Veria saw a significant rise in population, and a greatly improved standard of living. The 1980s and 1990s in particular were a period of prosperity, with the agricultural businesses and cooperatives in the fertile plains around Veria successfully exporting their products in Europe, the US and Asia. The discovery of the tomb of ] in the nearby archaeological site of ] (ancient Aegae, the summer capital of the ] of ], now a ]), also made Veria a tourist destination.

Veria has a significant immigrant population, mainly from countries of Central and Eastern Europe.

== Ecclesiastical history ==
Berrhoea was a ] of the ], in the sway of the ].
The names of five of its ]s appear in extant contemporary documents:
*Gerontius took part in the ] ({{circa|344}}),
*Lucas in the ] (449),
*Sebastian in the ] (451),
*Timothy in ] convoked by ] in 536, and
*Joseph in the ] that condemned ].<ref>Michel Lequien, , Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 69–74</ref><ref>Raymond Janin, v. ''1. Berrhée'' in , vol. VIII, 1935, coll. 885–887</ref>

The Byzantine emperor ] promoted the local see to an ] after 1261, and it advanced further to the rank of a ] by 1300.<ref name="ODB"/>
=== Latin titular see ===
The diocese of Berrhoea was nominally restored in 1933 by the ] as the ] of ''Berrhœa'' (Latin) / ''Berrea'' (Curiate Italian).<ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), p. 838</ref>

It has been vacant for decades, having the following incumbents:
* Cardinal ] (Italian) (1962.04.05 – 1962.04.20)
* Pierre-Auguste–Marie–Joseph Douillard (1963.05.22 – 1963.08.20) as emeritate
* Federico Kaiser Depel, ] (1963.10.29 – death 1993.09.26)

== Local government — municipality ==
The municipality Veria was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 5 former municipalities, that became municipal units:<ref name=Kallikratis>{{Cite web|url=http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL8-SrPzKAEPjjtIl9LGdkF53UIxsx942CdyqxSQYNuqAGCF0IfB9HI6hq6ZkZV96FIukI0UzcPsWCK0LpLhpa7rhiWB4R5ntTnoWw7U8E1Amg.|title=ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text|language=el|publisher=]}}</ref>
*]
*]
*]
*]
*Veria


The municipality has an area of 796.494&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, the municipal unit 359.146&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=stat01>{{cite web |url=http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |publisher=National Statistical Service of Greece |title=Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation) |language=el |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212047/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-21 }}</ref>
Under the ] the city continued to grow and prosper until it was attacked by the ] (1185) and the Franks (1204) and in the middle of the 14th century by the ]. Invaded by ] and ], it was captured by the ] in 1361, who named it ''Karaferye'' and established a military colony. In 1436, it was besieged and captured again by the ] and remained in their control until 1912. Veria was united with Greece on 16 October 1912 (]) / 29 October 1912 (]).


==Geography== == Geography ==
]


===Geology=== ===Geology===

Veria is located at 40º31' North, 22º12' East, at the eastern foot of the ]. It lies on a plateau at the western edge of the ] plain, north of the ] River. The town straddles the Tripotamos (river), a Haliacmon tributary that provides hydroelectric power to the national electric power transmission network and irrigation water to agricultural customers of the Veria plain. Veria is located at 40º31' North, 22º12' East, at the eastern foot of the ]. It lies on a plateau at the western edge of the ] plain, north of the ] River. The town straddles the Tripotamos (river), a Haliacmon tributary that provides hydroelectric power to the national electric power transmission network and irrigation water to agricultural customers of the Veria plain.


===Climate=== ===Climate===
{{No footnotes|section|date=February 2021}}
Veria has a humid subtropical climate (] ]) that borders on a cold semi-arid climate (] ]). Since the city lies in a transitional climatic zone, its climate displays characteristics of continental, semi-arid and subtropical/Mediterranean climates. Summers (from April to October) are hot (often exceptionally hot) and dry (or mildly humid, with rainfalls that occur during thunderstorms), and winters (from mid-October to March) are wet and cool, but temperatures remain above or well above freezing (meteorological phenomenon of ]). Snow typically falls once or twice a season. Major temperature swings between day and night are seldom. Veria has a humid subtropical climate (] ]) that borders on a cold semi-arid climate (] ]). Since the city lies in a transitional climatic zone, its climate displays characteristics of continental, semi-arid and subtropical/Mediterranean climates. Summers (from April to October) are hot (often exceptionally hot) and dry (or mildly humid, with rainfalls that occur during thunderstorms), and winters (from mid-October to March) are wet and cool, but temperatures remain above or well above freezing (meteorological phenomenon of ]). Snow typically falls once or twice a season. Major temperature swings between day and night are seldom.


Line 75: Line 166:
|Nov high C=14.3 |Nov high C=14.3
|Dec high C=10.1 |Dec high C=10.1
|year high C= |year high C=20.4
|Jan mean C=4.6 |Jan mean C=4.6
|Feb mean C=5.9 |Feb mean C=5.9
Line 101: Line 192:
|Nov low C=5.3 |Nov low C=5.3
|Dec low C=1.8 |Dec low C=1.8
|year low C= |year low C=9.2
|Jan low C=0.6
|Feb low C=1.4
|Mar low C=4.4
|Apr low C=8.2
|May low C=12.8
|Jun low C=16.3
|Jul low C=18.0
|Aug low C=17.3
|Sep low C=14.1
|Oct low C=9.9
|Nov low C=5.3
|Dec low C=1.8
|Jan record high C=21.0 |Jan record high C=21.0
|Feb record high C=24.0 |Feb record high C=24.0
Line 190: Line 269:
}} }}


==Economy== == Economy ==
] ]
The modern town has cotton and woolen mills and trades in wheat, fruit and vegetables.

