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Revision as of 12:52, 23 August 2021 view source+JMJ+ (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users20,690 edits This is what is said in the article.Tag: Visual edit← Previous edit Revision as of 12:55, 23 August 2021 view source +JMJ+ (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users20,690 edits To expand upon what Lyalevich said.Tag: Visual editNext edit →
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Litvins consider the ] as being a joint Baltic and Eastern Slavic state.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}} Litvins claim this duality due to the significant ] influence on the state.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grand duchy of Lithuania|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/grand-duchy-of-Lithuania|url-status=live|website=]|quote=Influenced greatly by their Russian subjects, the Lithuanians not only reorganized their army, government administration, and legal and financial systems on Russian models but also allowed the Russian nobility to retain its Orthodox religion, its privileges, and its local authority.}}</ref> Litvins consider the ] as being a joint Baltic and Eastern Slavic state.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}} Litvins claim this duality due to the significant ] influence on the state.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Grand duchy of Lithuania|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/grand-duchy-of-Lithuania|url-status=live|website=]|quote=Influenced greatly by their Russian subjects, the Lithuanians not only reorganized their army, government administration, and legal and financial systems on Russian models but also allowed the Russian nobility to retain its Orthodox religion, its privileges, and its local authority.}}</ref>


⚫ It is undoubted that Belarusians are ] ].<ref name=":1" /> The Balts once inhabited ] and ], extending as far as into ] and ].<ref name=":1" /> ] speaking, the inhabitants of ] are ] ], as, according to the German ] {{Interlanguage link|Michael Hesch|lt=Michael Hesch|de}}:<blockquote>"The western Belarusian area was inhabited by Lithuanians. The western Belarusians are certainly largely ] Lithuanians."{{Sfn|Hesch|1933|p=4}}{{Sfn|Budreckis|1967}}</blockquote>The Belarusian historian Jan Lyalevich, who identifies as Litvin, cited medieval ] sources referring to the ] as the "Lithuanian language".<ref name=":1" /> He also describes the medieval Litvins as a "proto-nation that existed approximately since the 14th century to the late 19th century, when its remainders, represented by mostly Catholic ] and ], disappeared".<ref name=":1" />
It is undoubted that Belarusians are ] ].<ref name=":1" /> The Balts once inhabited ] and ], extending as far as into ] and ].<ref name=":1" />

⚫ The Belarusian historian Jan Lyalevich, who identifies as Litvin, cited medieval ] sources referring to the ] as the "Lithuanian language".<ref name=":1" /> He also describes the medieval Litvins as a "proto-nation that existed approximately since the 14th century to the late 19th century, when its remainders, represented by mostly Catholic ] and ], disappeared".<ref name=":1" />


Some Litvin activists are reported to teach their children altered forms of the ] considered more traditional and de-], or asking that their ] states their ] ethnicity.<ref name=":0" /> This may also extend to the ], one example of this being the Belarusian historian Jan Lyalevich, who stated in 2017: ''"Personally, I am still convinced that it is not too late for returning to our state its real name: Lithuania"'' ({{lang|be|Літва}} in Belarusian).<ref name=":1" /> Some Litvin activists are reported to teach their children altered forms of the ] considered more traditional and de-], or asking that their ] states their ] ethnicity.<ref name=":0" /> This may also extend to the ], one example of this being the Belarusian historian Jan Lyalevich, who stated in 2017: ''"Personally, I am still convinced that it is not too late for returning to our state its real name: Lithuania"'' ({{lang|be|Літва}} in Belarusian).<ref name=":1" />
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==References== ==References==
{{Reflist|2}} {{Reflist|2}}
==Sources==

* {{Cite journal|last=Budreckis|first=Algirdas|date=1967|title=ETNOGRAFINĖS LIETUVOS RYTINĖS IR PIETINĖS SIENOS|url=http://partizanai.org/karys-1967m-7-8/5742-etnografines-lietuvos-rytines-ir-pietines-sienos|journal=]}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hesch|first=Michael|title=Letten, Litauer, Weissrussen|year=1933|location=Wien|language=German}}


] ]

Revision as of 12:55, 23 August 2021

Idea and theory in Belarus connecting Belarusians to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Map of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the main foundation of the Litvin identity, at its greatest extent on the 13th to 15th centuries.

Litvinism (Template:Lang-be, ліцвінізм, літвінства or літвінізм; Template:Lang-lt; Template:Lang-ru or литвинизм) is a fringe pseudohistorical theory, which claims that the real founders of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were Belarusians.

Some Litvinists reject their Belarusian national identity and affiliation with the Republic of Belarus, in favor of a reconstructed Baltic Catholic Litvin ("Lithuanian") identity, basing on the history and legacy of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. According to national censuses, only a few dozens residents of Belarus state their ethnic identity as Litvin instead of Belarusian.

Foundation

The motivation behind some Belarusian cultural activists adopting the Litvin identity is a rejection of Soviet ideology, the Soviet-imposed Pan-Slavism and simultaneously the Belarusian national identity which the Litvin activists claim to be Soviet-related. The Litvins underline their closeness to Lithuanians and Poles, viewing the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as a common heritage of the nations that live on its former territory. Previously an idea exclusive to some intellectuals, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1990s, "Litvinism" gained popularity among some Belarusians.

