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{{Short description|None}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Politics of Finland}} {{Politics of Finland}}
The ''']''' is the ] of ]. Under the ], executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers. The President is elected directly by the people for a term of six years. Since 1991, no President may be elected for more than two consecutive terms. The President must be a native-born ]. The office was established by the ''Constitution Act'' of 1919. The current office-holder is ].


The ] is ]'s ]. Under the ], executive power is vested in the president and the government, with the president possessing limited powers. Since 1994 no president may be elected for more than two consecutive terms. Presidents used to be elected indirectly, by an electoral college or by Parliament, but since 1994 the president has been elected directly by the people for a term of six years. The president must be a native-born ]. The office was established by the ''Constitution Act'' of 1919. The current president is ], since 1 March 2024.
== List of Presidents of Finland ==
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== List of presidents==
{| class="wikitable"

|- style="background:#efefef;"
{{legend|skyblue|]}}
! #
{{legend|darkgreen|]}}
! Image
{{legend|darkblue|]}}
! Name<br><small>(Birth-Death)
{{legend|red|]}}
! Took Office
{{legend|gray|]}}
! Left Office
! Party
{| class = wikitable
|-style="background:#FFFFDD;"
! №.<br><br><br><br>
| rowspan="2"|1.
! Portrait<br><br><br><br>
| rowspan="2"|]
! President<br>{{small|(birth year –<br>death year)}}<br><br>
| rowspan="2"|]<br><small>(1865–1952)
! Elected<br><br><br><br>
| 27 July 1919
! Took office<br><br><br><br>
| 1 March 1925
! Left office<br><br><br><br>
| height=70|]
! Political party<br>{{small|(until election)}}<br><br><br>
! Birth day,<br>place<br>Death day,<br>place
<!-- Ståhlberg -->
|- |-
| style = text-align:right;background-color:skyblue rowspan = 2 | 1.
| colspan="3"|Chairman of Parliament 1914-1917, elected President by the ] in 1919
| rowspan = 2 | ]
|-style="background:#DDFFDD;"
| rowspan = 2 | ]<br>{{small|(1865–1952)}}
| rowspan="2"|2.
| ]
| rowspan="2"|]
| ] 1919
| rowspan="2"|]<br><small>(1883–1942)
| 1 March 1925 | ] 1925
| ]
| 1 March 1931
| * ]&nbsp;1865,<br>]<br>† ]&nbsp;1952,<br>]
| height=70|]<br>(later re-named ])
|- |-
| colspan = 5 | ] (1908–1910, 1914–1918 and 1930–1933). ] (1914–1917). ] (1918–1919). Elected as president by the ] in 1919.
| colspan="3"|Chairman of Parliament 1919-1920, elected President by ] in 1925
<!-- Relander -->
|-style="background:#DDEEFF;"
|-
| rowspan="2"|3.
| style = text-align:right;background-color:darkgreen;color:white rowspan = 2 | 2.
| rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan = 2 | ]
| rowspan="2"|]<br><small>(1861–1944)
| rowspan = 2 | ]<br>{{small|(1883–1942)}}
| 1 March 1931
| ]
| 1 March 1937
| 2 March 1925
| height=70|]
| 2 March 1931
| ]
| * ] 1883,<br>]<br>† ] 1942,<br>Helsinki
|-
| colspan = 5 | ] (1910–1914 and 1917–1920). ] (1919–1920). Governor of ] (1920–1925). Elected as president by an ] in 1925.
<!-- Svinhufvud -->
|-
| style = text-align:right;background-color:darkblue;color:white rowspan = 2 | 3.
| rowspan = 2 | ]
| rowspan = 2 |]<br>{{small|(1861–1944)}}
| ]
| 2 March 1931
| ] 1937
| ]
| * ] 1861,<br>]<br>† ] 1944,<br>]
|-
| colspan = 5 | Member of the ] in the ] (1894 and 1899–1906). ] (1907–1917 and 1930–1931). ] (1907–1913). ] (interim head of state) of Finland (1918). ] (1917–1918 and 1930–1931). Elected as president by an ] in 1931.