The modern town has cotton and woolen mills and trades in wheat, fruit, and vegetables.
Lignite mines operate in the area. Lignite mines operate in the area.
The largest wind farm in Greece is to be constructed in the ] by ]. It will consist of 174 ]s, which will be connected to the national electric power transmission network, generating 614 MW. The largest wind farm in Greece is to be constructed in the ] by ] It will consist of 174 ]s, which will be connected to the national electric power transmission network, generating 614 MW.


===Infrastructure - Transport=== ==Transport==
Veria is linked to ] by the Thessalonica-] ], with connections to ] and ]. Veria is connected to the motorway system of Greece and Europe through ], the Greek part of the ]. It is also connected to more than 500 local and national destinations via the national coach network (]). ] is the closest international airport, located {{convert|88|km|0|abbr=on}} east-northeast of Veria.


==Education== ===Road===
Veria is connected to the motorway system of Greece and Europe through ], the Greek part of the ]. It is also connected to more than 500 local and national destinations via the national coach network (]).


===Rail===
Veria has one of the largest public in Greece. Originally a small single-room library with limited funds and material, it expanded into a four-story building offering multimedia, as well as special and rare editions. Veria's public library collaborates with many international organizations and hosts several cultural events.
] is linked to ] by the Thessaloniki-] ], with connections to ] and ].


===Air===
The Department of ] and Development ] of ] is located in Veria since 2004.
] is the closest international airport, located {{convert|88|km|0|abbr=on}} east-northeast of Veria.


==Culture== == Culture ==
])]]
{{Infobox World Heritage Site
| WHS = Archaeological Site of Aegae / Aigai (]: ''Αἰγαί''; modern name ])
| Image = ]
| imagecaption=
| State Party = ]
| Type = Cultural
| Criteria = i, iii
| ID = 780
| Region = ]
| Year = 1996
| Session = 20th
| Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/780
}}


The city has a number of Byzantine monuments, as well as post-Byzantine churches built on Byzantine foundations.<ref name="ODB"/> The most significant Byzantine monument is the ] (Church of the Resurrection) with its "spectacular frescoes" from 1315, bearing comparison with some of the finest works of ] in the main Byzantine centres of ] and ].<ref name="ODB"/> Of the city's thirteen mosques, eight survive, including the ], which had been converted into the Hünkar Mosque, as well as the ], ], and the ]. Four other mosques, the Subashi, Bayir, Yola Geldi, and Barbuta mosques, are now used as private residences. The ] also survives, as well as a number of Ottoman public buildings of the late 19th century. The city's famous '']'', however, burned down in the great fire of 1864.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Marge | first1 = Anastasia I. | last2 = Matskani | first2 = Anna S. | script-title=el:Η οθωμανική αρχιτεκτονική στην πόλη της Βέροιας |trans-title=The Ottoman architecture in the city of Veroia | journal = Αρχαιολογία και Τέχνες | number = 105 | year = 2007 | language = el | pages = 72–78 | issn = 1108-2402}}</ref>
Museums in Veria include the ], the ], a museum of modern Greek history and a laographical museum. There are also 48 Byzantine and post-Byzantine churches, four Ottoman mosques, and a 19th-century Jewish synagogue in the protected Jewish neighbourhood.


Museums in Veria include the ], the ], the ], a museum of modern Greek history and the ] cultural museum.<ref></ref> There is also a 19th-century Jewish synagogue in the protected former Jewish neighbourhood in Barbuta.
The Archaeological Site of Aegae / Aigai (] ''Αἰγαί''; modern name ]), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, lies {{convert|12|km|0|abbr=on}} south-east of the city centre of Veria.


The archaeological site of Aegae/Aigai (Αἰγαί; modern name ]), a ], lies {{convert|12|km|0|abbr=on}} south-east of the city centre of Veria.
Every summer (August 15 to September 15) the "Imathiotika" festivities take place with a rich cultural program deriving mainly from Veria's tradition. The site of Elia offers great natural beauty and with an amazing view of the Imathia plain. Neighboring ] is a well-known ski resort and a few kilometers outside the city is the Aliakmonas river dam.


Every summer (August 15 to September 15) the "Imathiotika" festivities take place with a cultural program deriving mainly from Veria's tradition. The site of Elia has an extensive view of the Imathia plain. Neighboring ] is a well-known ski resort and a few kilometers outside the city is the Aliakmonas river dam.
==Local government – Municipality==

The municipality Veria was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 5 former municipalities, that became municipal units:<ref name=Kallikratis> Greece Ministry of Interior {{el icon}}</ref>
=== Education ===
*]
Veria has one of the largest public libraries in Greece. Originally a small single-room library with limited funds and material, it expanded into a four-story building offering multimedia, and special and rare editions. Veria's public library collaborates with many international organizations and hosts several cultural events. In 2010, it won the '''Access to Learning Award (ATLA)''' prize nominated by the ] and the amount of $1.000.000. Since then, the library became a role model for other libraries in Greece.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Global-Libraries/Access-to-Learning-Award-ATLA|title = Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Access to Learning Award (ATLA)|publisher = Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation}}</ref>
*]

*]
The Department of ] and Development ] of ] was located in Veria since 2004, but in 2013 it was relocated to Thessaloniki.<ref name=Shedio_Athena> News247.gr</ref>
*]
*Veria


===Twin towns — sister cities=== == Twin towns — sister cities ==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece}} {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece}}
Veria is ] with: Veria is ] with:


*{{flagicon|CYP}} ], ] (1993)<ref name="Greek twinnings"/> *{{flagicon|CYP}} ], ] (1993)<ref name="Greek twinnings"/>
*{{flagicon|BUL}} ], ] *{{flagicon|BUL}} ], ]
*{{flagicon|FRA}} ], France<ref name="Greek twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.kedke.gr/uploads/twinnedcities.pdf|title=Twinnings|accessdate=2013-08-25|work=Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece}}</ref> *{{flagicon|FRA}} ], France<ref name="Greek twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.kedke.gr/uploads/twinnedcities.pdf|title=Twinnings|access-date=2013-08-25|work=Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|SRB}} ], ] *{{flagicon|SRB}} ], ]
*{{flagicon|ITA}} ], ] (2024)


==Sports== == Sports ==
Veria is home to many sports clubs. Most prominent is the handball team of Filippos Veria, competing in the first national division and which has won many championships (both national and international) over the last 40 years. The most famous is ] which competes in ] (Greece's 1st division). Veria also has two basketball teams, AOK Veria and Filippos Veria, which compete in the local and third national division respectively. Veria is home to many sports clubs. Most prominent is the handball team of Filippos Veria, competing in the first national division and which has won many championships (both national and international) over the last 40 years. The most famous is ] which competes in ] (Greece's 1st division). Veria also has two basketball teams, AOK Veria and Filippos Veria, which compete in the local and third national division respectively.


{|class="wikitable"
==Notable people==
|-
], ] and professor of ] at various Italian universities, was born in Veria in 1577.<ref>{{cite book |author= Merry, Bruce |title= Encyclopedia of modern Greek literature |publisher= Greenwood Publishing Group |year= 2004 |page= 239 |isbn= 0-313-30813-6 |quote= KOTTOUNIOS, IOANNES (1577-1658) Born at Beroia (Macedonia) }}</ref>]]
!colspan="4"|Sport clubs based in Veria
|-
!width="200"|Club
!Founded
!Sports
!Achievements
|-
|] ||1960||] ||Presence in A Ethniki (First division)
|-
|]s ||1962||], ] ||Panhellenic titles in Greek Handball, one of the most successful Handball teams in Greece
|-
|]|| ||]||Panhellenic titles in Greek Handball
|-
|]||1984||]||Earlier presence in Beta Ethniki
|-
|]||1998||]||Earlier presence in A2 Ethniki women
|}


== Notable locals ==
], ] and professor of ] at various Italian universities, was born in Veria in 1577.<ref>{{cite book |author= Merry, Bruce |title= Encyclopedia of modern Greek literature |url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediamode00merr |url-access= limited |publisher= Greenwood Publishing Group |year= 2004 |page= |isbn= 0-313-30813-6 |quote= KOTTOUNIOS, IOANNES (1577–1658) Born at Beroia (Macedonia) }}</ref>]]
] (1589–1639); theologian and ]]]

*], kinsman of Saint Paul
*], Greek writer; the first president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) *], Greek writer; the first president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC)
*], liberal politician, lawyer, Greek Council of State's first president, member of the Academy of Athens, speaker of the Hellenic Parliament *], liberal politician, lawyer, Greek Council of State's first president, member of the Academy of Athens, speaker of the Hellenic Parliament
*], Renaissance humanist and philosopher *], Renaissance humanist and philosopher
*], scholar
*], teacher and poet *], teacher and poet
*], kinsman of Paul
*], Patriarch of Alexandria *], Patriarch of Alexandria
*], Ecumenical Patriarch (Constantinople) *], Ecumenical Patriarch (Constantinople)
*], Greek soprano *], Greek soprano
*], Greek architect, sculptor and painter *], Greek architect, sculptor and painter
*], Turkish archaeologist *], Turkish archaeologist
*], Greek politician *], Greek politician
*], Greek actor
*], Greek football player *], Greek football player
*], Greek professional basketball player *], Greek professional basketball player
Line 268: Line 359:
*], actor, singer *], actor, singer
*], actor and theatrical director *], actor and theatrical director
*], pro-Romanian activist of the ], publicist against the Hellenization of ] (Vlachs) in Macedonia
*], Romanian university professor, archaeologist, historian, translator, and poet
*], Romanian engineer and aircraft designer
*], Romanian, activist of ]
*], Romanian, activist of ]
*], Greek diplomat
*], Olympic race walker
*], Olympic record holder in heptathlon javelin throw
*], Olympic cross country skier
*], footballer


==Gallery== ==Gallery==
<center> <gallery class="center">
File:Veria BW 2017-10-06 09-39-17.jpg|''Altar of ]''
<gallery>
File:St-Paul-in-Beroia.jpg|St. Paul preaching File:Veria BW 2017-10-06 09-36-48.jpg|Statue of St Paul
File:Ναός Ανάστασης του Σωτήρος Χριστού Βέροιας 01.jpg|The Byzantine ]
File:Kritopoulos 1589-1639.JPG|] (1589 – 1639); Greek Macedonian theologian and ] from Veria
File:Christ Church in Veria Dormition Fresco by Georgios Kalliergis, 1315.jpg|Dormition fresco (1315) by ] in the Church of the Resurrection
File:Veria Clock Tower Postcard.jpg|Old postcard with the clock tower of the city (c. 1916)
File:Jewish neighbourhood Veria.jpg|View of Barabuta, Jewish quarter
File:Macedonia Greek Costume Verroia.JPG|Traditional dress
File:Sts Quriaqos and Julietta Church in Veria.jpg|Sts Kiriqos and Ioulitta Byzantine church (14th)
File:Bepoia Archaelogical Museum.JPG|]
File:Christ Church in Veria Resurrection Fresco on the Southern Wall by Georgios Kalliergis, 1315.gif|Christ fresco by Georgios Kalliergis (1315) in the Church of the Resurrection
File:Bepoia Dhidhymi Loutrones twin Hamam.JPG|Hamam
File:Old Metropoly in Veria Fresco 7.jpg|Fresco in the Old Metropolis (14th)
File:The Rabbi's house in the former Jewish quarter of Veria.jpg|View of Barabuta, Jewish quarter
File:St. Antonios Neo, Ber.jpg|Saint Antonios church (19th)
File:Bepoia Resurrection of Christ church interior.JPG|Church of the ''Resurrection of Christ'' interior
File:Metropolis of Veria.jpg|Metropolis
File:Veria asteras.jpg|] File:Veria asteras.jpg|]
File:Macedonia Greek Costume Verroia.JPG|Traditional dress
File:VeriaSpring08.JPG|Panoramic view
File:Bepoia river gorge.JPG|River across the city File:Veria Sunset.JPG|Aerial view of the city during dusk
File:Veria2006.JPG|View of Thessalonikis street on a snowy day
</gallery> </gallery>
</center>


