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{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|1294}}
{{Year nav|1294}} {{Year nav|1294}}
{{C13 year in topic}}Year '''1294''' (''']''') was a ] of the ].
{{C13YearInTopicX}}
Year '''1294''' (MCCXCIV) was a ]
<ref name="timedate">
"Calendar &ndash; Portugal &ndash; 1294" (Julian calendar),
Time and Date AS / Steffen Thorsen, 2008, webpage:
.
</ref>
(link will display the full calendar) of the ].


==Events of 1294== == Events ==
* ] &ndash; ] succeeds ] as the 192nd pope.
* ] &ndash; In response to the actions of new royal administrators in north and west Wales, ] leads a revolt against his English overlords.
* ] &ndash; ] succeeds ] as the 193rd pope after Celestine V abdicates the papacy on December 13, only 5 months after reluctantly accepting his surprise election on July 5, wishing to return to his life as an ascetic hermit.
* The death of ] allows the 4 khanates of the Mongol Empire (the ], the ], the ], and the ] of ]) to formally become independent; they each had already been moving toward independence during Kublai's reign.
* ], King of Scotland, decides to refuse King ]'s demands for support in a planned invasion of France, and instead informs the French of Edward's plans and negotiates the ] with France and ]. These actions play a part in precipitating the ], which begin in 1296.
* The ] is rebuilt; it had been destroyed some years earlier in King ]'s conquest of Wales.
* Architect ] designs the Florentine cathedral ], better known simply as ''Il Duomo''. He also begins work on the ], also in Florence.
* England and Portugal enter into the first iteration of the ], the oldest alliance in the world still in force.
* ] and ] of France declare war on each other. To finance this war, both kings lay taxes on the clergy. ] insists that kings gain papal consent of taxation of the clergy and forbids churchmen to pay taxes.


===Asia===
{{Year in other calendars}}
==Births==
* ] (d. ])
* ], Japanese samurai (d. ])
:''Also see ]''.


* ] &ndash; ] dies; by this time the separation of the four khanates of the ] (the ] in Central Asia, the ] in Russia, the ] in Persia, and the ] in China) has deepened.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bnCMBAAAQBAJ&q=kublai+khan+1294+for+khanates&pg=PA316|title=Dynastic China: An Elementary History|last=San|first=Tan Koon|publisher=The Other Press|year=2014|isbn=9789839541885|location=Petaling Jaya, Malaysia|pages=316|language=en}}</ref>
==Deaths==
* ] &ndash; ] of the Mongol Empire (b. ])
* ] &ndash; ]
* ] &ndash; ]
* ], English philosopher and scientist
* Emperor ]
* ]
* ], Florentine philosopher (b. c. ])
* ], Grand Duke of Vladimir-Suzdal
:''Also see ]''.