<!-- Kallio -->
|- |-
| style = text-align:right;background-color:darkgreen;color:white rowspan = 2 | 4.
| colspan="3"|Chairman of Parliament 1907-1912, ] (Interim Head of State) of Finland 1918; ] 1917-1918 and 1930–1931, elected President by ] in 1931
| rowspan = 2 | ]
|-style="background:#DDFFDD;"
| rowspan = 2 | ]<br>{{small|(1873–1940)}}
| rowspan="2"|4.
| ]
| rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br><small>(1873–1940)
| 1 March 1937 | 1 March 1937
| ] 1940<br>{{small|(died)}}
| Agrarian League
| * ] 1873,<br>]<br>† ] 1940,<br>Helsinki
|-
| colspan = 5 | ] (1907–1937). Chairman of the ] (1909–1917). Minister of Agriculture (1919–1920 and 1921–1922). ] (1920–1921, 1922, 1924–1925, 1927–1928, 1929 and 1930–1936). ] (1922–1924, 1925–1926, 1929–1930 and 1936–1937). Elected as president by an ] in 1937. Announced resignation in 1940 because of poor health, but died in office.
<!-- Ryti -->
|-
| style = text-align:right;background-color:skyblue rowspan = 2 | 5.
| rowspan = 2 | ]
| rowspan = 2 | ]<br>{{small|(1889–1956)}}
| ]<br>]
| 19 December 1940 | 19 December 1940
| ] 1944<br>{{small|(resigned)}}
| height=70|]
| National Progressive Party
| * ] 1889,<br>]<br>† ] 1956,<br>Helsinki
|- |-
| colspan = 5 | ] (1919–1924 and 1927–1929). ] (1921–1922 and 1922–1924). ] (1923–1940 and 1944–1945). ] (1939–1940). Elected as president by the ] from 1937 in 1940 and re-elected in 1943 also by the electoral college from 1937. Resigned in 1944 due to the ].
| colspan="3"|Chairman of Parliament 1920-1921, 1922, 1924–1925, 1929 and 1930–1936, ] 1922-1924, 1925–1926, 1929–1930 and 1936–1937, elected President by ] in 1937, resigned in 1940 because of poor health.
<!-- Mannerheim -->
|-style="background:#FFFFDD;"
| rowspan="2"|5.
| rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br><small>(1889–1956)
| 19 December 1940<br><small>(acting for Kallio from 27 November 1940)
| 4 August 1944
| height=70|]
|- |-
| style = text-align:right;background-color:gray;color:white rowspan = 2 | 6.
| colspan="3"|] 1939-1940 and during his Presidential term 1940-1941; elected President by ] in 1940; re-elected in 1943; resigned in 1944
| rowspan = 2 | ]
|-style="bacground:#FFFFDD;"
| rowspan = 2 | ]<br>{{small|(1867–1951)}}
| rowspan="2"|6.
| {{ill|1944 Finnish presidential appointment|fi|Suomen presidentin valinta 1944|lt=1944}}
| rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br><small>(1867–1951)
| 4 August 1944 | 4 August 1944
| 8 March 1946 | ] 1946<br>{{small|(resigned)}}
| ]
| Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces / Non-Party
| * ] 1867,<br>]<br>† ] 1951,<br>], ]
|- |-
| colspan = 5 | ] (interim head of state) of Finland (1918–1919). ] of the ] (1939–1945). The only ]. Decreed as president in 1944 by an exception law. Resigned in 1946 because of poor health. Finland's only non-partisan president and the only president to die outside Finland.
| colspan="3"|] (Interim Head of State) of Finland 1918-1919; elected President in 1944 by the ]; resigned in 1946
<!-- Paasikivi -->
|-style="background:#DDEEFF;"
|-
| rowspan="2"|7.
| style = text-align:right;background-color:darkblue;color:white rowspan = 2 | 7.
| rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br><small>(1870–1956) | rowspan = 2 | ]
| rowspan = 2 | ]<br>{{small|(1870–1956)}}
| 8 March 1946
| ]<br>]
| 11 March 1946
| 1 March 1956 | 1 March 1956
| height=70|] | National Coalition Party
| * ] 1870,<br>]<br>† ] 1956,<br>Helsinki