==See also== == See also ==
*] * ]
* ]
* ], various Protestant sects named after the city
* ]


==References== == References ==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}


==External links== == Sources and external links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{wikivoyage-inline|Veria}}
* *
* *
; Bibliography – ecclesiastical history
* Mansi, ''Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collection'', passim
* Pius Bonifacius Gams, ''Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae'', Leipzig 1931, p.&nbsp;429
* Michel Lequien, ''Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus'', Paris 1740, vol. II, coll. 69–74
* Raymond Janin, lemma '1. Berrhée' in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques'', vol. VIII, 1935, coll. 885–887
; Bibliography – synagogue and jewish history
* Μεσσίνας, Ηλίας. (2022). H Συναγωγή. Αθήνα: Εκδόσεις Ινφογνώμων. {{ISBN| 978-618-5590-21-5}}
* Messinas, Elias. (2022). The Synagogue of Veroia | Η Συναγωγή της Βέροιας. Seattle: KDP. {{ISBN| 979-884-6836-06-8}}
* Messinas, Elias. (2022). The Synagogues of Greece: A Study of Synagogues in Macedonia and Thrace: With Architectural Drawings of all Synagogues of Greece. Seattle: KDP. {{ISBN| 979-8-8069-0288-8}}



{{Greek Macedonia}} {{Greek Macedonia}}
{{Kallikratis-Central Macedonia}} {{Kallikratis-Central Macedonia}}
{{Veroia div}} {{Veroia div}}
{{Prefectural capitals of Greece}}
{{Second Journey of Paul of Tarsus}} {{Second Journey of Paul of Tarsus}}
{{Authority control}}
{{commons category|Veria}}


]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 00:14, 6 January 2025

City in Macedonia, Greece "Beroia" redirects here. For the ancient city, see Beroea. For the other ancient city of this name, see Aleppo. For other uses, see Veria (disambiguation). Municipality in Greece
Veria Βέροια
Municipality
Panoramic viewPanoramic view
Official seal of VeriaSeal
Veria is located in GreeceVeriaVeriaLocation within the region
Coordinates: 40°31′N 22°12′E / 40.517°N 22.200°E / 40.517; 22.200
CountryGreece
Administrative regionCentral Macedonia
Regional unitImathia
Government
 • MayorKonstantinos Vorgiazidis (since 2014)
Area
 • Municipality796.5 km (307.5 sq mi)
 • Municipal unit359.1 km (138.6 sq mi)
Elevation128 m (420 ft)
Population
 • Municipality62,655
 • Density79/km (200/sq mi)
 • Municipal unit46,976
 • Municipal unit density130/km (340/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code591 31, 591 32
Area code(s)2331
Vehicle registrationΗΜ
Websitewww.veria.gr
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Official nameArchaeological Site of Aigai (modern name Vergina)
Includes
  1. Ancient City and Necropolis of Aegae
  2. Bronze Age settlement and Cemetery of Tumuli
CriteriaCultural: (i)(iii)
Reference780
Inscription1996 (20th Session)
Area1,420.81 ha (3,510.9 acres)
Buffer zone4,811.73 ha (11,890.0 acres)
Panoramic view

Veria (Greek: Βέροια or Βέρροια, romanized: Véroia or Vérroia; Aromanian: Veria), officially transliterated Veroia, historically also spelled Beroea or Berea, is a city in Central Macedonia, in the geographic region of Macedonia, northern Greece, capital of the regional unit of Imathia. It is located 511 kilometres (318 miles) north-northwest of the capital Athens and 73 km (45 mi) west-southwest of Thessaloniki.

Even by the standards of Greece, Veria is an old city; first mentioned in the writings of Thucydides in 432 BC, there is evidence that it was populated as early as 1000 BC. Veria was an important possession for Philip II of Macedon (father of Alexander the Great) and later for the Romans. Apostle Paul famously preached in the city, and its inhabitants were among the first Christians in the Empire. Later, under the Byzantine and Ottoman empires, Veria was a center of Greek culture and learning. Today Veria is a commercial center of Central Macedonia, the capital of the regional unit of Imathia and the seat of a Church of Greece Metropolitan bishop in the Ecumenical Patriarchate, as well as a Latin Catholic titular see.

The extensive archaeological site of Vergina (ancient Aegae, the first capital of Macedon), a UNESCO World Heritage Site containing the tomb of Philip II of Macedon, lies 12 km (7.5 mi) south-east of the city center of Veria.

History

Classical and Roman Veria

Main article: Beroea
The Jewish synagogue. Veria had a significant Jewish community until its deportation in World War II

The city is reputed to have been named by its mythical creator Beres (also spelled Pheres) or from the daughter of the king of Berroia who was thought to be the son of Macedon. Veria enjoyed great prosperity under the kings of the Argead Dynasty (whose most famous member was Alexander the Great) who made it their second most important city after Pella; the city reached the height of its glory and influence in the Hellenistic period, during the reign of the Antigonid Dynasty. During this time, Veria became the seat of the Koinon of Macedonians (Κοινόν Μακεδόνων), minted its own coinage and held sports games named Alexandreia, in honor of Alexander the Great, with athletes from all over Greece competing in them.