==Notes== ===Europe===
<references/>


* ] &ndash; A Novgorodian army led by Prince Roman Glebovich attempts a storm of ], but the attack fails.<ref name="Ulf0">{{cite book |last=Sundberg |first=Ulf |title=Medeltidens svenska krig |publisher=] |year=1999 |isbn=9189080262 |edition=1st |location=Stockholm |pages=100 |language=Swedish}}</ref>
]
* Spring &ndash; Following the arrival of a fleet from Sweden, an offensive takes place in which Sweden captures ] after an assault.<ref name="Ulf0" />
* ] &ndash; Following the ], ] succeeds ], becoming the 192nd pope.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bI9_AwAAQBAJ&q=1294+pope+celestine+V&pg=PA870|title=Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History : 5,000 Years of Religious History|last=Melton|first=J. Gordon|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2014|isbn=9781610690263|volume=2|location=Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO, Oxford|pages=870|language=en}}</ref>
* Autumn &ndash; In response to the actions of new royal administrators in north and west Wales, ] leads ].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PqulBAAAQBAJ&q=1294+Madog+ap+Llywelyn&pg=PT18|title=Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Tudors but Were Afraid to Ask|last=Breverton|first=Terry|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|year=2014|isbn=9781445638454|location=Stroud|pages=14|language=en}}</ref>
* ] &ndash; ] succeeds ], becoming the 193rd pope, after Celestine V abdicates the papacy on ], only five months after reluctantly accepting his surprise election on July 5, wishing to return to his life as an ascetic hermit.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wgC-yRJ5bo0C&q=1294+Boniface+VIII&pg=PT18|title=History of the Christian Church, Volume VI: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1294-1517.|last=Schaff|first=Philip|publisher=Christian Classics Ethereal Library|year=1998|isbn=9781610250450|volume=VI: The Middle Ages|location=Grand Rapids, MI|language=en|orig-year=1882}}</ref>
* ], King of Scotland, decides to refuse King ]'s demands for support in a planned invasion of France, the result being the negotiation of the ] with France and ] in the following year. These actions play a part in precipitating the ], which begin in ].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vp2r3xyaDaEC&q=1294+John+Balliol&pg=PA372|title=Edward I|last=Prestwich|first=Michael|publisher=University of California Press|year=1988|isbn=9780520062665|location=Berkeley and Los Angeles|pages=372|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UUOzgLiyd54C&q=1294+Auld+Alliance&pg=PA59|title=Royals of England: A Guide for Readers, Travelers, and Genealogists|last1=Spaltro|first1=Kathleen|last2=Bridge|first2=Noeline|publisher=iUniverse|year=2005|isbn=9780595373123|location=New York, Lincoln, Shanghai|pages=59|language=en}}</ref>
* ] is rebuilt; it had been destroyed some years earlier, during King ]'s conquest of Wales.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/recordsofrocksor00symoiala|quote=1294 Strata Florida Abbey.|title=Records of the Rocks; or, notes on the geology, natural history, and antiquities of North & South Wales, Devon, & Corne̱ll|last=Symonds|first=William Samuel|publisher=John Murray, Albemarle Street|year=1872|location=London|pages=|language=en}}</ref>
* Architect ] designs ] (''Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore'', better known simply as ''Il Duomo''); he also begins work on the Basilica of ].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CfGPAgAAQBAJ&q=1294+Arnolfo+di+Cambio&pg=PT3952|title=The Complete Story of Civilization: Our Oriental Heritage, Life of Greece, Caesar and Christ, Age of Faith, Renaissance, Age of Reason Begins, Age of Louis XIV, Age of Voltaire, Rousseau and Revolution, Age of Napoleon, Reformation|last=Durant|first=Will|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2014|isbn=9781476779713|location=New York|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HTOQ2A5_j1EC&q=1294+Arnolfo+di+Cambio+cathedral&pg=PA44|title=Italian Art. Painting, Sculpture, Architecture from the Origins to the Present Day|last1=Fossi|first1=Gloria|last2=Reiche|first2=Mattia|last3=Bussagli|first3=Marco|date=2004|publisher=Giunti Editore|isbn=9788809037267|language=en}}</ref>
* ] and ] enter into the first iteration of the ], the oldest alliance in the world still in force.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3vFv2QssdgC&q=1294+Anglo-Portuguese+Alliance&pg=PA139|title=European Integration and Disintegration: East and West|last1=Bideleux|first1=Robert|last2=Taylor|first2=Professor Richard|last3=Taylor|first3=Richard|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|isbn=9781134775217|location=London and New York|pages=139|language=en}}</ref>
* ] and ] of France declare war on each other. To finance this war, both kings lay taxes on the clergy. ] insists that kings gain papal consent for taxation of the clergy, and forbids churchmen to pay taxes.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=INmdwCSkvIgC&q=1294+war+with+France&pg=PA215|title=Historical Dictionary of Late Medieval England, 1272-1485|last1=Fritze|first1=Ronald H.|last2=Robison|first2=William Baxter|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2002|isbn=9780313291241|location=Westport, CT|pages=215|language=en}}</ref>


== Births ==
]
* ] or ] &ndash; ] (d. ])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mFhOA1a0jnkC&q=1294+charles+IV+france&pg=PA175|title=Thirteenth Century England II: Proceedings of the Newcastle Upon Tyne Conference 1987|last1=Coss|first1=Peter R.|last2=Coss|first2=P. R.|last3=Lloyd|first3=Simon D.|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|year=1988|isbn=9780851155135|location=Suffolk and Wolfeboro, NH|pages=175|language=en}}</ref>
]
* ] (d. ])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/guelphsghibelli00browgoog|quote=1294 john duke of durazzo.|title=Guelphs & Ghibellines: A Short History of Mediaeval Italy from 1250-1409|last=Browning|first=Oscar|publisher=Methuen & Company|year=1893|location=London|pages=|language=en}}</ref>
]
*''date unknown'' &ndash; ], Japanese samurai (d. ])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RMBdoimD2kIC&q=1294+Kusunoki+Masashige%2C&pg=PA90|title=The Samurai: A Military History|last=Turnbull|first=Stephen R.|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2005|isbn=9781873410387|location=London and New York|pages=90|language=en|orig-year=1977}}</ref>
]
**] (d. ])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_4M7AAAAMAAJ&q=1294+Joan+of+Valois|title=Ancestral families of John W. Clark of Deerfield, Massachusetts: Clark-Keyes & allied families including: Alcock, Allen, Allis, Anderson, Beardsley, Belden, Bigod, Blandford, Brown, Chester, Comstock, Copeland, de Clare, de Lacy, de Mowbray, de Quincy, de Ros, de Saye, de Vere, Dudley, FitzRobert, Goodrich, Gregory, Harlakenden, Hawks, Haynes, Hobart, Holden, Hooker, Howard, Hubbard, Kimball, Lamb, Lamberton, Marshall, Moore, Neville, Newcomb, Parmenter, Patterson, Plantagenet, Pynchon, Rice, Scott, Smead, Stoughton, Talcott, Townsend, Trowbridge, Welles, Wells, Woodbridge, Wyllys, Yorke|last=Wold|first=Carol Lee|publisher=Gateway Press|year=2002|location=Louisville, KY|pages=97|language=en}}</ref>
]