|- |-
| colspan="3"|] in 1918 and 1944–1946; elected President by the ] in 1946 and re-elected by ] in 1950 | colspan = 5 | ] (1907–1909 and 1910–1914). ] (1918 and 1944–1946). Elected as president by the ] in 1946 and re-elected by an ] in 1950.
<!-- Kekkonen -->
|-style="background:#DDFFDD;"
|-
| rowspan="2"|8.
| style = text-align:right;background-color:darkgreen;color:white rowspan = 2 | 8.
| rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br><small>(1900–1986) | rowspan = 2 | ]
| rowspan = 2 |]<br>{{small|(1900–1986)}}
| ]<br>]<br />]<br>]
| 1 March 1956 | 1 March 1956
| 27 January 1982 | ] 1982<br>{{small|(resigned)}}
| Agrarian League
| height=70|] /]
| * ] 1900,<br>]<br>† ] 1986,<br>Helsinki
|- |-
| colspan="3"|Chairman of Parliament 1948-1950, ] 1950-1953 and 1954–1956, elected President by ] in 1956 and re-elected in 1962, 1968 and 1978; resigned in 1981 owing to poor health, whereupon Prime Minister Mauno Koivisto became acting President. | colspan = 5 | ] (1936–1956). ] (1936–1937 and 1944–1946). ] (1937–1939 and 1950–1951). ] (1948–1950). ] (1950–1953 and 1954–1956). Elected as president by an ] in 1956 and re-elected in 1962, 1968 and 1978. In 1973, the term that started in 1968 was extended by four years by an exception law. Resigned in 1982 because of poor health. Served in the ].
<!-- Mauno Koivisto -->
|-height=150 style="background:#FFE8E8;"
|-
| rowspan="2"|9.
| style = text-align:right;background-color:red;color:white rowspan = 2 | 9.
| rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br><small>(1923- ) | rowspan = 2 | ]
| rowspan = 2 | ]<br>{{small|(1923–2017)}}
| 27 January 1982<br><small>(acting for Kekkonen from 11 September 1981)
| ]<br>]
| 27 January 1982
| 1 March 1994 | 1 March 1994
| ] | ]
| * ] 1923,<br>]<br>† ] 2017,<br>Helsinki
|- |-
| colspan="3"|] 1968&ndash;1970 and 1979&ndash;1982; elected President by ] in 1982 and re-elected in 1988. First president born in independent Finland. Only veteran president who served in armed forces 1939-1945. | colspan = 5 | ] (1966–1967 and 1972). ] (1968–1982). ] (1968–1970 and 1979–1982). Elected as president by an ] in 1982 and re-elected in 1988. The first president born in independent Finland. Served in the ] of the ].
<!-- Ahtisaari -->
|-height=150 style="background:#FFE8E8;"
|-
| rowspan="2"|10.
| style = text-align:right;background-color:red;color:white rowspan = 2 | 10.
| rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br><small>(1937- ) | rowspan = 2 | ]
| rowspan = 2 |]<br>{{small|(1937–2023)}}
| ]
| 1 March 1994 | 1 March 1994
| 1 March 2000 | 1 March 2000
| ] | Social Democratic Party of Finland
| * ] 1937,<br>]<br>† ] 2023,<br>Helsinki
|-
| colspan = 5 | ] (1987–1991). Elected as president in 1994. The first president elected by direct popular vote. ] laureate 2008. Member of ].
<!-- Halonen -->
|- |-
| style = text-align:right;background-color:red;color:white rowspan = 2 | 11.
| colspan="3"|Elected directly as President in 1994
| rowspan = 2 | ]
|-height=150 style="background:#FFE8E8;"
| rowspan="2"|11. | rowspan = 2 | ]<br>{{small|(b. 1943)}}
| ]<br>]
| rowspan="2"|]
| rowspan="2"|]<br><small>(1943- )
| 1 March 2000 | 1 March 2000
| 1 March 2012
| Incumbent
| ] | Social Democratic Party of Finland
| * ] 1943,<br>Helsinki
|- |-
| colspan = 5 |] (1979–2000). ] (1990–1991). ] (1995–2000). Elected as president in 2000 and re-elected in 2006. Finland's first female president.
| colspan="3"|Elected as the first female President of Finland in 2000; re-elected in 2006