Veria surrendered to Rome in 168 BC. During the Roman empire, Veria became a place of worship for the Romans. Diocletian made the large and populous city one of two capitals of the Roman province of Macedonia, eponymous in the civil Diocese of Macedonia. Within the city there was a Jewish settlement where the Apostle Paul, after leaving Thessalonica, and his companion Silas preached to the Jewish and Greek communities of the city in AD 50/51 or 54/55. The Bible records:

As soon as it was night, the brothers sent Paul and Silas away to Berea. On arriving there, they went to the Jewish synagogue. Now the Bereans were of more noble character than the Thessalonians, for they received the message with great eagerness and examined the Scriptures every day to see if what Paul said was true. Many of the Jews believed, as did also a number of prominent Greek women and many Greek men. When the Jews in Thessalonica learned that Paul was preaching the word of God at Berea, they went there too, agitating the crowds and stirring them up. The brothers immediately sent Paul to the coast, but Silas and Timothy stayed at Berea. The men who escorted Paul brought him to Athens and then left with instructions for Silas and Timothy to join him as soon as possible.

— Acts 17:10–15

Recent Discoveries

In December 2021, archaeologists announced the discovery of an unfinished Roman-era statue of a young athletic man at Agios Patapios. The headless marble statue is about three feet tall. According to the Greece's Culture Ministry, the sculpture has similarities to statues of the Greek gods Apollo and Hermes.

Byzantine Veria

St Sabbas (14th century)
View of Saint Paul, the Old Metropolitan Cathedral of Veria
Saint Patapius (15th)

Under the Byzantine Empire Berrhoea continued to grow and prosper, developing a large and well-educated commercial class (Greek and Jewish) and becoming a center of medieval Greek learning; signs of this prosperity are reflected in the many Byzantine churches that were built at this time, during which it was a Christian bishopric (see below).

Byzantine Museum of Veroia

In the 7th century, the Slavic tribe of the Drougoubitai raided the lowlands below the city, while in the late 8th century Empress Irene of Athens is said to have rebuilt and expanded the city and named it Irenopolis (Ειρηνούπολις) after herself, although some sources place this Berrhoea-Irenopolis further east, towards Thrace.

The city was apparently held by the Bulgarian Empire at some point in the late 9th century. The 11th-century Greek bishop Theophylact of Ohrid wrote that during the brief period of Bulgarian dominance, Tsar Boris I built there one of the seven cathedral churches built by him and refers to it as "one of the beautiful Bulgarian churches". In the Escorial Taktikon of c. 975, the city is mentioned as the seat of a strategos, and it apparently was the capital of a theme in the 11th century. The city briefly fell to Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria at the end of the 10th century, but the Byzantine emperor Basil II quickly regained it in 1001 since its Bulgarian governor, Dobromir, surrendered the city without a fight. The city is not mentioned again until the late 12th century, when it was briefly held by the Normans (1185) during their invasion of the Byzantine Empire.

After the Fourth Crusade (1204), it briefly became part of Boniface of Montferrat's Kingdom of Thessalonica, and a Latin bishop took up residence in the city. In c. 1206, the city was taken by the Bulgarian ruler, Kalojan. Many inhabitants were killed while others, including the Latin bishop, fled. Kalojan installed Bulgarians as commandant and bishop, and resettled some of the leading families to Bulgaria. After Kalojan's death in 1207, the city may have reverted to Latin rule, but there is no evidence of this; at any rate, by 1220 it had been occupied by the ruler of Epirus, Theodore Komnenos Doukas, for in that year the doux Constantine Pegonites is attested as governing the city in his name. It changed hands again in 1246, being taken by the Emperor of Nicaea John III Doukas Vatatzes, and formed part of the restored Byzantine Empire after 1261.

The 14th century was tumultuous: the area was pillaged by Karasid Turks in 1331, and captured by the Serbian ruler Stephen Dushan in 1343/4, when it became part of his Serbian Empire. It was recovered for Byzantium by John VI Kantakouzenos in 1350, but lost again to the Serbians soon after, becoming the domain of Radoslav Hlapen after 1358. With the disintegration of the Serbian Empire, it passed once more to Byzantium by ca. 1375, but was henceforth menaced by the rising power of the Ottoman Turks.

According to a tradition preserved by Yazıcıoğlu Ali, the two younger sons of the Seljuk sultan Kaykaus II were settled by Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos in Veria, and made its governors. One of their descendants converted to Christianity, and one of his progeny, a certain Lyzikos, in turn surrendered the city to the Ottoman Sultan (perhaps Bayezid I). After the Ottoman conquest he and his relatives were settled at Zichna. This story explains the presence of Gagauz people in Veria and its environs. The Ottoman chroniclers report that the town was first captured in 1385, while the Byzantine short chronicles record the date as 8 May 1387. The city changed hands several times over the next decades, until the final Turkish conquest around 1430.

Ottoman Veria

Medrese Mosque

The Ottomans called Veria Karaferye ("black Veria"), because of its characteristic morning mist during the humid winter seasons. In 1519 (Hijri 925) the town had 231 Muslim and 578 Christian households. Under Ottoman rule, Veria was the seat of a kaza within the Sanjak of Salonica; by 1885, the kaza, along with Naoussa, included 46 villages and chiftliks. The 17th-century traveller Evliya Çelebi reports that the city was peaceful, without walls or garrison; it had 4000 houses, 16 Muslim quarters, 15 Christian quarters, and 2 Jewish congregations. The city was a prosperous center of rice production.