]
== Deaths ==
]
]]]
]
* ] &ndash; ] of the Mongol Empire (b. ])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qIcWikw1ofgC&q=1295+kublai+khan+dies&pg=PA142|title=Marco Polo and the Realm of Kublai Khan|last1=McNeese|first1=Tim|last2=Goetzmann|first2=William H.|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2006|isbn=9781438102467|series=Explorers of New Lands|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=142|language=en}}</ref>
]
* ] &ndash; ]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PzorDwAAQBAJ&q=1294+John+I%2C+Duke+of+Brabant&pg=PA72|title=Routledge Revivals: Medieval Germany (2001): An Encyclopedia|last=Jeep|first=John M.|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2001|isbn=9781351665407|location=Abingdon & New York|pages=72|language=en}}</ref>
]
* ] &ndash; ]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-WFjDwAAQBAJ&q=1294+John+I+of+Brienne%2C+Count+of+Eu&pg=PR23|title=The Briennes: The Rise and Fall of a Champenois Dynasty in the Age of the Crusades, c. 950–1356|last=Perry|first=Guy|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2018|isbn=9781107196902|location=Cambridge, New York|pages=xxiii|language=en}}</ref>
]
* ] &ndash; ]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hiUlDwAAQBAJ&q=1294+Mestwin+II%2C+Duke+of+Pomerania&pg=PA14|title=New Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Gdańsk, Poland and Prussia|last=Możejko|first=Beata|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2017|isbn=9781351805445|location=Abingdon, New York|pages=14|language=en}}</ref>
]
*''date unknown''
]
**Emperor ]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tamrat|first=Taddesse|date=January 1970|title=The Abbots of Däbrä-Hayq 1248-1535|journal=Journal of Ethiopian Studies|volume=8|issue=1|pages=87–117|jstor=41965802}}</ref>
]
**], Florentine philosopher (b. c. ])<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/criticalhistori01barlgoog|quote=1294 Brunetto Latini.|title=Critical, Historical, and Philosophical Contributions to the Study of the Divina Commedia|last=Barlow|first=Henry Clark|publisher=Williams and Norgate|year=1864|location=London and Edinburgh|pages=|language=en}}</ref>
]
**], Grand Duke of Vladimir-Suzdal<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rusmania.com/central/yaroslavl-region/pereslavl-zalessky/history-of-pereslavl-zalessky|title=History of Pereslavl-Zalessky {{!}} Rusmania|website=rusmania.com|access-date=2019-02-26}}</ref>
]

]
== References ==
]
{{Reflist}}
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Latest revision as of 12:58, 3 January 2025

Calendar year
Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1294 by topic
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Art and literature
1294 in poetry
1294 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1294
MCCXCIV
Ab urbe condita2047
Armenian calendar743
ԹՎ ՉԽԳ
Assyrian calendar6044
Balinese saka calendar1215–1216
Bengali calendar700–701
Berber calendar2244
English Regnal year22 Edw. 1 – 23 Edw. 1
Buddhist calendar1838
Burmese calendar656
Byzantine calendar6802–6803
Chinese calendar癸巳年 (Water Snake)
3991 or 3784
    — to —
甲午年 (Wood Horse)
3992 or 3785
Coptic calendar1010–1011
Discordian calendar2460
Ethiopian calendar1286–1287
Hebrew calendar5054–5055
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1350–1351
 - Shaka Samvat1215–1216
 - Kali Yuga4394–4395
Holocene calendar11294
Igbo calendar294–295
Iranian calendar672–673
Islamic calendar693–694
Japanese calendarEinin 2
(永仁２年)
Javanese calendar1204–1206
Julian calendar1294
MCCXCIV
Korean calendar3627
Minguo calendar618 before ROC
民前618年
Nanakshahi calendar−174
Thai solar calendar1836–1837
Tibetan calendar阴水蛇年
(female Water-Snake)
1420 or 1039 or 267
    — to —
阳木马年
(male Wood-Horse)
1421 or 1040 or 268