Litvins consider the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as being a joint Baltic and Eastern Slavic state. Litvins claim this duality due to the significant Russian influence on the state.

It is undoubted that Belarusians are Slavicized Balts. The Balts once inhabited Bryansk and Smolensk, extending as far as into Oryol and Moscow. Anthropologically speaking, the inhabitants of Western Belorussia are Slavicized Lithuanians, as, according to the German anthropologist Michael Hesch [de]:

"The western Belarusian area was inhabited by Lithuanians. The western Belarusians are certainly largely Russian-speaking Lithuanians."

The Belarusian historian Jan Lyalevich, who identifies as Litvin, cited medieval Muscovite sources referring to the "Old Belarusian" language as the "Lithuanian language". He also describes the medieval Litvins as a "proto-nation that existed approximately since the 14th century to the late 19th century, when its remainders, represented by mostly Catholic szlachta and intelligentsia, disappeared".

Some Litvin activists are reported to teach their children altered forms of the Belarusian language considered more traditional and de-russified, or asking that their passport states their Litvin ethnicity. This may also extend to the Belarusian state, one example of this being the Belarusian historian Jan Lyalevich, who stated in 2017: "Personally, I am still convinced that it is not too late for returning to our state its real name: Lithuania" (Літва in Belarusian).

Assessment in Belarus

Litvinism does not have a relevant impact on Belarusian politics, with its supporters focusing more on areas such as education. It is opposed by the pro-Russian official ideology of the Lukashenka regime and the pro-European Belarusian opposition.

Assessment by Lithuanians

Numerous Lithuanian authors view "Litvinism" as potentially dangerous or harmful for the modern Lithuanian state.

According to the Lithuanian author Tomas Baranauskas who claims to have coined the term, "Litvinism" is synthesis of two different historiographies: the Tsarist Russian, which claimed that the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a Russian state, and the interwar Polish historiography, which deemed the Polonized Lithuanians of eastern Lithuania proper as "Litwins" (i.e. "real Lithuanians"), in contrast to the "Lietuvisy" of the Republic of Lithuania.

Assesment in Russia

Tomas Baranauskas claims that Litvinism also has some supporters in Russia, although it is much less popular than in Belarus. Some Russian Litvinists refer to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as a Russian state. Lev Krishtapovich claims that:

In fact, under the guise of Belarusian nationalism, or the so-called Litvinism, a Polish gentry clique stands aimed at transforming Belarus into Poland's eastern frontiers.

Assessment by international sources

Litvinism is not supported by notable information sources such as Encyclopædia Britannica, which states that the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was exclusively created by Lithuanians, that Lithuania in the past ruled territories of present-day Belarus and that the Belarusians had no state and no national symbols until 1918. Notable historians such as Arnold J. Toynbee also support the approach that the Lithuanians conquered Ruthenian territories.

See also

References

  1. ^ Bakaitė, Jurga (27 December 2011). "LRT FAKTAI. Ar lietuviams reikia bijoti baltarusių nacionalinio atgimimo?" (in Lithuanian). Lithuanian National Radio and Television.
  2. Baranauskas, Tomas; Ramanauskas, Algis (16 July 2015). ""Greiti Pietūs": Algis Ramanauskas ir Tomas Baranauskas". Youtube (in Lithuanian). Žinių radijas. Retrieved 23 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. Baranauskas, Tomas; Baranauskienė, Inga; Ramanauskas, Algis (11 October 2019). "B&R Pristato: Istorikai Inga ir Tomas Baranauskai. LICVINIZMAS 20191010". Youtube. Bačiulis ir Ramanauskas. Retrieved 23 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ "Litwinizm – nowe zjawisko na Białorusi [Litvinism - a new phenomenon in Belarus]". Kresy.pl (in Polish). 24 July 2008.
  5. ^ Kirkevich, Ales (29 January 2017). ""Яшчэ не позна вярнуць краіне сапраўднае імя — Літва" ["It is not too late for returning to our state its real name: Lithuania"]". Novy Chas (in Belarusian).
  6. "Grand duchy of Lithuania". Encyclopædia Britannica. Influenced greatly by their Russian subjects, the Lithuanians not only reorganized their army, government administration, and legal and financial systems on Russian models but also allowed the Russian nobility to retain its Orthodox religion, its privileges, and its local authority.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. Hesch 1933, p. 4.
  8. Budreckis 1967.
  9. ^ Venckūnas, V. (29 September 2012). "Tomas Baranauskas: Litvinistams svarbiausia turėti gražią istoriją, kuri galėtų sutelkti tautą". Bernardinai.lt (in Lithuanian).
  10. Krishtapovich, Lev (21 November 2016). "Общерусская культура как основа белорусской идентичности" [All-Russian culture as the basis of Belarusian identity]. Regnum.ru (in Russian).
  11. Yeliseyeu, Andrei; Laputska, Veranika (2016). "Anti-Belarus disinformation in Russian media: Trends, features, countermeasures" (PDF). EAST Media Review (1): 11.
  12. "Lithuania - History". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  13. "Belarus - Lithuanian and Polish rule". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  14. Smith, Whitney. "Flag of Belarus". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
  15. Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (1948). A Study Of History (Volume II) (Fourth impression ed.). Great Britain: Oxford University Press. p. 172. Retrieved 4 July 2021.

Sources

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