According to the 1881/82-1893 Ottoman General Census, the kaza of Veria (Karaferiye) had a total population of 25,034, consisting of 15,103 Greeks, 7,325 Muslims, 2,174 Bulgarians, 393 Jews, and 39 foreign citizens. Veria was an important regional center of Greek commerce and learning, and counted many important Greek scholars as its natives (e.g. Ioannis Kottounios)

Barbuta district

Modern Veria

The presence of a large, prosperous and educated bourgeoisie made Veria one of the centers of Greek nationalism in the region of Macedonia, and the city's inhabitants had an active part in the Greek War of Independence; important military leaders during the uprising included Athanasios Syropoulos, Georgios Syropoulos, Dimitrios Kolemis and Georgios Kolemis, among others; however, as was the case with the rest of Northern Greece, eventually the uprising was defeated, and Veria only became part of modern Greece in 1912 during the Balkan Wars, when it was taken by the Hellenic Army on October 16, 1912 (October 16 is an official holiday in Veria, commemorating the city's incorporation to Greece), and was officially annexed to Greece following the signing of the Treaty of Athens in November 1913.

Agios Antonios Square, 1917

World War II

During World War II, Veria was under Nazi occupation between 1941 and 1944. An important resistance movement developed in the city, with the left-wing EAM gaining the sympathy of the inhabitants; the people of Veria took part in resistance activities, such as sabotaging the railway, assassinating SS members, and burning Nazi war material. The town asked Prokopis Kambitoglou to become the Mayor of Veria during the occupation. His role in attempting to mitigate the oppression of the Germans was rewarded after the war by the award of the Order of the Phoenix in recognition of his efforts.

During the Occupation almost all of the Jewish community of the city was deported and exterminated by the Nazis.

The town hall

Postwar

Postwar Veria saw a significant rise in population, and a greatly improved standard of living. The 1980s and 1990s in particular were a period of prosperity, with the agricultural businesses and cooperatives in the fertile plains around Veria successfully exporting their products in Europe, the US and Asia. The discovery of the tomb of Philip II of Macedon in the nearby archaeological site of Vergina (ancient Aegae, the summer capital of the Argead Dynasty of Macedon, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site), also made Veria a tourist destination.

Veria has a significant immigrant population, mainly from countries of Central and Eastern Europe.

Ecclesiastical history

Berrhoea was a suffragan diocese of the Archbishopric of Thessalonica, in the sway of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.

The names of five of its bishops appear in extant contemporary documents:

The Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos promoted the local see to an archbishopric after 1261, and it advanced further to the rank of a metropolitan see by 1300.

Latin titular see

The diocese of Berrhoea was nominally restored in 1933 by the Catholic Church as the titular bishopric of Berrhœa (Latin) / Berrea (Curiate Italian).

It has been vacant for decades, having the following incumbents:

  • Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani (Italian) (1962.04.05 – 1962.04.20)
  • Pierre-Auguste–Marie–Joseph Douillard (1963.05.22 – 1963.08.20) as emeritate
  • Federico Kaiser Depel, M.S.C. (1963.10.29 – death 1993.09.26)

Local government — municipality

The municipality Veria was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 5 former municipalities, that became municipal units:

The municipality has an area of 796.494 km, the municipal unit 359.146 km.

Geography

Barbuta river across the city

Geology

Veria is located at 40º31' North, 22º12' East, at the eastern foot of the Vermio Mountains. It lies on a plateau at the western edge of the Central Macedonia plain, north of the Haliacmon River. The town straddles the Tripotamos (river), a Haliacmon tributary that provides hydroelectric power to the national electric power transmission network and irrigation water to agricultural customers of the Veria plain.

Climate

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Veria has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) that borders on a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk). Since the city lies in a transitional climatic zone, its climate displays characteristics of continental, semi-arid and subtropical/Mediterranean climates. Summers (from April to October) are hot (often exceptionally hot) and dry (or mildly humid, with rainfalls that occur during thunderstorms), and winters (from mid-October to March) are wet and cool, but temperatures remain above or well above freezing (meteorological phenomenon of Alkyonides). Snow typically falls once or twice a season. Major temperature swings between day and night are seldom.

Climate data for Veria
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 21.0
(69.8) 		24.0
(75.2) 		25.4
(77.7) 		31.0
(87.8) 		35.0
(95.0) 		39.0
(102.2) 		41.0
(105.8) 		42.1
(107.8) 		35.9
(96.6) 		33.5
(92.3) 		27.0
(80.6) 		25.6
(78.1) 		42.1
(107.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.1
(48.4) 		10.8
(51.4) 		14.5
(58.1) 		19.4
(66.9) 		25.1
(77.2) 		29.5
(85.1) 		31.3
(88.3) 		30.9
(87.6) 		27.8
(82.0) 		21.6
(70.9) 		14.3
(57.7) 		10.1
(50.2) 		20.4
(68.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.6
(40.3) 		5.9
(42.6) 		9.4
(48.9) 		14.1
(57.4) 		19.6
(67.3) 		24.1
(75.4) 		25.7
(78.3) 		24.7
(76.5) 		21.1
(70.0) 		15.6
(60.1) 		9.5
(49.1) 		5.7
(42.3) 		15.0
(59.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.6
(33.1) 		1.4
(34.5) 		4.4
(39.9) 		8.2
(46.8) 		12.8
(55.0) 		16.3
(61.3) 		18.0
(64.4) 		17.3
(63.1) 		14.1
(57.4) 		9.9
(49.8) 		5.3
(41.5) 		1.8
(35.2) 		9.2
(48.6)
Record low °C (°F) −12.0
(10.4) 		−11.0
(12.2) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		4.0
(39.2) 		7.7
(45.9) 		14.6
(58.3) 		14.3
(57.7) 		13.5
(56.3) 		7.1
(44.8) 		1.1
(34.0) 		−3
(27) 		−5
(23) 		−12.0
(10.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 44.5
(1.75) 		49.0
(1.93) 		56.4
(2.22) 		45.0
(1.77) 		42.0
(1.65) 		29.7
(1.17) 		14.1
(0.56) 		16.2
(0.64) 		16.1
(0.63) 		55.7
(2.19) 		68.1
(2.68) 		69.1
(2.72) 		505.9
(19.91)
Average precipitation days 8.2 9.1 9.5 8.6 8.6 5.1 3.9 3.5 3.6 7.5 9.9 9.2 86.7
Average relative humidity (%) 76.4 73.0 73.2 68.3 64.2 57.9 57.5 62.8 66.8 73.1 77.1 78.2 69.0
Mean monthly sunshine hours 117.1 120.4 143.8 190.4 234.9 295.3 309.6 290.6 224.9 162.1 118.3 109.1 2,316.5
Source: Hellenic National Meteorological Service, National Observatory of Athens