<!-- Niinistö -->
|-
| style = text-align:right;background-color:darkblue;color:white rowspan = 2 | 12.
| rowspan = 2 | ]
| rowspan = 2 |]<br>{{small|(b. 1948)}}
| ]<br>]
| 1 March 2012
| 1 March 2024
| National Coalition
| * ] 1948,<br>]
|-
| colspan = 5 | ] (1987–2003 and 2007–2011). Chairman of the ] (1994–2001). ] (1995–1996). ] (1996–2003). ] (2007–2011). Elected as president in 2012 and re-elected in 2018.

<!-- Stubb -->
|-
| style = text-align:right;background-color:darkblue;color:white rowspan = 2 | 13.
| rowspan = 2 | ]
| rowspan = 2 |]<br>{{small|(b. 1968)}}
| ]
| 1 March 2024
| ''Incumbent''
| National Coalition
| * ] 1968,<br>]
|-
| colspan = 5 | ] (2004–2008). ] (2011–2017). ] (2008–2011). ] (2011–2014). ] (2014–2015). Chairman of the ] (2014–2016). ] (2015–2016). Elected as president in 2024.
|} |}


==See also== == Timeline ==
{{Presidents of the Republic of Finland, timeline}}
*]

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== See also ==
{{Portal|Finland|Politics}}
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==External links== == External links ==

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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}}

{{Years in Finland}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Presidents Of Finland}} {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of presidents Of Finland}}
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Latest revision as of 12:22, 20 October 2024

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Politics of Finland
State
Executive
Legislative
Judiciary
Recent elections
Political parties
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations

The president of Finland is Finland's head of state. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the president and the government, with the president possessing limited powers. Since 1994 no president may be elected for more than two consecutive terms. Presidents used to be elected indirectly, by an electoral college or by Parliament, but since 1994 the president has been elected directly by the people for a term of six years. The president must be a native-born Finnish citizen. The office was established by the Constitution Act of 1919. The current president is Alexander Stubb, since 1 March 2024.

List of presidents

  National Progressive Party   Agrarian League   National Coalition Party/National Coalition   Social Democratic Party of Finland   independent
№.



 Portrait



 President
(birth year –
death year)

 Elected



 Took office



 Left office



 Political party
(until election)