Year 1294 (MCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Events

Asia

Europe

Births

Deaths

Kublai Khan

References

  1. San, Tan Koon (2014). Dynastic China: An Elementary History. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: The Other Press. p. 316. ISBN 9789839541885.
  2. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 100. ISBN 9189080262.
  3. Melton, J. Gordon (2014). Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History [4 Volumes]: 5,000 Years of Religious History. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO, Oxford: ABC-CLIO. p. 870. ISBN 9781610690263.
  4. Breverton, Terry (2014). Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Tudors but Were Afraid to Ask. Stroud: Amberley Publishing Limited. p. 14. ISBN 9781445638454.
  5. Schaff, Philip (1998) . History of the Christian Church, Volume VI: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1294-1517. Vol. VI: The Middle Ages. Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library. ISBN 9781610250450.
  6. Prestwich, Michael (1988). Edward I. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 372. ISBN 9780520062665.
  7. Spaltro, Kathleen; Bridge, Noeline (2005). Royals of England: A Guide for Readers, Travelers, and Genealogists. New York, Lincoln, Shanghai: iUniverse. p. 59. ISBN 9780595373123.
  8. Symonds, William Samuel (1872). Records of the Rocks; or, notes on the geology, natural history, and antiquities of North & South Wales, Devon, & Corne̱ll. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street. pp. 124. 1294 Strata Florida Abbey.
  9. Durant, Will (2014). The Complete Story of Civilization: Our Oriental Heritage, Life of Greece, Caesar and Christ, Age of Faith, Renaissance, Age of Reason Begins, Age of Louis XIV, Age of Voltaire, Rousseau and Revolution, Age of Napoleon, Reformation. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781476779713.
  10. Fossi, Gloria; Reiche, Mattia; Bussagli, Marco (2004). Italian Art. Painting, Sculpture, Architecture from the Origins to the Present Day. Giunti Editore. ISBN 9788809037267.
  11. Bideleux, Robert; Taylor, Professor Richard; Taylor, Richard (1996). European Integration and Disintegration: East and West. London and New York: Routledge. p. 139. ISBN 9781134775217.
  12. Fritze, Ronald H.; Robison, William Baxter (2002). Historical Dictionary of Late Medieval England, 1272-1485. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 215. ISBN 9780313291241.
  13. Coss, Peter R.; Coss, P. R.; Lloyd, Simon D. (1988). Thirteenth Century England II: Proceedings of the Newcastle Upon Tyne Conference 1987. Suffolk and Wolfeboro, NH: Boydell & Brewer. p. 175. ISBN 9780851155135.
  14. Browning, Oscar (1893). Guelphs & Ghibellines: A Short History of Mediaeval Italy from 1250-1409. London: Methuen & Company. pp. 199. 1294 john duke of durazzo.
  15. Turnbull, Stephen R. (2005) . The Samurai: A Military History. London and New York: Psychology Press. p. 90. ISBN 9781873410387.
  16. Wold, Carol Lee (2002). Ancestral families of John W. Clark of Deerfield, Massachusetts: Clark-Keyes & allied families including: Alcock, Allen, Allis, Anderson, Beardsley, Belden, Bigod, Blandford, Brown, Chester, Comstock, Copeland, de Clare, de Lacy, de Mowbray, de Quincy, de Ros, de Saye, de Vere, Dudley, FitzRobert, Goodrich, Gregory, Harlakenden, Hawks, Haynes, Hobart, Holden, Hooker, Howard, Hubbard, Kimball, Lamb, Lamberton, Marshall, Moore, Neville, Newcomb, Parmenter, Patterson, Plantagenet, Pynchon, Rice, Scott, Smead, Stoughton, Talcott, Townsend, Trowbridge, Welles, Wells, Woodbridge, Wyllys, Yorke. Louisville, KY: Gateway Press. p. 97.
  17. McNeese, Tim; Goetzmann, William H. (2006). Marco Polo and the Realm of Kublai Khan. Explorers of New Lands. Philadelphia, PA: Infobase Publishing. p. 142. ISBN 9781438102467.
  18. Jeep, John M. (2001). Routledge Revivals: Medieval Germany (2001): An Encyclopedia. Abingdon & New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 72. ISBN 9781351665407.
  19. Perry, Guy (2018). The Briennes: The Rise and Fall of a Champenois Dynasty in the Age of the Crusades, c. 950–1356. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. xxiii. ISBN 9781107196902.
  20. Możejko, Beata (2017). New Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Gdańsk, Poland and Prussia. Abingdon, New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 14. ISBN 9781351805445.
  21. Tamrat, Taddesse (January 1970). "The Abbots of Däbrä-Hayq 1248-1535". Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 8 (1): 87–117. JSTOR 41965802.
  22. Barlow, Henry Clark (1864). Critical, Historical, and Philosophical Contributions to the Study of the Divina Commedia. London and Edinburgh: Williams and Norgate. pp. 423. 1294 Brunetto Latini.
  23. "History of Pereslavl-Zalessky | Rusmania". rusmania.com. Retrieved February 26, 2019.
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