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Rosalie Kunoth-Monks
Kunoth-Monks in 1955
Born	Rosalie Lynette Kunoth (1937-01-04)4 January 1937 Utopia, Northern Territory
Died	26 January 2022(2022-01-26) (aged 85) Alice Springs, Northern Territory
Other names	Ngarla Kunoth (screen name) Rosie (nickname)
Occupation(s)	Actress, activist, politician

Rosalie Lynette Kunoth-Monks OAM (4 January 1937 – 26 January 2022), also known as Ngarla Kunoth, was an Australian film actress, Aboriginal activist and politician.

Early life

Rosalie Lynette Kunoth was born on 4 January 1937 in Utopia, Northern Territory (Arapunya), she was an Arrernte and Anmatyerre woman. Her paternal grandfather, Harry Kunoth, was German, hence her German surname. He and her grandmother, Amelia Kunoth (an Arrernte woman), co-managed several cattle stations in the Northern Territory, including Utopia Station. Her father's name was Allan Kunoth.

In an interview for Film Australia's Australian Biography series in 1995 Kunoth-Monks stated that she was born on the Sandover River and that her Anmatyerr mother, whose name she didn't state due to cultural reasons, was assisted in her birth by an Aboriginal midwife. Her mother was a Ngarla woman, within Aboriginal kinship, and Kunoth-Monks stated that there were a group of Ngarla women that are her mother also. She was one of eight children and she grew up speaking both Arrernte and Anmatyerr and learnt English as a third language, with her father beginning to teach her in the lead-up to her attending school.

At the age of 9 Kunoth-Monks was sent to St. Mary's Hostel in Alice Springs as a boarder and attended school in town. This was during a period that many "part-Aboriginal" children were taken from their families as a part of the Stolen Generations, but this wasn't the case for her due to the protection afforded her by her family. This is because the Kunoths were well-known in the pastoral industry and her parents were able to pay board for the children. This does not mean that they were given the choice to educate her at home or more locally.

Kunoth-Monks was initially concerned that she would be boiled to make her skin lighter, and stated that: "It took one horrifying week of expecting to be boiled and then realising that kids did go to this place called school, and they were brown or even darker. And we didn't get boiled".

Acting career

In 1951, Kunoth was 14 and staying at St Mary's Hostel when the filmmakers Charles and Elsa Chauvel recruited her to play the title role in their 1955 film Jedda. Her nickname was "Rosie", but the Chauvels changed her name for the screen to Ngarla Kunoth.

Kunoth was the first Indigenous Australian female lead. The groundbreaking film was played for audiences at the Cannes Film Festival 60 years later in 2015. This experience inspired the play and TV play Burst of Summer.

Activism and politics

Kunoth spent 10 years from 1960 as an Anglican nun in the Community of the Holy Name in Melbourne. She then left the order, married Bill Monks and began employment at the Department of Aboriginal Affairs, setting up the first home in Victoria for Aboriginal children. She had a daughter, Ngarla.

Returning to the Alice Springs region, she worked for Aboriginal Hostels Limited, the Central Australian Aboriginal Legal Aid Service and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission.

The then-Chief Minister of the Northern Territory, Paul Everingham, appointed her as an adviser on Aboriginal affairs. Kunoth stood for election to the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly in 1980. She campaigned to oppose the proposed construction of a dam that threatened to destroy land sacred to her people. She lost that election but went on to continuing activism working to improve the lives of indigenous people. In 1999 she was appointed vice chair of the council of the Batchelor Institute of Indigenous Tertiary Education and subsequently became chair of the council.

By 2008, she had returned to the Utopia homelands, 260 kilometres (160 mi) north-east of Alice Springs, and in that year became president of Barkly Shire. In August 2008, in Canberra for Amnesty International, she denounced federal government intervention in the Northern Territory as a "huge violation of human rights", displacing "more Indigenous people from their traditional lands, depriving them of opportunities to speak their native language and severing links with culture. Our beings are very fragile. We disagree with being herded by the army into the big centres". Two months later, she said: "It's not that they're coming here with bulldozers or getting the army to move us. It's that they're trying to starve us out of our home... They won't support us becoming sustainable in our own right. If you're made to feel a second-class humanity, if it's not ethnic cleansing, please let me know what is". Utopia, which is known for its dot paintings, was trying to start its own cattle business and wanted to be a cultural centre, she said.

At the 2013 federal election, Kunoth-Monks stood unsuccessfully as a senate candidate in the Northern Territory on behalf of the First Nations Political Party. In November 2014, Kunoth-Monks was a significant influence in bringing together with Tauto Sansbury a national gathering of Indigenous leaders to unite in the "fight" for their lands – the "Freedom Movement" – in Alice Springs.

Media appearances

On 9 June 2014 Rosalie Kunoth-Monks appeared on ABC TV's Q&A, where she delivered her withering and now well-known "I am not the problem" speech.

Death

Kunoth-Monks died in Alice Springs on 26 January 2022, aged 85.

She was given a state funeral in Alice Springs on 3 March 2022, which was attended by hundreds of people. Michael Gunner, the Chief Minister of the Northern Territory, began his eulogy with her famous words from her 2014 appearance on ABC TV's Q&A: "Don't try and suppress me. I am not the problem. I have never left my country, nor have I ever ceded any part of it". Central Desert councillor Jeff Iversen described her as "a hero and a national treasure".