Economy

View across Roloi (Clock) Square

The modern town has cotton and woolen mills and trades in wheat, fruit and vegetables. Lignite mines operate in the area. The largest wind farm in Greece is to be constructed in the Vermio Mountains by Acciona, S.A. It will consist of 174 wind turbines, which will be connected to the national electric power transmission network, generating 614 MW.

Transport

Road

Veria is connected to the motorway system of Greece and Europe through A2 Egnatia Odos, the Greek part of the European route E90. It is also connected to more than 500 local and national destinations via the national coach network (KTEL).

Rail

Veria is linked to Thessaloniki by the Thessaloniki-Edessa railway, with connections to Athens and Alexandroupoli.

Air

Thessaloniki International Airport "Macedonia" is the closest international airport, located 88 km (55 mi) east-northeast of Veria.

Culture

Entrance to the Macedonian tombs of Aigai (modern name Vergina)

The city has a number of Byzantine monuments, as well as post-Byzantine churches built on Byzantine foundations. The most significant Byzantine monument is the Anastasis Church (Church of the Resurrection) with its "spectacular frescoes" from 1315, bearing comparison with some of the finest works of Palaiologan art in the main Byzantine centres of Thessaloniki and Constantinople. Of the city's thirteen mosques, eight survive, including the Old Metropolis, which had been converted into the Hünkar Mosque, as well as the Orta Mosque, Mendrese Mosque, and the Mahmud Çelebi Mosque. Four other mosques, the Subashi, Bayir, Yola Geldi, and Barbuta mosques, are now used as private residences. The Twin Hamam also survives, as well as a number of Ottoman public buildings of the late 19th century. The city's famous bezesten, however, burned down in the great fire of 1864.

Museums in Veria include the Archaeological Museum of Veroia, the Byzantine Museum of Veroia, the Folklore Museum of Veroia, a museum of modern Greek history and the Aromanian cultural museum. There is also a 19th-century Jewish synagogue in the protected former Jewish neighbourhood in Barbuta.

The archaeological site of Aegae/Aigai (Αἰγαί; modern name Vergina), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, lies 12 km (7 mi) south-east of the city centre of Veria.

Every summer (August 15 to September 15) the "Imathiotika" festivities take place with a cultural program deriving mainly from Veria's tradition. The site of Elia has an extensive view of the Imathia plain. Neighboring Seli is a well-known ski resort and a few kilometers outside the city is the Aliakmonas river dam.

Education

Veria has one of the largest public libraries in Greece. Originally a small single-room library with limited funds and material, it expanded into a four-story building offering multimedia, and special and rare editions. Veria's public library collaborates with many international organizations and hosts several cultural events. In 2010, it won the Access to Learning Award (ATLA) prize nominated by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the amount of $1.000.000. Since then, the library became a role model for other libraries in Greece.

The Department of Spatial Planning and Development Engineering of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki was located in Veria since 2004, but in 2013 it was relocated to Thessaloniki.

Twin towns — sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Greece

Veria is twinned with:

Sports

Veria is home to many sports clubs. Most prominent is the handball team of Filippos Veria, competing in the first national division and which has won many championships (both national and international) over the last 40 years. The most famous is Veria FC which competes in Superleague Greece (Greece's 1st division). Veria also has two basketball teams, AOK Veria and Filippos Veria, which compete in the local and third national division respectively.

Sport clubs based in Veria
Club Founded Sports Achievements
Veria F.C. 1960 Football Presence in A Ethniki (First division)
Filippos Verias 1962 Handball, Basketball Panhellenic titles in Greek Handball, one of the most successful Handball teams in Greece
GE Veria Handball Panhellenic titles in Greek Handball
Pontioi Verias F.C. 1984 Football Earlier presence in Beta Ethniki
AOK Veria 1998 Basketball Earlier presence in A2 Ethniki women

Notable locals

Ioannes Kottounios, Renaissance humanist and professor of Philosophy at various Italian universities, was born in Veria in 1577.
Metrophanes Kritopoulos (1589–1639); theologian and Patriarch of Alexandria

Gallery

  • Altar of Saint Paul Altar of Saint Paul
  • Statue of St Paul Statue of St Paul
  • The Byzantine Church of the Resurrection The Byzantine Church of the Resurrection
  • Dormition fresco (1315) by Georgios Kalliergis in the Church of the Resurrection Dormition fresco (1315) by Georgios Kalliergis in the Church of the Resurrection
  • View of Barabuta, Jewish quarter View of Barabuta, Jewish quarter
  • Sts Kiriqos and Ioulitta Byzantine church (14th) Sts Kiriqos and Ioulitta Byzantine church (14th)
  • Christ fresco by Georgios Kalliergis (1315) in the Church of the Resurrection Christ fresco by Georgios Kalliergis (1315) in the Church of the Resurrection
  • Fresco in the Old Metropolis (14th) Fresco in the Old Metropolis (14th)
  • Saint Antonios church (19th) Saint Antonios church (19th)
  • Veria Stadium Veria Stadium
  • Traditional dress Traditional dress
  • Aerial view of the city during dusk Aerial view of the city during dusk