 Birth day,
place
Death day,
place
1. Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg
(1865–1952) 		1919 26 July 1919 2 March 1925 National Progressive Party * 28 January 1865,
Suomussalmi
† 22 September 1952,
Helsinki
Member of parliament (1908–1910, 1914–1918 and 1930–1933). Speaker of parliament (1914–1917). President of the Supreme Administrative Court (1918–1919). Elected as president by the parliament in 1919.
2. Lauri Kristian Relander
(1883–1942) 		1925 2 March 1925 2 March 1931 Agrarian League * 31 May 1883,
Kurkijoki
† 9 February 1942,
Helsinki
Member of parliament (1910–1914 and 1917–1920). Speaker of parliament (1919–1920). Governor of Viipuri Province (1920–1925). Elected as president by an electoral college in 1925.
3. Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
(1861–1944) 		1931 2 March 1931 1 March 1937 National Coalition Party * 15 December 1861,
Sääksmäki
† 29 February 1944,
Luumäki
Member of the Estate of Nobles in the Diet of Finland (1894 and 1899–1906). Member of parliament (1907–1917 and 1930–1931). Speaker of parliament (1907–1913). Regent (interim head of state) of Finland (1918). Prime Minister (1917–1918 and 1930–1931). Elected as president by an electoral college in 1931.
4. Kyösti Kallio
(1873–1940) 		1937 1 March 1937 19 December 1940
(died) 		Agrarian League * 10 April 1873,
Ylivieska
† 19 December 1940,
Helsinki
Member of parliament (1907–1937). Chairman of the Agrarian League (1909–1917). Minister of Agriculture (1919–1920 and 1921–1922). Speaker of parliament (1920–1921, 1922, 1924–1925, 1927–1928, 1929 and 1930–1936). Prime Minister (1922–1924, 1925–1926, 1929–1930 and 1936–1937). Elected as president by an electoral college in 1937. Announced resignation in 1940 because of poor health, but died in office.
5. Risto Ryti
(1889–1956) 		1940
1943 		19 December 1940 4 August 1944
(resigned) 		National Progressive Party * 3 February 1889,
Huittinen
† 25 October 1956,
Helsinki
Member of parliament (1919–1924 and 1927–1929). Minister of Finance (1921–1922 and 1922–1924). Governor of the Bank of Finland (1923–1940 and 1944–1945). Prime Minister (1939–1940). Elected as president by the electoral college from 1937 in 1940 and re-elected in 1943 also by the electoral college from 1937. Resigned in 1944 due to the Ryti–Ribbentrop Agreement.
6. Carl Gustaf Mannerheim
(1867–1951) 		1944 [fi] 4 August 1944 11 March 1946
(resigned) 		independent * 4 June 1867,
Askainen
† 27 January 1951,
Lausanne, Switzerland
Regent (interim head of state) of Finland (1918–1919). Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Defence Forces (1939–1945). The only Field Marshal and Marshal of Finland. Decreed as president in 1944 by an exception law. Resigned in 1946 because of poor health. Finland's only non-partisan president and the only president to die outside Finland.
7. Juho Kusti Paasikivi
(1870–1956) 		1946
1950 		11 March 1946 1 March 1956 National Coalition Party * 27 November 1870,
Koski Hl.
† 14 December 1956,
Helsinki
Member of parliament (1907–1909 and 1910–1914). Prime Minister (1918 and 1944–1946). Elected as president by the parliament in 1946 and re-elected by an electoral college in 1950.
8. Urho Kekkonen
(1900–1986) 		1956
1962
1968
1978 		1 March 1956 27 January 1982
(resigned) 		Agrarian League * 3 September 1900,
Pielavesi
† 31 August 1986,
Helsinki
Member of parliament (1936–1956). Minister of Justice (1936–1937 and 1944–1946). Minister of the Interior (1937–1939 and 1950–1951). Speaker of parliament (1948–1950). Prime Minister (1950–1953 and 1954–1956). Elected as president by an electoral college in 1956 and re-elected in 1962, 1968 and 1978. In 1973, the term that started in 1968 was extended by four years by an exception law. Resigned in 1982 because of poor health. Served in the Finnish Civil War.
9. Mauno Koivisto
(1923–2017) 		1982
1988 		27 January 1982 1 March 1994 Social Democratic Party of Finland * 25 November 1923,
Turku
† 12 May 2017,
Helsinki
Minister of Finance (1966–1967 and 1972). Governor of the Bank of Finland (1968–1982). Prime Minister (1968–1970 and 1979–1982). Elected as president by an electoral college in 1982 and re-elected in 1988. The first president born in independent Finland. Served in the Continuation War of the Second World War.
10. Martti Ahtisaari
(1937–2023) 		1994 1 March 1994 1 March 2000 Social Democratic Party of Finland * 23 June 1937,
Viipuri
† 16 October 2023,
Helsinki
Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations (1987–1991). Elected as president in 1994. The first president elected by direct popular vote. Nobel Peace Prize laureate 2008. Member of The Elders.
11. Tarja Halonen
(b. 1943) 		2000
2006 		1 March 2000 1 March 2012 Social Democratic Party of Finland * 24 December 1943,
Helsinki
Member of parliament (1979–2000). Minister of Justice (1990–1991). Minister for Foreign Affairs (1995–2000). Elected as president in 2000 and re-elected in 2006. Finland's first female president.
12. Sauli Niinistö
(b. 1948) 		2012
2018 		1 March 2012 1 March 2024 National Coalition * 24 August 1948,
Salo
Member of parliament (1987–2003 and 2007–2011). Chairman of the National Coalition Party (1994–2001). Minister of Justice (1995–1996). Minister of Finance (1996–2003). Speaker of parliament (2007–2011). Elected as president in 2012 and re-elected in 2018.
13. Alexander Stubb
(b. 1968) 		2024 1 March 2024 Incumbent National Coalition * 1 April 1968,
Helsinki
Member of the European Parliament (2004–2008). Member of parliament (2011–2017). Minister for Foreign Affairs (2008–2011). Minister for European Affairs and Trade (2011–2014). Prime Minister (2014–2015). Chairman of the National Coalition Party (2014–2016). Minister of Finance (2015–2016). Elected as president in 2024.

Timeline

Alexander StubbSauli NiinistöTarja HalonenMartti AhtisaariMauno KoivistoUrho KekkonenJ. K. PaasikiviGustaf MannerheimRisto RytiKyösti KallioP. E. SvinhufvudLauri Kristian RelanderK. J. Ståhlberg

See also

External links

Years in Finland
Categories:
List of presidents of Finland: Difference between revisions Add topic