Recognition and honours

• 1993 – Medal of the Order of Australia, for service to the Aboriginal community.

• 8 March 2007 (International Women's Day) – presented with a "Northern Territory Tribute to Women Award" at the opening of the National Pioneer Women's Hall of Fame in Alice Springs

• 26 June 2014 – Dr. Yunupingu Award for Human Rights at the inaugural National Indigenous Human Rights Awards

• 26 January 2015 – finalist for Australian of the Year after being awarded Northern Territorian of the Year

• 10 July 2015 – NAIDOC Person of the Year during the NAIDOC Week celebrations

• November 2015 – subject of a tribute song on social media, "She Came Along", composed by Paul "Nultatjarra" Dixon

References

1. Sandomir, Richard (17 February 2022). "Rosalie Kunoth-Monks, Champion of Indigenous Peoples, Dies at 85". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
2. "Biography - Rosalie Lynette Kunoth-Monks - Indigenous Australia". ia.anu.edu.au. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
3. ^ TV program script of interview with Kunoth-Monks, "Australian Biography: Rosalie Kunoth-Monks". National Film and Sound Archive. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
4. Briscoe, Gordon (2010). Racial Folly. ANU Press. doi:10.22459/RF.02.2010. ISBN 978-1-921666-21-6.
5. ^ Lockwood, Douglas (1970) We, the Aborigines, Walkabout Pocketbooks.
6. "Arunta Tribe Girl Star". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 30 July 1953. p. 6. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
7. "Jedda returns to the Cannes Film Festival". SBS News. 2015.
8. Vagg, Stephen (15 November 2020). "The Flawed Landmark: Burst of Summer". Filmink.
9. ^ Whennan, Irene. "Report to Marion Council, SA on the Australian Local Government Women's Association Conference 2009" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
10. "Batchelor Institute » Honorary Doctorate awarded".
11. ABC News 17 November 2008 (17 November 2008). "Central Australian shires elect presidents". ABC News. Retrieved 8 September 2013.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
12. "Film star turned politician blasts intervention", The Age, Melbourne, 10 August 2011, p. 5.
13. "Conditions in Utopia devastating, says Amnesty chief", The Age, Melbourne, 10 October 2010, p. 7.
14. "Respect and listen". Retrieved 23 August 2013.
15. ABC News 25 November 2014 (12 December 2011). "First People's freedom summit". Australian Broadcasting Corporation.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
16. "Primates, Populism and Utopia". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Q&A. 9 June 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
17. "Without The Back Story, Q&A Bombshell Goes Begging". New Matilda. 10 June 2014. "I have a culture. I am a cultured person (speaks in language). I am not something that fell out of the sky for the pleasure of somebody putting another culture into this cultured being. John chose (to depict) what is an ongoing denial of me. I am not an Aboriginal, or indeed Indigenous. I am an Arrente, Alyawarra First Nations person, a sovereign person from this country (speaks in language). I didn't come from overseas. I came from here…. I am alive. I am here and now. And I speak my language. I practice my cultural essence of me. Don't try and suppress me and don't call me a problem. I am not the problem. I have never left my country nor have I ceded any part of it. Nobody has entered into a treaty or talked to me about who I am. I am Arrente, Alyawarra female elder from this country. Please remember that. I am not the problem.
18. "Aboriginal activist, Jedda actor and human rights campaigner Rosalie Kunoth-Monks has died aged 85". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. ABC. 27 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
19. "Australia Lost A National Treasure Rosalie Kunoth Monks". 3 Kool n Deadly. 26 January 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
20. Mabin, Saskia (3 March 2022). "Rosalie Kunoth-Monks remembered as a formidable advocate at state funeral in Alice Springs". ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). Retrieved 4 March 2022.
21. Korff, Jens (27 January 2020). "Order of Australia: Aboriginal winners". Creative Spirits. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
22. "Rosalie Lynette Kunoth-Monks". Australian Honours Search Facility, Dept of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
23. "Honorary Doctorate Awarded". Batchelor Institute. 14 November 2019.
24. "Rosalie Kunoth-Monks, Indigenous Australian advocate and actor, dies aged 85". Guardian. 27 January 2022.
25. "Meet the NAIDOC Person of the Year 2015 – Rosalie Kunoth-Monks". 8 July 2015.
26. "Inspiring song celebrates Indigenous activist Rosalie Kunoth-Monks". 17 November 2015.

Further reading

• Kalina, Paul (15 December 2004). "Chauvel's Jedda led the way". The Age.
• Kunoth-Monks, Rosalie (9 November 2006). "Land and culture - neccessary [sic] but not enough for the future". Alice Springs News. Transcript of a talk at the Desert Knowledge Symposium, Alice Springs, 2006
• "Rosalie Kunoth-Monks inspires with her Q&A speech: 'I am not the problem'". NewsComAu. 10 June 2014. Archived from the original on 27 October 2015.

• 1937 births
• 2022 deaths
• Actresses from the Northern Territory
• Australian film actresses
• Australian indigenous rights activists
• Australian people of German descent
• Indigenous Australian actresses
• Northern Territory local councillors
• Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
• Australian women human rights activists
• Women local councillors in Australia