See also

References

  1. "Municipality of Veria, Municipal elections – October 2023". Ministry of Interior.
  2. "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
  3. Sterghiu, Hristu (10 January 2012). "Agenda aromână Retrospectiva 2011 II – 12.ian.10" (in Aromanian). Radio Romania International.
  4. Public Domain Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Berœa". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
  5. veria.gr Veria:Its history (greek) Archived March 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine accessed June 1, 2008.
  6. Λούκιος ή Όνος 34.15–17
  7. (greek) hellasportal.gr,Apostle Paul preach in Veria, accessed June 1, 2008.
  8. "Unfinished Roman-era statue found in old Macedonian capital Veria". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  9. "Άγαλμα των αυτοκρατορικών χρόνων αποκαλύφθηκε σε σωστική ανασκαφή στο κέντρο της Βέροιας". www.culture.gov.gr. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  10. "Unfinished Sculpture Discovered at Agios Patapios – Archaeology Magazine". www.archaeology.org. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
  11. ^ Gregory, Timothy E.; Ševčenko, Nancy Patterson (1991). "Berroia in Macedonia". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 283–284. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
  12. Migne, Jacques Paul. Patrologia Graeca, t. 126, col. 529.
  13. ^ Nicol, Donald MacGillivray (1976). "Refugees, Mixed Population and Local Patriotism in Epiros and Western Macedonia after the Fourth Crusade". XVe Congrès international d'études byzantines (Athènes, 1976), Rapports et corapports I. Athens. pp. 3–33.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  14. ^ Ménage, V. L. (1978). "Karaferye". In van Donzel, E.; Lewis, B.; Pellat, Ch. & Bosworth, C. E. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IV: Iran–Kha. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 600–601. OCLC 758278456.
  15. History of Veria Municipality of Veria
  16. GÖKBİLGİN, M. TAYYİB (1956). "KANUNÎ SULTAN SÜLEYMAN DEVRİ BAŞLARINDA RUMELİ EYALETİ, LİVALARI, ŞEHİR VE KASABALARI". Belleten. 20 (78): 264. eISSN 2791-6472. ISSN 0041-4255.
  17. Kemal Karpat (1985), Ottoman Population, 1830–1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics, The University of Wisconsin Press, p. 134-135
  18. Ανέκδοτα έγγραφα και άγνωστα στοιχεία για κλεφταρματολούς και για την επανάσταση (1821–1822) στη Μακεδονία και ιδιαίτερα στον Όλυμπο, Γεώργιος Χ. Χιονίδης, Βέροια 1979
  19. "VEROIA".
  20. Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 69–74
  21. Raymond Janin, v. 1. Berrhée in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. VIII, 1935, coll. 885–887
  22. Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 838
  23. "ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
  24. "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-21.
  25. Marge, Anastasia I.; Matskani, Anna S. (2007). Η οθωμανική αρχιτεκτονική στην πόλη της Βέροιας [The Ottoman architecture in the city of Veroia]. Αρχαιολογία και Τέχνες (in Greek) (105): 72–78. ISSN 1108-2402.
  26. Λαογραφικό Μουσείο Βλάχων
  27. "Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Access to Learning Award (ATLA)". Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
  28. Athena plan News247.gr
  29. ^ "Twinnings" (PDF). Central Union of Municipalities & Communities of Greece. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
  30. Merry, Bruce (2004). Encyclopedia of modern Greek literature. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 239. ISBN 0-313-30813-6. KOTTOUNIOS, IOANNES (1577–1658) Born at Beroia (Macedonia)

Sources and external links

Bibliography – ecclesiastical history
  • Mansi, Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collection, passim
  • Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 429
  • Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, vol. II, coll. 69–74
  • Raymond Janin, lemma '1. Berrhée' in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. VIII, 1935, coll. 885–887
Bibliography – synagogue and jewish history
  • Μεσσίνας, Ηλίας. (2022). H Συναγωγή. Αθήνα: Εκδόσεις Ινφογνώμων. ISBN 978-618-5590-21-5
  • Messinas, Elias. (2022). The Synagogue of Veroia | Η Συναγωγή της Βέροιας. Seattle: KDP. ISBN 979-884-6836-06-8
  • Messinas, Elias. (2022). The Synagogues of Greece: A Study of Synagogues in Macedonia and Thrace: With Architectural Drawings of all Synagogues of Greece. Seattle: KDP. ISBN 979-8-8069-0288-8


Macedonia (Greece)
People
History
Administration
Economy
Major cities
Nature
Monuments
Culture
Greek Macedonia Portal
Administrative division of the Central Macedonia Region
Area
18,811 km (7,263 sq mi)
Population
1,882,108 (as of 2011)
Municipalities
38 (since 2011)
Capital
Thessaloniki
Regional unit of Chalkidiki
Regional unit of Imathia
Regional unit of Kilkis
Regional unit of Pella
Regional unit of Pieria
Regional unit of Serres
Regional unit of Thessaloniki
Regional governor
Apostolos Tzitzikostas (since 2013, elected 2014 & 2019)
Decentralized Administration
Macedonia and Thrace
Subdivisions of the municipality of Veria
Municipal unit of Apostolos Pavlos
Municipal unit of Dovras
  • Agia Marina
  • Agios Georgios
  • Fyteia
  • Patrida
  • Trilofo
Municipal unit of Makedonida
  • Daskio
  • Polydendro
  • Rizomata
  • Sfikia
Municipal unit of Vergina
Municipal unit of Veria
Journeys of Paul the Apostle
First journey
Second journey
Third journey
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